Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da fasahar BlockChain

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kun ci gaba da jin kalmar "fasahar blockchain", mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da cryptocurrencies. A zahiri, kuna iya mamakin " menene fasahar blockchain?

Yayin da blockchain ke ci gaba da girma kuma ya zama mafi aminci ga masu amfani, alhakin ku ne ku koyi wannan fasaha mai tasowa don shirya kanku don gaba. Idan kun kasance sababbi wannan labarin zai ba ku ƙarin bayani game da blockchain. Wasu cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a yau kuma suna tasowa akan blockchain.

A cikin wannan labarin, na gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da fasahar blockchain. Hakanan za ku koyi yadda yake aiki, dalilin da yasa yake da mahimmanci, da kuma yadda zaku iya amfani da shi don haɓaka aikinku.

Bari mu tafi

🌿 Menene Blockchain?

The blockchain, wani lokacin ake kira Fasahar Lantarki na Rarraba (DLT), yana sanya tarihin kowane kadari na dijital ba zai iya canzawa ba kuma a bayyane ta hanyar amfani da rarrabawa da hashing. 

Misali mai sauƙi don fahimtar fasahar blockchain shine a Google Doc. Lokacin da muka ƙirƙiri takarda kuma muka raba ta tare da gungun mutane, ana rarraba takaddar maimakon kwafi ko turawa. Wannan yana haifar da sarkar rarrabawa wanda ke ba kowa damar yin amfani da daftarin aiki a lokaci guda.

Babu wanda ya makale yana jiran sauye-sauye na wata jam'iyya, yayin da duk canje-canjen takardu suna shiga cikin ainihin lokaci, suna yin canje-canje gaba ɗaya a bayyane.

Blockchain na musamman mai alƙawarin da juyin juya hali. Yana taimakawa rage haɗari, kawar da zamba, da samar da gaskiya ta hanya mai ma'ana don ɗimbin amfani.

🌿 Ta yaya blockchain ke aiki?

Duk abin da ake nufi da amfani da blockchain shi ne a ba wa mutane damar, musamman waɗanda ba su amince da juna ba, su raba bayanai masu mahimmanci ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Blockchain ya ƙunshi mahimman tunani guda uku: tubalan, nodes da masu hakar ma'adinai.

✔️ Toshewa

Kowace sarkar ta ƙunshi tubalan da yawa kuma kowane toshe yana da abubuwa na asali guda uku:

• Toshe bayanai.
• Integer 32-bit da ake kira nonce. Ana haifar da nonce ba da gangan ba lokacin ƙirƙirar toshe, wanda sannan ya haifar da zantawar toshewar kai.
• Hash ɗin lambar 256-bit ne da aka yi aure da nonce. Dole ne ya fara da adadi mai yawa na sifili (watau ya zama ƙanƙanta sosai).

Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri toshe na farko a cikin sarkar, nonce yana haifar da zanta na sirri. Ana ɗaukar bayanan da ke cikin toshe ana ɗaukar sa hannu kuma ana ɗaure su har abada ba tare da zanta ba sai dai idan an fitar da su. 

✔️ Masu hakar ma'adinai

Masu hakar ma'adinai suna ƙirƙirar sabbin tubalan akan sarkar ta hanyar da ake kira kasa. A cikin blockchain, kowane toshe yana da nasa nonce da hash, amma kuma yana nufin hash na toshe na baya a cikin sarkar, don haka haƙar ma'adinai ba ta da sauƙi, musamman akan manyan sarƙoƙi.

Masu hakar ma'adinai suna amfani da software na musamman don magance matsalar lissafi mai sarƙaƙƙiya na gano abin da ba zai haifar da zanta mai karɓa ba. Tun da nonce kawai 32 bits ne kuma zanta shine 256, akwai kusan huɗu biliyoyin yuwuwar haɗaɗɗun mara-hash wanda dole ne a ciro kafin a gano daidai.

Lokacin da wannan ya faru, an ce masu hakar ma'adinai sun sami "zinariya nuncio” kuma an kara toshe su a cikin sarkar. Yin canji zuwa kowane toshe a baya a cikin sarkar yana buƙatar sake hako ma'adinai ba kawai toshe tare da canji ba, amma duk tubalan da ke zuwa bayansa.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da matukar wahala a sarrafa fasahar blockchain. Yi la'akari da wannan "aminci lissafi", saboda neman nonces na zinariya yana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da ikon sarrafa kwamfuta.

Lokacin da aka samu nasarar toshe toshe, ana karɓar canjin ta duk nodes a cikin hanyar sadarwa kuma ana ba mai hakar ma'adinin kuɗi.

✔️ A Nodes

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ra'ayoyin fasahar blockchain shine mulkin kai. Babu kwamfuta ko kungiya da za ta mallaki tashar. Maimakon haka, littafi ne da aka rarraba ta cikin nodes da ke da alaƙa da sarkar.

Nodes na iya zama kowane nau'in na'urar lantarki wanda ke kula da kwafin blockchain kuma yana kula da aikin hanyar sadarwa.

Kowane kumburi yana da nasa kwafin kansa na blockchain da hanyar sadarwa dole ne algorithically amince da duk wani sabon tubalan hakar ma'adinai na sarkar da za a sabunta, yarda da kuma tabbatar.

Tun da blockchains suna da gaskiya, kowane aiki a cikin littafin yana iya zama cikin sauƙi duba da gani. Kowane ɗan takara yana karɓar lambar tantance haruffa na musamman wanda ke nuna ma'amalarsu.

Haɗin bayanan jama'a tare da tsarin dubawa da ma'auni yana taimaka wa blockchain ya kiyaye mutuncinsa da gina amana tsakanin masu amfani. Mahimmanci, ana iya tunanin blockchains azaman scalability na amana ta hanyar fasaha.

🌿 Me yasa Blockchain ya shahara?

A ce kun tura kuɗi zuwa ga dangi ko abokai daga asusun bankin ku. Kuna shiga cikin banki ta kan layi sannan ku tura adadin zuwa wani mutum ta amfani da lambar asusunsa.

Lokacin da aka gama cinikin, bankin ku yana sabunta bayanan ciniki. Sauti mai sauƙi, daidai? Akwai wata matsala mai yuwuwa wadda yawancin mu ba mu manta da ita ba.

Ana iya sarrafa waɗannan nau'ikan ma'amaloli cikin sauri. Mutanen da suka san wannan gaskiyar sau da yawa suna ƙin yin amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan ciniki. Don haka haɓakar aikace-aikacen biyan kuɗi na ɓangare na uku a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Amma wannan raunin shine ainihin dalilin da aka kirkiro fasahar Blockchain.

Ta hanyar fasaha, Blockchain shine jagorar dijital wanda ke samun kulawa da yawa kwanan nan. Amma me ya sa ya zama sananne haka? To, bari mu tono cikinsa don fahimtar gabaɗayan manufar.

🌿 Amfanin Blockchain

Yawancin lokaci ayyuka suna ɓarna ƙoƙarin yin rikodin kwafi da tabbatarwa na ɓangare na uku. Don haka Blockchain yana ba da waɗannan fa'idodi:

✔️ Babban amincewa

Tare da blockchain, a matsayin memba na hanyar sadarwa na membobi kawai, za a iya tabbatar da cewa kun karɓi sahihan bayanai kuma masu dacewa, kuma za a raba bayanan sirrinku na blockchain tare da membobin cibiyar sadarwar da kuka ba da izini ta musamman ga su.

✔️ Karin tsaro

Ana buƙatar yarjejeniya kan daidaiton bayanai daga duk membobin cibiyar sadarwa, kuma duk ingantattun ma'amaloli ba za su iya canzawa ba kamar yadda aka rubuta su dindindin. Babu wanda, ko da mai kula da tsarin, zai iya share ma'amala.

✔️ Karin inganci

Tare da littafin da aka rarraba tsakanin mambobi na cibiyar sadarwa, an kawar da sulhu na rikodi mai cin lokaci. Kuma don hanzarta ma'amaloli, saitin dokoki - da ake kira kwangila mai wayo - ana iya adana shi akan blockchain kuma a aiwatar da shi ta atomatik.

🌿 Nau'in Blockchain

Akwai nau'ikan blockchain guda huɗu daban-daban. Waɗannan su ne:

✔️ Masu zaman kansu Blockchain Networks

Masu zaman kansu blockchains suna aiki akan rufaffiyar cibiyoyin sadarwa kuma suna yin aiki da kyau ga kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.

Kasuwanci za su iya amfani da blockchain masu zaman kansu don keɓance damar su da zaɓin izini, saitunan cibiyar sadarwa, da sauran mahimman zaɓuɓɓukan tsaro. Hukuma ɗaya ce ke sarrafa cibiyar sadarwar blockchain mai zaman kanta.

✔️ Jama'a Blockchain Networks

Bitcoin da sauran cryptocurrencies sun samo asali ne daga blockchain na jama'a, waɗanda kuma sun taka rawa wajen yaɗa fasahar rarraba leda (DLT). Jama'a blockchains kuma suna taimakawa kawar da wasu kalubale da matsaloli, kamar tabarbarewar tsaro da karkatar da jama’a.

Tare da DLT, ana rarraba bayanai akan hanyar sadarwar takwaro-da-tsara, maimakon a adana su a wuri ɗaya. Ana amfani da algorithm yarjejeniya don tabbatar da sahihancin bayanin; tabbacin gungumen azaba (PoS) da Tabbacin aiki (PoW) hanyoyi guda biyu ne da ake yawan amfani da su.

✔️ Hanyoyin Sadarwar Blockchain masu izini

Har ila yau, wani lokacin da aka sani da hybrid blockchains, izini blockchain cibiyoyin sadarwar blockchain ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke ba da dama ta musamman ga mutane masu izini.

Ƙungiyoyi yawanci suna kafa irin waɗannan nau'ikan blockchain don samun mafi kyawun duniyoyin biyu, kuma wannan yana ba da damar ingantaccen tsari lokacin sanya wanda zai iya shiga cikin hanyar sadarwar da kuma ma'amaloli.

✔️ Blockchain Consortium

Hakazalika da izinin blockchain, haɗin gwiwar blockchain suna da abubuwan jama'a da na masu zaman kansu, sai dai ƙungiyoyin da yawa za su sarrafa hanyar haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar blockchain guda ɗaya.

Ko da yake waɗannan nau'ikan blockchain na iya zama da wahala da farko don kafa su, da zarar an tashi da aiki za su iya samar da ingantaccen tsaro. Bugu da ƙari, haɗin gwiwar blockchain sun fi dacewa don haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi da yawa.

🌿 Inda zan yi karatun Blockchain?

Ko da yake sabuwar fasaha ce, akwai albarkatu da yawa waɗanda za mu iya fara ƙarin koyo game da wannan filin. Kula da inda za ku iya karatu!

✔️ Mafi kyawun Littattafan Blockchain

Mai haɓaka Blockchain littafi ne mai ban sha'awa sosai ga duk wanda yake so ya zurfafa fasaha na Blockchain don fara sababbin ayyuka ko ci gaba da ayyukan da ake ciki. Marubucin shine Elad Elrom kuma jagora ce mai amfani don ƙira, aiwatarwa, bugu, gwaji da kuma tabbatar da ayyukan tushen toshe.

Blockchain: Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu na Intanet littafi ne wanda Alex Preukschat ya daidaita kuma an samar da shi tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙwararru irin su Carlos Kuchkovsky, daga BBVA, Gonzalo Gómez, daga IECISA, Daniel Díez, daga Everis, da Iñigo Molero, daga OroFinanzas.com.

Wannan littafi ya bayyana yadda bayyanar blockchain a cikin 2009 ya haifar da sabon tsarin tattalin arziki bisa ga ƙaddamar da amincewa, inda za mu iya musanya kayayyaki da ayyuka ba tare da buƙatar wasu kamfanoni ba.

Littafin Satoshi sanannen aiki ne na Phil Champagne kuma ya tattara rubuce-rubuce da musayar ra'ayi da Satoshi Nakamoto ya yi sama da shekaru biyu. A cikin 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto ya buga bincikensa kuma bayan 'yan watanni, ya ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin, iri na masana'antar gabaɗaya yanzu da aka sani da blockchain.

Rubutun kalmomi sabuwar jagora ce ta masu saka hannun jari zuwa sabon ajin kadara gabaki daya. Marubuta sune Chris Burniske da Jack Tatar. Tare da haɓaka fasahar bitcoin, masu zuba jari suna da dama da yawa don saka hannun jari akan layi.

Blockchain juyin juya halin littafi ne na Don Tapscott da Alex Tapscott. Uba da ɗa sun ce blockchain zai tsara zamani na gaba na wadata - a cikin kuɗi, kasuwanci, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da mulki, da sauransu.

✔️ Blockchain Blogs

EthereumDev blog ne wanda ke gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani don fara haɓakawa a cikin duniyar Ethereum. Daga rubuce-rubucen na farko kwangila mai wayo gwadawa da hulɗa tare da blockchain tare da JavaScript. Mafi dacewa don nazarin Blockchain.

IBM kuma yana da blog Blockchain Pulse ƙware a Blockchain inda yake tattara kowane nau'ikan bayanan masana'antu, duka labarai da tattaunawa, labarai da ra'ayoyi daga masana a fagen.

Decrypt shafi ne da aka keɓe don magina da ƴan kwangila Web3. Manufar wannan matsakaicin ita ce baiwa masu karatu saitin kayan aiki don fahimtar tushen masana'antu.

CoinDesk shi ne dandalin watsa labaru na masu zuba jari na gaba da ke bincika yadda cryptocurrencies da dukiyar dijital ke ba da gudummawa ga juyin halitta na tsarin kudi na duniya. Manufarta ita ce sanar da, ilmantarwa da haɗa al'ummar zuba jari ta duniya ta hanyar labarai, bayanai, abubuwan da suka faru da ilimi.

Haɗin gwiwa shine jagorar kafofin watsa labaru na dijital wanda ke rufe labarai da yawa akan fasahar blockchain, kadarorin crypto da haɓakar fintech masu tasowa. Kowace rana, yana buga sabbin labarai daga duniyoyin da ba a san su ba kuma suna da kyau zaɓi don nazarin blockchain.

A karshe, Alastria ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke haɓaka tattalin arziƙin dijital ta hanyar haɓaka fasahohin Blockchain da ba a daidaita su ba. Ƙungiya ce mai fa'ida da yawa wacce ke samarwa da raba ilimi, tare da ruhin haɗin gwiwa, haɓaka tare da hangen nesa da manufa guda ɗaya.

✔️ Blockchain Tools

truffle shine tsarin blockchain na Ethereum wanda aka tsara don ƙirƙirar yanayin ci gaba don sauƙaƙe haɓaka hanyoyin tushen Ethereum. Bugu da ƙari, yana kuma haɗa da babban ɗakin karatu wanda ke goyan bayan rubuta sabbin kwangiloli masu wayo.

Metamask yana aiki azaman haɗi tsakanin mai bincike da a Ethereum blockchain. Bugu da ƙari, yana kuma samar da dandamali na software don hidimar Ether da sauran kadarori ERC-20. MetaMask tsawo ne mai binciken gidan yanar gizo ko toshe wanda ke ba masu amfani damar yin hulɗa da DApps cikin sauƙi daga Ethereum.

Get aiwatar da kumburin Ethereum ne bisa yaren shirye-shirye na Go. Kuna iya amfani da shi a cikin musaya daban-daban guda uku: m console, uwar garken JSON-RPC, da layin umarni.

hazo a halin yanzu shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don aiwatar da kwangiloli masu wayo kuma shine cikakken walat ɗin kumburi. Abubuwan ban mamaki na Mist wanda ya sa ya zama ɗayan mafi kyawun kayan aikin blockchain shine alamar Ethereum akan sa.

🌿 5 mafi girma blockchain

✔️ Ethereum (ETH)

Ethereum shine ka'idar blockchain da ake tunanin Vitalik Buterin, mai haɓakawa na Rasha-Kanada. Blockchain fasaha ce da ke ba da damar adana bayanai da kuma watsa su cikin gaskiya, amintaccen tsari kuma ba tare da cibiyar kulawa ba.

An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2015, Ethereum, blockchain na biyu dangane da kimantawa bayan Bitcoin, yana ba da damar haɓakar aikace-aikace masu rarraba, mai suna Dapps.

Ya bambanta da Bitcoin, wanda aka mayar da hankali kawai akan biyan kuɗi tsakanin abokan hulɗa. Dubun masu haɓakawa suna gina ƙa'idodi akan Ethereum don kuɗi, nishaɗi, gajimare, da masana'antar ƙasa. The Ethereum blockchain developer al'umma na daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi aiki a duniya.

Ethereum shine kan gaba na blockchain tare da $ 184,28 biliyan TVL a cikin ka'idoji 375. Shi ne matsayi #2 ta hanyar babban kasuwa da dala biliyan 450,22. Matsayinsa na Mcap / TVL shine 2,89927, wanda ke nuna cewa babban girman ETH shine kusan sau 3 jimlar adadin da aka saka a cikin hanyar sadarwa.

Babban Protocol ita ce Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa (CRV). TVL ta $22,4 biliyan da Mcap/TVL na 0,09024. rinjayensa shine 12,16% akan sauran ka'idojin blockchain.

✔️ Binance Smart Chain (BNB)

Ana iya siffanta Sarkar Smart Binance (BSC) a matsayin blockchain da ke aiki a layi daya da Sarkar Binance. Ba kamar Sarkar Binance ba, BSC tana ba ku damar tsara kwangiloli masu wayo kuma sun dace da Injin Virtual na Ethereum (EVM).

Manufarta ita ce a bar komai gudun ma'amala na Binance Chain yayin gabatar da kwangiloli masu wayo a cikin yanayin yanayin su.

A zahiri, blockchain biyu suna aiki tare. Za mu iya ɗaukar matsala don lura cewa BSC ba shine mafita ga matsalar scalability na nau'in Layer ba biyu ko kashe sarkar. Wannan hakika blockchain ne mai zaman kansa wanda zai iya aiki koda ba tare da Binance Chain ba.

Wancan ya ce, tashoshi biyu suna da kamanceceniya mai ƙarfi dangane da ƙira. Ƙara koyo game da bambanci tsakanin Binance Smart Chain da Binance Chain.

Binance Smart Sarkar matsayi na biyu don jimlar ƙimar kulle, tare da $20,68 biliyan TVL ya bazu cikin ka'idoji 246. Binance Coin matsayi na uku a fannin kasuwancin kasuwa da dala biliyan 88,63. Matsayinsa na Mcap/TVL shine 5,24438, wanda ke nuna cewa babban kuɗin BNB ya fi sau 5 yawan adadin da aka saka a cikin hanyar sadarwa.

Babban yarjejeniya ita ce dandali na PancakeSwap (CAKE). TVL ɗinta shine $8,03 biliyan da Mcap/TVL na 0,3806, tare da rinjaye 38,83% akan sauran ka'idojin blockchain.

✔️ Terra (LUNA)

Terra shine na uku mafi girma na blockchain ta jimlar kulle ƙima. TVL ɗin sa shine dalar Amurka biliyan 18,29 akan ka'idoji 14 kawai. Sarkar ce da ke da mafi ƙanƙanta ƙa'idodi a cikin manyan 5, koyaushe suna kaiwa babban ƙimar saka hannun jari.

Terra daraja a daraja 9 dangane da jarin kasuwa ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 31,38. Its Mcap / TVL index ne 1,73468, wanda ya nuna cewa babban birnin kasar na LUNA ne kasa da 2 sau fiye da jimlar adadin zuba jari a cikin cibiyar sadarwa. Kasance mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin 5.

Babban Protocol shine Anchor (ANC). TVL ɗin sa shine dala biliyan 8,51 tare da Mcap/TVL na 0,07695. Yana da rinjaye 46,53% akan sauran ka'idojin blockchain.

✔️ Zubar (AVAX)

ambaliyar ruwa shi ne na huɗu mafi girma blockchain ta jimlar darajar kulle, tare da $14,31 biliyan TVL a fadin 117 ladabi.

Zubar (AVAX) matsayi na 11 ta hanyar babban kasuwa ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 25,94. Matsayinta na MCap/TVL shine 2,16989. Wannan yana nuna cewa babban girman AVAX ya kusan sau biyu adadin adadin da aka saka a cikin hanyar sadarwa. Yana da mafi ƙasƙanci na biyu a cikin 2.

Babban yarjejeniya shine Aave (AAVE). Its TVL shine dalar Amurka biliyan 3,16 da Mcap/TVL na 1,06539, tare da rinjaye 22,08% akan sauran ka'idojin blockchain. Don zama babbar yarjejeniya ta MCap/TVL mafi girma da sauransu a cikin wannan filin.

✔️ Hagu (Hagu)

Solana shine sauran babban blockchain da zamu iya samu. Yana da lamba 5 a cikin jimlar ƙimar kulle, tare da TVL na dala biliyan 11,59 a cikin ka'idoji 41 kawai.

Solana yana matsayi a Na 5 a fannin kasuwancin kasuwa ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 54,16. Yana da rabon Mcap/TVL na 4,69662. Wanne yana nuna cewa girman girman SOL ya fi sau 4 girma fiye da adadin da aka saka a cikin sarkar. Wanda zai iya nuna kima na alamar, kamar a cikin BNB.

Babban yarjejeniya Raydium (RAY). Yana da TVL na dalar Amurka biliyan 1,59 da Mcap/TVL na 0,34154, tare da rinjaye 13,59% akan sauran ka'idojin blockchain.

🌿 a takaice

A karshen wannan bayyani, mun gane cewa blockchain ya fi a fasahar fasaha : yana ɗauke da zuriyar juyin juya hali na gaske. Godiya ga kaddarorinsa na rarrabawa, nuna gaskiya da tsaro, yana buɗe hanyar zuwa sabbin hanyoyin mu'amala tsakanin mutane, har ma fiye da cryptoassets.

Ƙa'idodin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki suke, ko an inganta su sarƙoƙi, ƙuri'un lantarki da ba su da ƙarfi ko raba bayanan likita. Kuma kawai ci gaba na gaba dangane da ƙima da ƙwarewar mai amfani zai ba da damar haɓaka waɗannan lokuta masu amfani.

Amma yuwuwar haƙiƙa ce don blockchain don cika alkawuran Intanet na darajar, inda amana a zahiri gina a cikin musayar. Tare da wasu sabbin abubuwa masu tasowa irin su basirar wucin gadi, ko shakka babu wannan fasaha za ta kasance babbar rawar da za ta taka wajen gina duniyar gobe.