Menene DApps ko Ƙaƙƙarfan Aikace-aikace?

DApp ("Aikace-aikacen da ba a san shi ba" ko "Aikace-aikacen da ba a san shi ba") aikace-aikacen software ne wanda aka samar da aikin gabaɗaya ko gabaɗaya ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Don aiki, gabaɗaya ya dogara ga ɗaya ko fiye kyawawan kwangila, watau ka'idojin kwamfuta waɗanda ke tabbatar da kwangila) waɗanda ke gudana akan blockchain ɗaya ko fiye.

Yawanci, ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikacen yana zuwa tare da madaidaicin keɓantawar mai amfani, ƙirar ma'ajiyar bayanai da aka rarraba, ka'idar sadarwar saƙo. sa'a to sa'a, da kuma tsarin ƙayyadaddun suna. A kan matakin kuɗi, ana iya la'akari da Bitcoin azaman aikace-aikacen da aka raba. Sabanin ƙungiyoyin kuɗi, Mai ƙirƙira ko Haɗin kai kuma ana iya ganin su azaman aikace-aikacen lamuni da aka raba.

Idan kuna son ƙarin koyo game da waɗannan sabbin ƙa'idodin, to ku karanta har zuwa ƙarshe.

Bari mu tafi

Tarihin DApps

DApps ba sabon abu bane tun bara, gaskiyar ita ce sun kasance tare da mu sama da shekaru 20. Aikace-aikacen cibiyar sadarwar P2P na farko an san su da Napster, eMule ko BitTorrent. Wannan shi ne saboda bayanan waɗannan hanyoyin shigar da aikace-aikacen suna cikin cibiyar sadarwar nodes (kwamfutoci) waɗanda ke cikin hanyar sadarwar su.

Idan ka haɗa kwamfutarka da cibiyar sadarwar BitTorrent, za ka iya samun dama da zazzage abubuwan da ke cikin kwamfutocin sauran masu amfani da kuma sanya abubuwan da kake ciki don saukewa ta wasu.

Tunanin ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen ya ci gaba akan lokaci kuma a cikin 2009 ya yi tsalle ba tare da komawa baya ba. An haifi Bitcoin, DApp na farko a duniya don amfani da Blockchain. Tuni a cikin 2014, an haifi Ethereum da sauran ayyukan Blockchain 2.0 da 3.0 sun biyo baya.

Tuni a cikin 2014, ya ga DApp na biyu ta amfani da blockchain, Ethereum. Yin amfani da Harshen Solidity don gina kwangilar wayo ya taimaka haɓaka wannan fasaha. Sirrin nasara ya ta'allaka ne a cikin aikace-aikacen da ba a daidaita su ba waɗanda masu amfani ke sarrafawa ba ta kamfanoni ba, misali a m kamar Fortnite wanda kamfani ke sarrafawa amma Decentraland shine a DApps rarrabawa da buɗewa wanda masu amfani ke sarrafawa da haɓakawa.

Menene DApps ko Ƙarfafa Aikace-aikace

DApps ko Aikace-aikacen da aka Rarraba su ne nau'in aikace-aikace na musamman waɗanda ke aiki a kan hanyar sadarwa ta kwamfutoci ko kwamfutoci. Ana tattara bayanan da wannan aikace-aikacen ya samar a kan hanyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta wanda ke kiyaye wannan bayanin amintacce da samun damar shiga.

Wannan hanyar sadarwar da aka raba ta a Fasahar Lissafin Rarraba (DLT) yawanci bisa fasahar blockchain. Don ba da misali mafi sauƙi, za mu iya tunanin DApp azaman aikace-aikacen da aka sani da Facebook, Tinder ko Robinhood amma maimakon yin aiki akan uwar garken tsakiya (yawanci akwai da yawa), yana gudana akan hanyar sadarwar da ta ƙunshi dubban nodes ko kwamfutoci.

Fa'idodin DApps akan aikace-aikace na tsakiya

1 # Tsaro

Babban amfani shine tsaro aikace-aikace. Kasancewar wannan aikace-aikacen yana gudana akan hanyar sadarwar da ta ƙunshi dubban nodes yana ba ta tsaro cewa koda ɗaya ko fiye da nodes na cibiyar sadarwar da yake aiki ya gaza, zai iya ci gaba da aiki.

Wannan ba ya faruwa a yanayin aikace-aikacen da ke gudana akan uwar garken tsakiya, saboda idan an kai hari, zai shafi ci gaba da sabis kuma aikace-aikacen zai daina aiki. Shin kun taɓa jin kamar WhatsApp ɗinku ya daina aiki na 'yan sa'o'i? To abin ya faru saboda uwar garken tsakiya ya kasa.

2# An raba su

Ko da yake mun riga mun yi sharhi game da shi sau da yawa, ƙaddamarwa shine babban fa'idar DApps. Musamman ga aikace-aikace waɗanda dole ne su sami babban matakin haƙuri na kuskure.

Bugu da kari, fa'ida ce mai fa'ida wacce ke karuwa a kan lokaci, saboda girman hanyar sadarwar da aka ce ana tallafawa DApp, yawancin kwamfutoci (ko nodes) za su kasance a cikin tsarin kuma yana da wahala a gare shi ya fado ko kuma ya lalace. rugujewa.

3# Suna dogara ne akan software na kyauta

A ƙarshe, ɗayan manyan ginshiƙai ko fa'idodin DApps shine cewa an ƙirƙira su ta hanyar software ta kyauta. Wannan yana ba da damar babban al'umma na masu haɓakawa su wanzu a bayansa don ba da sabis da tallafi ga hanyar sadarwa, baya ga samun babban matakin gaskiya da tsaro.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin aikace-aikacen da aka raba da kuma aikace-aikacen gargajiya

Bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan aikace-aikacen guda biyu yana kan matakai biyu: da baya da kuma adana bayanai.

Bambance-bambance a cikin baya

Bayanin baya yana nufin "dabaru" na aikace-aikacen da ke sa shi aiki. Dangane da aikace-aikacen gargajiya, duk waɗannan dabaru an daidaita su a cikin kwamfuta ta tsakiya ko uwar garken.

Koyaya, a cikin DApps, an ɗaure baya baya da kwangila mai wayo wanda ke gudana akan Blockchain kamar Ethereum. Wannan yana ba shi wani jerin fa'idodi kamar kasancewa bisa Smart Contract, kuma kasancewar waɗannan kwangilolin wayo na jama'a, babban matakin bayyana gaskiya da tsaro yana da tabbas.

Bambance-bambance a cikin ajiyar bayanai

Abu na gaba inda muke ganin bambance-bambance tsakanin aikace-aikacen gargajiya da aikace-aikacen da aka raba shi ne ajiyar bayanai. A cikin aikace-aikace na al'ada, yawanci ana adana bayanai a cikin kwamfuta ta tsakiya ko kwamfuta. Wannan yana nufin cewa harin da aka kai wa wannan kwamfutar ta tsakiya ko uwar garken na iya haifar da asarar cikakken bayanin mai amfani. Ba ya faruwa a cikin aikace-aikacen da aka rarraba inda aka adana bayanai a cikin hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta ko blockchain. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa bayanan mai amfani ba su taɓa ɓacewa ba.

Rukunin aikace-aikacen da aka raba

A duniyar DApps muna samun matakai ko nau'i daban-daban waɗanda sune:

Tier I dapps

A cikin wannan matakin ko rarrabuwa, mun haɗa aikace-aikacen da ba a daidaita su ba waɗanda ke gudana akan nasu Blockchain.

Tier II dapps

A wannan matakin na DApps za mu sami duk waɗannan DApps waɗanda aka yi garkuwa da su a kan Blockchain waɗanda ba su samo asali daga DApp ɗin kansu ba kuma suna aiki akan nasu Tokens ko Tokens na blockchain da suke gudana.

Darasi na III DApps

Tier III DApps suna amfani da Tier II DApps don yin aiki da kyau.

Misalan mafi kyawun DApps

Don kawo karshen wannan jagorar akan menene aikace-aikacen da aka raba, muna duba manyan kasuwanni.

Aikace-aikacen da aka raba: CryptoKitties

Wataƙila shine mafi shaharar DApp wanda tabbas kun ji a kafafen yada labarai. Cryptokitties wasa ne na tattara kittens na dijital da aka yi wa ado a kusa da jigogi daban-daban.

Wannan DApp ne wanda aka shirya a kai Ethereum blockchain (Dapp level II). Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin da suka wanzu. Amma duk da haka sun fashe cikin farin jini a cikin 2017 da 2018 musamman saboda sun kuma zama babbar kasuwa ga masu hasashe wadanda suka ga kasuwar ciniki tare da riba mai yawa.

Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan kittens na dijital 100% na musamman ne kuma na wanda ya saya. Ba za a iya sake su ba, lalata ko sace su.

CAD kasuwa

Kasuwancin stablecoin ya riga ya wuce biliyan 100 daloli. Don haka an samar da adadi mai yawa na DApps a kusa da wannan kasuwa. Ɗaya daga cikin misalan mafi nasara shine na Market DAO.

MarketDAO dandamali ne wanda ke ba ku damar siye stablecoins. Daga baya za ku iya canja wurin su zuwa dandamali kuma a musayar suna ba ku ƙayyadadden dawowar shekara-shekara wanda yawanci ke kusa da 6%.

Idan kun gane, aikin yana kama da banki. Ina ajiye kuɗina kuma a musayar suna ba ni dawowa. Bankin zai iya amfani da kuɗin da na ba su don ba da lamuni ga wasu kamfanoni waɗanda ke dawo da riba a kan lokaci.

Bambancin cewa MarketDAO (da kuma irin wannan dandamali) suna kawowa ga yanayin muhalli shine cewa suna sauƙaƙe isa ga samfuran kuɗi. Ba dole ba ne mai neman lamuni ya bi ta dogon lokaci da neman amincewar cibiyar ba da lamuni ta gargajiya.

IPSE

IPSE aikace-aikace ne na musamman a cikin muhallinta. Yana da matakin II DApp da injin bincike, kamar dai Google, Yahoo!, Bing ko Ecosia. Yana dogara ne akan Blockchain EOS.

IPSE ya bambanta da na gargajiya na gidan yanar gizo da muke amfani da su. Da farko, tana amfani da wata yarjejeniya fiye da ka'idar HTTP, IPFS (Tsarin Fayil na Fayil na Duniya).

Baya ga bambancin yarjejeniya, IPSE ba ta ƙunshi talla ba. Tsarin kasuwancin sa bai dogara da talla ba. Wannan sabon abu ne sosai, musamman idan aka kwatanta da injunan bincike kamar Google da sauransu.

A ƙarshe, bambanci na ƙarshe shine IPSE tana ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa sirrin mai amfani sosai. Ta wannan hanyar, injin binciken baya tattara bayanan mai amfani akan nau'in binciken da aka yi ko kuma a wane yanayi ake yin su. Tabbas, idan mai amfani yana so ya ba da gudummawar bayanai da son rai, za a ba su lada tare da alamun IPSE waɗanda za a iya siyar da su a kasuwar sakandare.

Kammalawa

Kasuwancin DApps, kamar kasuwar blockchain, yana da ban sha'awa kuma yana girma sosai. Sun zo ne don kawo mana wani sabon zamani na yuwuwar da za su ƙirƙira a duk sassan da ke da alaƙa da babban adadin bayanai da bayanai. Amma, kamar kowane sabon fasaha ko yanayi, dole ne ku kasance cikin shiri da horarwa sosai.

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