Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za Islamic Finance

Ndizosangalatsa kukuwonaninso pabulogu iyi. Mwalandiridwa nthawi zonse. Lero ndikufuna kudziwa ngati ndinu okonda ndalama zachisilamu. Ngati inde, muli pamalo oyenera; pena werengani mpaka kumapeto. M'menemo ndikukufotokozerani mfundo za zachuma za Chisilamu. Mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi zidzakuthandizani kudziwa zoyambira zandalama zachisilamu.

Ndikupangira kuti muwerenge mpaka kumapeto. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuwongolera ndalama zanu m'masabata 6 okha, Ndikukupatsirani kalozerayu wothandiza kwambiri. Koma musanayambe, apa pali maphunziro omwe amakulolani kutero Pezani 1000euros/tsiku pa 5euros.com.

Mfundo 49 zazikulu zandalama zachisilamu

➤ Al-Ajr

Zimatanthawuza ku bungwe la chindapusa kapena malipiro omwe aperekedwa pazantchito zomwe wachita. 

➤ Al Rahn Al

Ndi dongosolo limene chuma chamtengo wapatali chimayikidwa ngati chikole pa ngongole. Chitsimikizocho chikhoza kusamutsidwa pakagwa vuto.

➤ Al Wadia

Ndi kugulitsanso katundu ndi kuchotsera pamtengo womwe udawonetsedwa poyamba. 

➤ Amana/Amana

Kwenikweni Amana amatanthauza kudalirika, kukhulupirika, kuona mtima. Mwaukadaulo: kufunikira kofunikira kwa gulu lachisilamu mu ubale wabwino.

Mawuwa amatanthauzanso ma depositi a escrow. Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi katundu m'malo mwa wina, nthawi zina motsatira mgwirizano. 

➤ Bai al Dayn

Uku ndikubweza ngongole. Ndiko kuti, kupereka ndalama zofunikira pakupanga, malonda ndi mautumiki monga kugulitsa / kugula zikalata zamalonda.

Bai al-Dayn ndi malo osakhalitsa omwe amakula osapitirira chaka chimodzi. Zolemba zokha zoimira ngongole zochokera kuzinthu zamalonda zomwe zingakambirane. 

➤ Bai Al-Arboon/'Arbun

Ndi mgwirizano wogulitsa momwe chitetezo chimapangidwira pasadakhale kulipira pang'ono kwa mtengo wazinthu zogulidwa. Ndalamayi imasungidwa ngati wogula akulephera kukwaniritsa udindo wake. Mgwirizanowu ndi wofanana ndi njira yachikale yoyimba.

➤ Bai Bithaman Ajil

Ndi mgwirizano wogulitsa katundu ndi malipiro ochedwetsa. Bankiyo imagula katundu wamkulu kapena katundu amene kasitomala wapempha ndiyeno nkumugulitsanso pamtengo womwe anagwirizana, kuphatikiza phindu lake.

Makasitomala amatha kulipira pang'onopang'ono pa nthawi yodziwika, kapena kulipira kamodzi. Mgwirizanowu ndi wofanana ndi mgwirizano wa Murabaha koma ndi malipiro ochedwetsa. 

➤ Bai Muajjal (mgwirizano woyimitsidwa)

Ndi mgwirizano wopereka zogulitsa katundu ndi malipiro ochedwetsedwa. Banki kapena wopereka ndalama amagula katunduyo (katundu) m'malo mwa kampaniyo. Kenako bankiyo imagulitsa katunduyo kwa kasitomala pamtengo womwe wagwirizana kuphatikiza phindu.

Kampaniyo imatha kulipira ndalama zonse mtsogolomo kapena kubweza pang'onopang'ono pakanthawi yomwe idakonzedweratu. Kontilakiti iyi ikufanana ndi ya Murabaha chifukwa ndi yogulitsanso ngongole. 

➤ Le Bai/Bay'

Ndi mawu otanthauza kugulitsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiyambi pofotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana zandalama zachisilamu. Mwachitsanzo, Bai al-Dayn.

➤ Baitul Mal

Ndi lingaliro lomwe limatanthawuza ndalama

➤ Charia

Ndilo malemba omwe amalamulira moyo wa Muslim. Ndi lamulo lachisilamu lotengedwa m'malemba opatulika a Koran ndi Sunnah.

➤ Zogwirizana ndi Sharia 

Ndi chikhalidwe cha opareshoni yomwe imatengedwa kuti ikugwirizana ndi Shariah.

➤ Komiti Yogwirizana ndi Shariah (Sharia Board)

Ndi komiti ya akatswiri azamalamulo achisilamu omwe amapereka upangiri ku bungwe lazachuma lachisilamu popanga zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Sharia. 

Ikuwonetsetsanso kuti ntchito zomwe banki ikuchita zikutsatira malamulo a Sharia. Komanso, kuti musapitirire kuchuluka kwa nkhaniyi, onaninso nkhani yathu ya Mphamvu ndi Zofooka za Sharia Control mu Islamic Banking.

➤ Koran

Ndilolemba lopatulika mu Chisilamu. Akubweretsa pamodzi m’ma sura ndi ma aya mavumbulutso omwe Mulungu adampatsa Mneneri Muhammad (SAW) kudzera mwa mngelo Gabrieli kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri (612-632 AD).

Kwa Msilamu wokhulupirira, Qur'an ndi kuunika kwa moyo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake lemba ili limawonedwa ngati gwero loyamba la malamulo achi Muslim

➤ Dayn

Dayn ndi dzina la ngongole mu ndalama zachisilamu. Ngongolezi sizikhala ndi chiwongola dzanja.

➤ Dirham

Ndi ndalama, nthawi zambiri ndalama yasiliva, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu m'maiko angapo achisilamu ndipo ikadali yovomerezeka mwalamulo m'maiko ena, monga Morocco ndi United Arab Emirates.

➤ Fatwa

Ndi ganizo, maganizo operekedwa ndi akatswiri a malamulo a Chisilamu. 

➤ fiqh

Izi ndi malamulo achisilamu. Imatchedwanso sayansi ya Sharia. Ndi gwero lofunikira lachuma cha Islamic. 

➤ Gharar

Amatanthauza kusatsimikizika. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu zoletsedwa muzachuma zachisilamu. Gharar ndi zotsatira zosatsimikizika zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha mawu osamveka bwino okhudzana ndi makontrakitala osinthira. 

➤ Hadith

Nkhani yake ndi iyi; Mbiri yakale ya mawu, mawonekedwe, zochita, kulephera, kuvomereza kwa Mtumiki Muhammad.

➤ haram

Ndi chikhalidwe cha chirichonse chomwe chiri choletsedwa. Chilichonse Chosaloledwa ncholetsedwa, choncho ndi haram.

➤ Chihawai

Mawu awa kwenikweni amatanthauza ndalama yosinthira, promissory note, cheke kapena kulemba. Mwaukadaulo, wobwereketsa amapereka udindo wolipira ngongole yake kwa munthu wina yemwe ali ndi ngongole yake. Choncho, udindo wolipira uli ndi munthu wina.

Hawala ndi njira yomwe imalola kukhazikitsidwa kwa maakaunti apadziko lonse lapansi potengera ma accounting. Zimachotsa kwambiri kufunikira kwa kusamutsa ndalama. Ilo limanena za zonena zopezeka muzachuma zachikhalidwe.

➤ Hawk 

Lingaliro ili likunena za chaka cha mwezi.

➤ Ijara

Ndi mgwirizano wobwereketsa pomwe banki imagulira kasitomala katundu ndikumubwereketsa kwa nthawi yokhazikika. 

➤ Ijara-wa-Iqtina

Ndizofanana ndi Ijara zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambapa, ndi kusiyana komwe kasitomala ali ndi mwayi wogula zabwino pamapeto a mgwirizano. 

➤ Ijma

Izi ndi mgwirizano, mgwirizano pakati pa akatswiri onse a Fiqh a nthawi imeneyo. Ndi imodzi mwa magwero anayi a Fiqh.

➤ Wapadera

Ndi mgwirizano womwe wopanga amavomereza kupanga ndikupereka zabwino kapena zomanga pamtengo womwe waperekedwa pa tsiku lamtsogolo. 

➤ Jahala umbuli

Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene, pamapeto a mgwirizano wogulitsa, mtengo sudziwika.

➤ Ju'alal

Kwenikweni amatanthauza mtengo woperekedwa popereka chithandizo. Mawuwa nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaukadaulo munjira yamabanki achisilamu. 

➤ kafalah

Ndi mgwirizano wa chitsimikiziro chomwe munthu wina amatsimikizira ngongole ya wothandizira ngongole. Udindo wa ngongole motsutsana ndi wobwereketsa umakhala ndi maphwando awiri a mgwirizanowo. Monga momwe zilili ndi mgwirizano wa Hawala, Kafala samapanga ndalama zilizonse kuposa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito.

➤ Mayisir

Mawuwa amanena za kutchova njuga. Chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu zoletsedwa muzachuma zachisilamu. Ndi chimodzi mwazoletsa zazikulu zitatu pazachuma zachisilamu pambali pa Ribâ ndi Gharar.

Kuletsedwa kwa Maysir nthawi zambiri kumakhala ngati maziko odzudzula miyambo yazachuma monga zongoyerekeza, inshuwaransi yachikhalidwe ndi zotuluka. 

➤ Mudaraba

Ndi mgwirizano wa mgwirizano pakati pa banki ndi kasitomala wake. Ndi njira yopezera ndalama yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabanki achisilamu momwe likulu limaperekedwa kwathunthu ndi banki pomwe gulu lina limayang'anira ntchitoyo.

Phindu limagawidwa molingana ndi kiyi yogawa yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pasadakhale ndipo zotayika zilizonse zimatengedwa ndi Investor. 

➤ Mudarib

Mu mgwirizano, munthu kapena gulu lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati kontrakitala limatchedwa Mudarib. 

➤ Muqayada

Ndi mgwirizano wa kusinthana kwa kuchuluka kwa x wa zinthu zopangira motsutsana ndi kuchuluka y kwa zinthu zina zosaphatikizirapo kusinthanitsa ndalama. Zochulukira zimakhazikitsidwa pamitengo yamisika yazinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa.

➤ murabaha

Ndi mgwirizano wandalama womwe wasainidwa pakati pa banki ndi kasitomala wake. Ndi mtundu wangongole womwe umalola kasitomala kugula zinthu popanda kutenga ngongole yobweretsa chiwongola dzanja. Banki imagula zabwino kenako ndikuzigulitsa kwa kasitomala mochedwetsa. 

➤ Musawama

Ingatanthauzidwe ngati mgwirizano wamakono wogulitsa momwe wogula sadziwa malire a phindu omwe wogulitsa amagwiritsira ntchito.

➤ Musharaka

Ndi bwenzi landalama penapake wofanana ndi Moudharaba momwe mikhalidwe yogawana phindu imatchulidwiratu ndipo zotayika zimayenderana ndi ndalama zomwe zidayikidwa. Ndi mtundu wa capital capital. 

➤ Nissab 

Ndi malire amisonkho omwe munthu amalipira Zakaat. Ndiwofanana ndi 85 magalamu a golidi kapena chuma choyerekeza pafupifupi ma euro 1500. Misonkho ya Zakat ndi 2,54%.

➤ Qard Hasan

Izi ndi ngongole zachifundo, zopanda chiwongola dzanja kapena phindu. Zili ngati chithandizo kuposa ngongole zamalonda. Njira imeneyi siigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi makampani ogulitsa.

Kumbali ina, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zina (pakakhala zovuta za munthu kapena kampani, kapena pamene tikufuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha magawo omwe akubwera).

➤ Rab Al Maal

Mosiyana ndi Mudarib mu mgwirizano wa mudaraba (entrepreneur), Rab-al-maal ndi munthu amene amaika likulu. 

➤ Rahn

Ndi mgwirizano womwe wothandizira amatsimikizira ngongole kudzera pachikole (chikole). Mgwirizano wamtunduwu umafuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha wobwereketsa. Ubwino wa mgwirizanowu ndikuti umalola wothandizira kupereka chuma chomwe ali nacho ngati chikole pomwe akugwiritsa ntchito ndi umwini wake.

➤ Riba

Ichi ndiye choletsedwa chachikulu pazachuma cha Chisilamu. Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu zoletsedwa muzachuma zachisilamu pamodzi ndi Gharar ndi Maysir. Kwenikweni amatanthauza kuwonjezeka kapena kuonjezera kosaloledwa.

Mwaukadaulo, chiwonjezeko chilichonse kapena phindu lililonse lomwe wobwereketsa amapeza lomwe ndi gawo la ngongoleyo. Mlingo uliwonse wopanda chiwopsezo kapena "wotsimikizika" pakubweza ngongole kapena ndalama umagwera pansi pa Ribâ.

➤ Salam

Ndi mgwirizano wopereka ndalama zolipiriratu katundu woperekedwa pambuyo pake. M'malo mwake, Salam ndi kugulitsa ngongole. Ndiko kuti, kasitomala amalipira katundu lero ndikuzilandira pambuyo pake atapanga kapena kupanga.

Ngakhale kuti palibe kugulitsa komwe kungatheke ngati katunduyo palibe pa nthawi ya mgwirizano, mtundu uwu wa malonda ndi wosiyana ndi malamulo a Muslim.

Zimaloledwa pokhapokha ngati katunduyo ndi tsiku loperekera zifotokozedwa. Malonda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhudza zinthu zakuthupi, kupatula golidi ndi siliva, zomwe zimawonedwa ngati zandalama.   

➤ suku

Izi ndi mgwirizano wa Chisilamu. Mofanana ndi chigwirizano chothandizira chuma, Sukuk ndi pepala lamalonda lomwe limapatsa wobwereketsa gawo la umwini muzinthu zomwe zili pansi ndikumutsimikizira kuti amapeza ndalama.

Bungwe lomwe likupereka liyenera kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zilipo kale kuti zigulitsidwe kwa osunga ndalama a Sukuk, powasamutsira ku bungwe lazantchito zapadera.

Otsatsa ndalama amasangalala ndi usufruct wazinthu izi, molingana ndi ndalama zawo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chiwopsezo cha woperekayo m'malo mwa chiwopsezo chenicheni chokhudzana ndi katundu yemwe ali ndi cholinga chapadera.

Sukuk ikhoza kulembedwa ndikuvotera kutengera msika womwe ukufunidwa koma Sizokakamiza. Sukuk nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ndi makampani, mabungwe ena azachuma ndi mayiko odziyimira pawokha. 

Onani nkhani yathu pa Sukuk: Islamic Bonds

➤ sunnah

Mawuwa akutanthauza miyambo yachisilamu yotengedwa ku chitsanzo cha moyo wa Mtumiki Muhammad. Chikalatachi chikusonkhanitsa zonena ndi matanthauzo onse a Mneneri kwa anthu.

➤ Takaful (Takaful)

Izi ndi ma inshuwaransi achisilamu. Zimatenga mawonekedwe a inshuwaransi yogwirizana ndi kuphatikiza ndalama, molingana ndi mfundo yothandizana. Mu dongosolo la Takaful, mamembala onse ndi inshuwaransi komanso eni ma policy.

Inshuwaransi yachikhalidwe ndiyoletsedwa mu Chisilamu chifukwa ili ndi zinthu zingapo za Haram monga Gharar ndi Ribâ. Mutha kuwona nkhani yathu ya inshuwaransi ya Chisilamu: Takaful

➤ Tawarruq

Iyi ndi mgwirizano wobwerera ku Murabaha. Iyi ndi njira yazachuma yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopeza ndalama zangongole pogula malo omwe amakhala ndi banki pang'onopang'ono.

Olembawo amavomereza banki kuti igulitse, m'malo mwawo, gawo lawo la malowo kwa munthu wina pogulitsa ndalama ndikuyika ndalama zomwe amagulitsazo mu akaunti yawo.

➤ Wadiah

Ndi ndondomeko yachisilamu yoyendetsera ndalama zomwe zilipo panopa kapena akaunti yosungira. M'mabanki achisilamu, ma depositi osungitsa kapena maakaunti osungira sapanga chiwongola dzanja.

Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe ma akauntiwa amagwirira ntchito, ndikupangira kuti muwerenge nkhani yathu Zomwe zili m'mabanki achisilamu.

➤ wakala

Mawu awa amamasulira mwanjira ina mgwirizano wa bungwe. Ndiko kunena kuti, kusankhidwa kwa munthu wina kuti agwire ntchito m'malo mwa bungwe lalikulu motsutsana ndi malipiro a komishoni.

🌿 Pitilizani ...

Muli ndi mfundo 49 zofunika pazachuma cha Chisilamu. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa, musaiwale kuwafunsa mu ndemanga. Zikomo chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwanu. Musananyamuke, apa pali maphunziro omwe amakuphunzitsani momwe mungagulitsire malangizo pa intaneti. Dinani apa kuti mugule.