He aha ka mea e ʻike ai e pili ana i nā ʻike kūʻai kālā?

ʻO kahi helu helu he ana o ka hana (nā hoʻololi kumu kūʻai) ma kahi mākeke kālā kikoʻī. Hoʻopili ia i ka piʻi a me ka iho o kahi hui i koho ʻia o nā waihona a i ʻole nā ​​​​waiwai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka hana ʻana o kahi waihona waiwai e hāʻawi i kahi ala wikiwiki e ʻike ai i ke olakino o ka mākeke kūʻai, alakaʻi i nā ʻoihana kālā i ka hana ʻana i nā kālā kuhikuhi a me nā kālā kālepa hoʻololi, a kōkua iā ʻoe e loiloi i ka hana o kāu hoʻopukapuka. Loaʻa nā waihona waiwai no nā ʻano āpau o nā mākeke kālā.

Hōʻike ka papa kuhikuhi o ka mākeke i ka maikaʻi o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe hoʻopukapuka kālā e hana nei. ʻOhi ia i ka ʻikepili mai nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana āpau. Hoʻohui pū ʻia kēia ʻikepili i kahi kiʻi e kōkua i nā mea hoʻopukapuka e hoʻohālikelike i nā pae kumukūʻai o kēia manawa me nā kumukūʻai i hala e helu i ka hana mākeke.

Ke nānā aku nei kekahi mau kuhikuhi i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka mākeke. No kekahi laʻana, ka Nasdaq index tracks the tech sector closely. No laila inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana, makemake paha ʻoe e nānā ka papa kuhikuhi waiwai o Nasdaq.

He ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā helu, me ka nānā ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā waihona a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hahai ana i nā tausani. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia papa kuhikuhi i kahi kumu kūʻokoʻa no ka mea makemake nā mea hoʻopukapuka like ʻole i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. I ka pōkole, ma kēia ʻatikala Finance de Demain ua ʻike i kekahi nui o ka ʻike ma nā papa kuhikuhi mākeke. Akā ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana, eia kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha ma ke kālepa pūnaewele.

E ka hele

He aha nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no nā waihona?

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻike waiwai no nā kumu nui:

• Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka hahai ʻana i nā hōʻailona waihonar he manaʻo maʻamau o ke olakino o ka mākeke kūʻai laulaha.
• Hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻike liʻiliʻi ka hana o kekahi mahele o ka makeke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mākeke holoʻokoʻa.
• Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e hoʻokomo i nā waihona pākahi akā makemake wale ʻoe e hoʻohālikelike ka hana makeke holoʻokoʻa, a laila, ʻo ke ala kūpono e loaʻa ai nā hoʻihoʻi ikaika i ka manawa, ʻo ia ke kālele ʻana i nā kālā index e hahai ana i nā hōʻike waiwai āu e makemake nui ai.

He mea maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i ka hana o ka mākeke me ka ʻole o ka hahai ʻana i ka piʻi a me ka iho o kēlā me kēia waihona. Wehe pū lākou i nā manawa hoʻopukapuka maʻalahi a hiki i nā mea hoʻopukapuka hou ke hoʻohana e komo i ka kūleʻa lōʻihi o ka mākeke kūʻai.

Pehea ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā waihona waiwai?

Ke hoʻohana nei kēlā me kēia papa kuhikuhi kūʻai kūʻai waiwai i kāna kumu ponoʻī e hoʻoholo ai i nā hui a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻopukapuka ʻē aʻe e hoʻokomo.

Hiki ke hoʻokomo wale i nā ʻoihana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano o ka nui o ka mākeke, a i ʻole ka huina kālā o kā lākou mau ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, hiki ke koho ʻia e ke kōmike o ka poʻe loea a i ʻole e hōʻike wale i nā lāʻau āpau e kālepa ana ma kahi hoʻololi.

Ke hoʻoholo ka luna kuhikuhi i nā hui e hoʻokomo, a laila pono lākou e hoʻoholo pehea e hōʻike ʻia ai kēlā mau hui i ka index, kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo index weighting.

Ma muli o ke kaupaona ʻana, hiki i nā hui āpau i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi index ke loaʻa ka hopena like i ka hana o ka index a i ʻole ka hopena ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka mākeke mākeke a i ʻole ka waiwai o ke kumukūʻai.

ʻO nā kumu hoʻohālike helu helu maʻamau ʻekolu:

ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana ma ka mākeke ʻoihana: i loko o ka market-cap-weighted index, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka papa kuhikuhi i nā waihona me ka nui o ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe. Me kēia hoʻolālā, ʻoi aku ka hopena o nā ʻoihana nui i ka hana index.

Heluhelu 'atikala: He aha ka papahana papahana a he aha kāna kuleana?

Kaulike me ke kaumaha: me ka helu helu helu like, hana like ka papa kuhikuhi i na mea a pau. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hana a kēlā me kēia hui e pili ana i ka index i ke ala like, inā he hui nui a liʻiliʻi paha lākou.

Ke kaupaona papa: hāʻawi ka papa kuhikuhi kumu kūʻai i kēlā me kēia hui i ke kaupaona ʻokoʻa e pili ana i kāna kumukūʻai kumukūʻai o kēia manawa. ʻO nā hui me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe aʻe ke kaumaha i kēia mau helu, me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou nui.

ʻO nā kumu kūʻai waiwai nui

Aia he mau kaukani o nā helu i loko o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. No ke kōkua ʻana iā ʻoe e loaʻa i kāu mau bearings, eia nā hōʻailona maʻamau āu e ʻike ai:

ʻO ka S&P 500 Index

ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona kaulana loa, ʻo ka S&P 500 ke ʻimi nei i ka hana o nā ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe 500 US, e like me ka hoʻoholo ʻana e ke kōmike o S&P Dow Jones Indices. ʻO ka S&P 500 kahi papa kuhikuhi i kau ʻia ma ka mākeke.

Heluhelu 'atikala: E hoʻomalu i nā kumukūʻai o ka papahana no ka loaʻa kālā nui aʻe

ʻO ka Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)

He haiki ko ka DJIA, e hahai ana i ka hana o na hui 30 U.S. i waeia e nā hōʻike S&P Dow Jones. Loaʻa nā kumukūʻai i loko o ka DJIA mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole, mai ka mālama olakino a hiki i ka ʻenehana, akā ua hui pū ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo lākou a pau nā ʻāpana blue chip.

'O ia ho'i, loa'a iā lākou kahi mo'olelo o ka hana kālā ikaika. ʻO ka DJIA kekahi o nā kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi i kaupaona ʻia.

ʻO ka Nasdaq 100

Hoʻopili ka Nasdaq 100 i ka hana o 100 o nā mea kūʻai nui loa a ʻoi loa i kālepa ʻia ma ka Nasdaq stock exchange. Hiki i nā ʻoihana Nasdaq ke loaʻa mai nā ʻoihana like ʻole, akā maʻamau lākou e pili ana i ka ʻenehana a ʻaʻole hoʻokomo i nā lālā o ka ʻoihana kālā. Hoʻohana ka Nasdaq 100 i ke kaupaona ʻana o ka mākeke.

IʻO ka helu helu helu NYSE

ʻO ka NYSE Composite Index kahi papa kuhikuhi piha e nānā ana i ka hana o nā waiwai āpau i kālepa ʻia ma New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Kaumaha ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o ka mākeke capitalization.

ʻO ka Russell 2000 Index

ʻOiai ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻoihana waiwai ʻē aʻe i nā ʻoihana nui loa ma kahi ʻāpana, ua ana ʻo Russell 2000 i ka hana o 2 o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kālepa lehulehu. ʻO ka Russell 000 kahi helu helu kaumaha o ka mākeke.

ʻO ka Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index

Hoʻopili ka Wilshire 5000 Total Market i ka hana o ka mākeke kūʻai kūʻai āpau o US. Kaumaha ʻia ka index e ka mākeke capitalization.

Pehea e heluhelu ai i ka papa kuhikuhi waiwai?

ʻAʻole kakaikahi ka waiwai o kēia manawa i ka helu ʻikepili mua. Akā, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waiwai i kekahi manawa (i kēlā me kēia lā, kēlā me kēia pule, kēlā me kēia mahina, kēlā me kēia hapaha, kēlā me kēia makahiki) ka mea maʻamau i nā mea hoʻopukapuka.

No ka laʻana, e hoʻohana kākou i ka NASDAQ 100 index i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. E ʻōlelo kākou i nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala iho nei, ua piʻi ka NASDAQ index i ka awelika o 12% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi maʻamau o ka helu NASDAQ ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki he 9%.

ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mākeke ma mua o kāna moʻolelo. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻailona i ka poʻe hoʻopukapuka kālā aia mākou i kahi mākeke bipi no nā kumukūʻai.

Akā, pehea ka hopena o ka index i kou ola?

I ka wā pōkole, ʻaʻole ia he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāu kōpili. Akā, ma keʻano he mea hoʻolimalima lōʻihi, he mea nui ka hana o ka index. Inā hoʻokomo kālā ʻoe i ke kālā like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​puʻupuʻu i hoʻokele ikaika ʻia, he mea nui e ʻike i ka maikaʻi o kāu mau hoʻopukapuka e pili ana i kā lākou pae.

Hiki ke hoʻolilo ʻia ʻoe i nā kālā/stocks i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka S&P 500 a me nā helu ʻē aʻe. A i ʻole e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kōpili e lohi ana i ka hana mākeke. ʻO ia paha ke ʻano o ke kālā index e lilo i kaʻa hoʻopukapuka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kāu hua manu.

Kaumaha helu helu

Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia waihona i kahi papa kuhikuhi. ʻOi aku ka mana o nā kumukūʻai me nā paona kiʻekiʻe i ka neʻe ʻana o ka papa kuhikuhi ma mua o nā mea kaupaona haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kaupaona i kā lākou waihona ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻekolu:

Nā hōʻailona kumu kūʻai hāʻawi i ke kaumaha i nā hui me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. No kekahi laʻana, i loko o kahi papa kuhikuhi hypothetical o ʻekolu mau kumukūʻai i kūʻai ʻia ma $70, $20 a me $10, e hōʻike ana ka waihona $70 i 70% o ka huina helu, me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui pili o ka hui. ʻO ka Dow Jones Industrials ka hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka helu helu kumu kūʻai.

Helu helu kaumaha makeke hāʻawi i ke kaumaha i nā ʻoihana me ka nui o ka mākeke mākeke. ka S&P 500 a me ka Nasdaq Composite ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻelua e like me Apple a me Microsoft ( NASDAQ: MSFT ) loaʻa nā kaupaona ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi e hana i nā ʻike.

Nā helu helu kaulike e hāʻawi i ke kaumaha hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia waiwai, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kumu kūʻai, ka nui o ka mākeke a i ʻole kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe.

Heluhelu 'atikala: ʻO nā mea a pau e pili ana i nā mea hana kālā

Aia kekahi mau helu waiwai ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano ponoʻī e hoʻokumu i ke kaupaona ʻana. No kekahi laʻana, hoʻokaʻawale kekahi mau helu i nā kaupaona e pili ana i nā ʻāpana i uku ʻia e kahi waihona.

ʻO ka hapa nui naʻe, ʻo ka mākeke-cap-weighted indices ka mea kaulana loa, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kālā index.

E waiho iā mākou i kahi manaʻo. Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana iā ʻoe, makemake wau e hoʻolauna iā ʻoe i kēia aʻo premium e haʻi iā ʻoe Pehea e hana ai i kāu ʻoihana ma ka pūnaewele.