Misika yachuma kwa dummies

Kodi ndinu watsopano pazachuma ndipo mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za momwe misika yazachuma imagwirira ntchito? Chabwino, mwafika pamalo oyenera. Misika yazachuma ndi mtundu wa msika womwe umapereka njira yogulitsira ndi kugula zinthu monga ma bond, masheya, ndalama, ndi zotumphukira.

Atha kukhala misika yakuthupi kapena yosawerengeka yomwe imalumikiza othandizira azachuma osiyanasiyana. Mwachidule, osunga ndalama amatha kupita kumisika yazachuma kuti apeze ndalama zambiri kuti akulitse bizinesi yawo kuti apeze ndalama zambiri.

Kunena momveka bwino, misika yazachuma ili ngati banki yomwe imasunga maakaunti kwa makasitomala ake ndipo imatha kugwiritsa ntchito madipozitiwo polipira anthu ndi mabungwe ena ndikulipiritsa chiwongola dzanja.

Osungitsa okha amapeza ndikuwona ndalama zawo zikukula chifukwa cha chiwongola dzanja chomwe amalipira. Chifukwa chake, banki imagwira ntchito ngati msika wazachuma womwe umapindulitsa onse omwe ali ndi ngongole komanso omwe ali ndi ngongole.

M'nkhaniyi, ndikupereka kwa inu BA BA ya misika yachuma. Kwa izi tidzakambirana za ntchito ya misika yachuma, kapangidwe kake ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamisika. Koma choyamba, apa pali maphunziro omwe amakulolani kutero Pezani 1000euros/Tsiku pa 5euros.com. Dinani apa kuti mugule

Udindo wa misika yazachuma

Misika yazachuma ndi nsanja zenizeni kapena zenizeni zomwe ochita zachuma amasinthanitsa zinthu zachuma. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupeza ndalama zamakampani. Kumbali ina, osunga ndalama amatha kuyika ndalama zawo zomwe asunga ndikuyembekeza kupindula pazachuma kapena katundu.

Magawo, ma bond ndi ngongole zina zimaperekedwa ndi Nations, akuluakulu aboma ndi makampani asanagulidwe ndi ogula. Izi zimatchedwa msika woyamba.

Ogula oyambawa amatha kugulitsanso zotetezedwa izi kuti abweze ndalama zomwe zimatchedwa msika wachiwiri. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ikapita pagulu kapena ikulitsa likulu lake, imakhala pamsika woyamba. Magawowo atapezeka, zokambirana pakati pa osunga ndalama zimachitika pamsika wachiwiri.

Misika yazachuma imapangitsa kuti athe kumaliza malonda muzaka zikwi zingapo za sekondi. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwirizanitsa zosowa zachuma ndi zosowa zachuma za osewera osiyanasiyana. Mwachidule, misika yazachuma imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandizira zachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zambiri:

• Misika yachuma imapereka malo omwe otenga nawo mbali monga osunga ndalama ndi omwe ali ndi ngongole, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake, adzalandira chithandizo choyenera komanso choyenera.
• Amapereka mwayi wopeza ndalama kwa anthu, mabizinesi ndi mabungwe aboma.
• Misika yazachuma imathandizira kuchepetsa ulova chifukwa cha mwayi wambiri wogwira ntchito womwe amapereka

Momwe mungamvetsetse momwe misika yazachuma imagwirira ntchito?

Nazi zinthu zofunika kuti mumvetsetse momwe misika yazachuma imagwirira ntchito: kapangidwe ka msika, omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsika, kuchuluka kwachuma, mitengo ndi kufalikira.

Kapangidwe ka msika wandalama

Misika yazachuma nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa chida chomwe chikugulitsidwa. Misika yamtsogolo, mwachitsanzo, idayamba ngati malo ogulitsa zinthu monga mafuta, zitsulo ndi ulimi, koma tsopano ikuphatikiza ma index a stock monga Dow Jones Industrial Average, ndi FTSE 100 neri Le DAX.

Msika waukulu kwambiri komanso wamadzimadzi padziko lonse lapansi ndi komwe amagulitsa ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo amatsegulidwa 24/24. Pomaliza, kudzera m'misika yamalonda ndi ngongole, osunga ndalama amatha kugulitsa katundu kuphatikiza masheya amakampani, zosankha, ndi ma bond aboma.

Otenga nawo gawo pamsika

Misika Yachuma imakhala ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Zimaphatikizapo maboma, mabanki apakati, mabanki akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi, hedge funds ndi ogulitsa malonda. Aliyense wa ophunzirawa ali ndi zolinga ndi chidwi chosiyana ndi ena. Zolimbikitsa izi zimatha kuyambira pamalingaliro amsika kupita kuchitetezo chazamalonda.

Mwachitsanzo, wamalonda akhoza kutchinga chiwopsezo chosinthana pazochitika zakunja, monga kupeza zida kapena kugulitsa ndi ndalama zakunja. Banki yapakati, kumbali ina, ikhoza kugula ndalama kuti iwonjezere nkhokwe zake.

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Osewera amsika akatswiri nthawi zambiri amagawidwa kukhala "mbali yogula" ndi "mbali yogulitsa". Mbali yogula imapangidwa ndi hedge funds ndi penshoni. Cholinga chawo ndi kubweza ndalama kwa osunga ndalama ndi anzawo poika ndalama pamsika.

Kuperekaku kumayendetsedwa ndi mabanki akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi, omwe ntchito yawo ndikuthandizira malonda kwa osunga ndalama.

Ogulitsa malonda nthawi zambiri si akatswiri omwe amagulitsa ndi likulu lawo kuti abweze ndalama zawo. Amapeza msika kudzera mwa ogulitsa pa intaneti ndipo amatha kugulitsa nthawi zonse kapena ganyu kuti awonjezere ndalama zawo zazikulu.

Liquidity ndi mtengo

Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zamsika kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwazomwe zimachitika nthawi iliyonse. Kuchuluka kwachuma kumatanthauza kuti wochita bizinesi akhoza kuyika malonda awo mosavuta pamtengo womwe akufuna ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti pali kuchuluka kwa malonda ofananira nawo.

Kutsika kwamadzi, kumbali ina, kumatanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa malonda ndikotsika ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kufananiza malonda a Investor ndi mnzake.

Kufalikira

Kufalikira ndiko kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wogula ndi kugulitsa, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa mtengo wabizinesi ndi mtengo wofunsa. Wogulitsa ndalama akagula chikole, amalipira mtengo wofunsira, koma akagulitsa, amalipira mtengo wabizinesi. Choncho, mu ndondomeko ya ndalama, wogulitsa ndalama amataya kufalikira.

Ndi chidwi cha Investor kuti kufalikira kumakhala kotsika kwambiri pogulitsa golide mwachitsanzo. Izi zitha kutheka popanga ndalama kudzera kwa broker kapena banki yodziwika bwino, komanso kuyika ndalama m'misika yamadzi ambiri.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya misika yazachuma

Pali misika yambiri yazachuma, dziko lililonse lotukuka limakhala ndi imodzi, ngakhale imasiyana kukula kwake. Zina ndi zazing'ono pomwe zina zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, monga New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) yomwe imagulitsa mabiliyoni a madola tsiku lililonse. Nayi mitundu ina yamisika yazachuma yomwe munthu angakhale nayo.

1. Msika wamsika

Msika wamasheya umagulitsa magawo a umwini wamakampani aboma. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi mtengo wake, ndipo osunga ndalama amapanga ndalama ndi masheya akamachita bwino pamsika. Ndikosavuta kugula masheya. Vuto lenileni ndikusankha masheya oyenera omwe angapangire ndalama kwa wogulitsa.

Pali ma indices osiyanasiyana omwe osunga ndalama angagwiritse ntchito kuyang'anira msika wamasheya. Ngati ndinu Investor ndiye dziwani kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma indices monga Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) ndi S & P 500. Masheya akagulidwa pamtengo wotsikirapo ndikugulitsidwa pamtengo wokwera, wogulitsa amapeza phindu pakugulitsa.

2. Msika wama bondi

Msika wa bond umapereka mwayi kwa mabizinesi ndi boma kuti apeze ndalama zolipirira projekiti kapena ndalama. Mumsika wama bond, osunga ndalama amagula ma bond ku kampani, ndipo kampaniyo imabwezera kuchuluka kwa ma bond mkati mwa nthawi yogwirizana, kuphatikiza chiwongola dzanja.

Mabungwe akafuna kupeza ngongole zazikulu kwambiri, amatembenukira kumsika wama bond. Mitengo ikakwera, mitengo ya bond imatsika.

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Pali mitundu yambiri yama bond, kuphatikiza ma treasury bond, ma corporate bond, ndi ma municipalities bond. Ma bond amaperekanso zina mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma chiziyenda bwino.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa mgwirizano pakati pa Treasury bond ndi Treasury bond zokolola. Mitengo ya Treasury Bond ikatsika, zokolola zimakwera kuti zibweze.

Pamene zokolola za Treasury zikukwera, chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja chimakweranso. Choyipa chachikulu, mitengo ya Treasury ikatsika, mtengo wa dollar umatsikanso. Izi zimakulitsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali, zomwe zingayambitse kukwera kwa mitengo.

3. Msika wazinthu

Msika wazinthu ndi komwe makampani amathetsa chiwopsezo chawo chakutsogolo pogula kapena kugulitsa zachilengedwe. Popeza mitengo ya zinthu monga mafuta, chimanga, ndi golidi ndi yosasinthasintha, makampani akhoza kutsekereza pamtengo wodziwika masiku ano.

Popeza kusinthanitsaku ndi kwa anthu, osunga ndalama ambiri amagulitsanso zinthu kuti apindule. Mwachitsanzo, osunga ndalama ambiri alibe cholinga chovomereza kutumiza kwakukulu kwa mimba ya nkhumba.

Nkhani yoti muwerenge : Zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza cheke cha banki

Mafuta ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'maiko ambiri azachuma. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe, zinthu zamafakitale, mapulasitiki, zotenthetsera komanso kupanga magetsi. Mitengo yamafuta ikakwera, mudzawona zotsatira zake pamitengo yamafuta pakatha sabata imodzi.

Ngati mitengo yamafuta ndi gasi ikhalabe yokwera, mudzawona zotsatira zamitengo yazakudya m'masabata akubwerawa.Msika wa commodity futures umatsimikizira mtengo wamafuta.

Makontrakitala amtsogolo ndi njira yolipirira zomwe zaperekedwa lero mawa. Amawonjezera mwayi wamalonda pomulola kuti abwereke ndalama zogulira katunduyo.

4. The zotumphukira msika

Msika woterewu umaphatikizapo zotuluka kapena makontrakitala omwe mtengo wake umachokera pamtengo wamsika wazinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa. Makontrakitala am'tsogolo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa pa msika wazinthu ndi chitsanzo cha chinthu chochokera.

Zotuluka ndi zinthu zovuta zachuma zomwe zimatengera mtengo wake pazachuma. Opanga ndalama zapamwamba ndi hedge funds azigwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa zomwe angakwanitse. Mu 2007, hedge funds inatchuka chifukwa cha kubweza kwawo kwakukulu kwa osunga ndalama.

Popeza ndalama za hedge zimayika ndalama zambiri m'tsogolomu, ena adanena kuti amachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa msika, choncho, mu chuma cha US. Malingaliro a kampani Hedge Fund Investments ngongole zanyumba ngozi ndi zinthu zina zotumphukira zinayambitsa vuto lazachuma padziko lonse la 2008.

Kutsiliza

Misika yazachuma imapanga njira yotseguka komanso yoyendetsedwa kuti mabizinesi apeze ndalama zambiri. Izi zimachitika kudzera m'misika yamasheya ndi ma bond. Misika imalolanso makampaniwa kuthetsa chiopsezo. Amachita izi ndi zinthu, ndalama zam'tsogolo ndi zina.

Musananyamuke, apa pali maphunziro omwe amakuphunzitsani momwe mungagulitsire malangizo pa intaneti. Dinani apa kuti mugule.