Misika yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Msika wogulitsa ndi msika umene osunga ndalama, kaya anthu kapena akatswiri, eni ake a akaunti imodzi kapena zingapo zamsika, amatha kugula kapena kugulitsa masheya osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, misika yabwino kwambiri yamasheya imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Amathandizira mabizinesi kukweza ndalama popereka magawo, ma bond kwa osunga ndalama kuti akweze bizinesi, zofunika ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndalama zazikulu, ndi zina.

Si ndiwe Investor kapena kungoti kampani yomwe ikufuna kutsegula likulu lake kwa anthu, ndiye kuti kudziwa zamisika yabwino kwambiri kudzakhala kofunikira kwa inu.

lero Finance de Demain Consulting amapereka kwa inu, malinga ndi capitalizations awo msika, misika yabwino masheya padziko lonse. Tisanakambirane nkhaniyi, choyamba timvetsetse kuti msika wamasheya ndi chiyani, omwe amadziwikanso kuti Stock Exchange.

Kodi Stock Exchange ndi chiyani?

msika wamasheya, Limadziwikanso kuti msika wogulitsa, ndi bungwe lomwe limalola munthu kapena kampani kugula ndi kugulitsa masheya. Zotetezedwa zitha kukhala masheya, ma bond operekedwa ndi kampani kapena boma ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zandalama pamalo agulu.

Kusinthanitsa kwamasheya kumapereka umembala kwa ma broker osankhidwa ndi mamembala omwe amakhala ngati amkhalapakati pakugula ndi kugulitsa masheya. Kusinthanitsa kumatsimikizira kutsatiridwa ndi ndondomeko zamalonda zachilungamo ndi kutsata zokhudzana ndi malonda okha. Kugulitsa masheya kuli ndi ma indices osiyanasiyana omwe amagwira ntchito ngati gawo lazaumoyo wachuma.

Masiku ano, pafupifupi kusinthanitsa kulikonse kulipo ngati misika yamagetsi. Mtengo wamsika wamagawo oyambira akampani ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mafuta, golide, mkuwa, ndi zina. zimatengera kufunikira ndi kupezeka pamsika pomwe ogula ndi ogulitsa amayika malamulo awo ophedwa.

Mbiri yamisika yamsika

Kusinthanitsa kwakale kwambiri komanso koyamba kunakhazikitsidwa kale zoposa zaka 400 ku Europe, ku Netherlands. Ma stock a Dutch East Indian adagwiritsidwa ntchito kugulitsa pamasheya. Udindo waukulu wa kusinthanitsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali ndalama zokwanira pamsika.

Kusinthanitsa kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino kwa onse okhudzidwa. Pali pafupifupi 60 malonda akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi.

Misika 10 yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Talemba mndandanda wamisika 10 yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kutengera ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi World Federation of Exchanges. Tiyeni tizipita.

1. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

NYSE ndi msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse, womwe uli pa 11 Wall Street, New York City, United States. NYSE ili ndi makampani pafupifupi 2400 omwe adalembedwa omwe akuphatikiza makampani ambiri abuluu monga Walmart, Berkshire Hathaway Inc, JP Morgan Chase, ndi zina zambiri.

Ndi imodzi mwazogulitsa zakale kwambiri zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu 1792. Chuma chamakampani onse omwe adalembedwa pa NYSE ndi pafupifupi $22,9 thililiyoni mu 2021.

Wapakati tsiku lililonse malonda ali pakati 2 ndi 6 biliyoni magawos. NYSE ndiye kusinthana kokha ku United States komwe kumapereka malonda apansi kwa amalonda akuluakulu. Amapereka malonda pazida zosiyanasiyana zachuma monga ndalama zogulitsirana (ETFs), masheya, ma bond ndi zina zingapo.

Mapangidwe a umwini wa NYSE adasintha mu 2006, pamene adalumikizana ndi Archipelago Holdings kupanga NYSE Group, Inc. Poyembekezera kusinthaku, mipando yotsiriza pa kusinthanitsa inagulitsidwa mu December 2005.

Onse okhala ndi mipando adakhala ogawana nawo Gulu la NYSE. Kuphatikizana ndi Euronext NV, gulu la European stock exchanges, linapanga kampani yogwira NYSE Euronext mu 2007. Mu 2008, NYSE Euronext inapeza American Stock Exchange (kenako inatchedwanso NYSE Amex Equities).

Mlozera waukulu wa kusinthanitsa uku ndi Mtengo wapatali wa magawo DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE.

2. NASDAQ

NASDAQ imayimira National Association of Securities Dealers Automated quotes. Ndi msika wachiwiri wabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Idakhazikitsidwa mu 1971, a NASDAQ ili pa 151 W, 42nd Street ku New York. Ndiwo msika wotsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wokhala ndi ndalama zokwana madola 10,8 thililiyoni.

Zogulitsa zoposa 3 zalembedwa pa NASDAQ ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa $ 000 trillion mwezi uliwonse. Makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo monga Microsoft, Google, Facebook, Tesla, Amazon, Apple, etc. zalembedwa pamenepo. Makampani omwe ali m'gulu la NASDAQ amathandizira 1,26% yamtengo wonse wamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mndandanda wa NASDAQ ulinso amatchedwa NASDAQ.

Pali zochititsa chidwi za msika wa NASDAQ zomwe mungadabwe kuzidziwa. Ilibe makampani omwe adalembedwa m'gawo lamafuta ndi gasi kapena gawo lothandizira. Amakonda kwambiri gawo laukadaulo, chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi ntchito za ogula.

3. The Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)

Tokyo Stock Exchange, wotchedwanso Tosho. Ndi yachitatu pamndandanda wamisika yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ili ku Tokyo, Japan. TSE idakhazikitsidwa mchaka cha 1878. TSE ili ndi makampani opitilira 3 omwe adalembedwa m'ndandanda omwe ali ndi capitalization yamsika yopitilira $500 thililiyoni.

Nikkei 225, ndiye benchmark yomwe imapanga magulu 225 amalonda aku Japan monga Honda, Toyota, Suzuki, Sony, Mitsubishi ndi ena ambiri.

Mudzadabwitsidwa kudziwa kuti TSE idayimitsa ntchito zake kwa zaka 4 nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha. TSE imalola mamembala kuti agulitse zotuluka, masheya apadziko lonse lapansi, ma bond, ndi zina. Akaunti ya TSE antchito oposa 1 ndipo amadziwika kwambiri powonetsetsa kuti malonda akutsatiridwa komanso kuyang'anitsitsa msika.

Komabe, ena omwe akuchita nawo msika adadandaula kuti kwazaka zambiri. Malinga ndi iwo, TSE yakhala yayikulu kwambiri komanso yovuta poyerekeza ndi kusinthanitsa kwina kwapadziko lonse lapansi. TSE ili ndi magawo asanu.

Gawo loyamba limatchula makampani akuluakulu ku Japan ndipo gawo lachiwiri limatchula makampani apakati. Pamodzi, zigawo ziwirizi zimatchedwa “ misika yayikulu ".

4. The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)

Shanghai Stock Exchange ndi umodzi mwamisika yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso yayikulu kwambiri ku Asia. Ili ku Shanghai, China ndipo ili pachinayi kutengera kukula kwa msika.

Kusinthana kumeneku kunakhazikitsidwa mu 1866 koma kudayimitsidwa mu 1949 chifukwa cha kusintha kwa China ndipo maziko ake amakono adakhazikitsidwa mu 1990.

Mu 2006, idalemba magawo amakampani a 842, omwe akuyimira ndalama zogulira msika pafupifupi 915 biliyoni US dollars.

Shanghai Stock Exchange idakwera ndi 130% mu 2006 kenako ndi 97% mu 2007, mphamvu yachuma yaku China idakopa mamiliyoni azachuma atsopano kumsika. Mu October 2007, a Kuphatikiza kwa SSE (main market index) adafika pachimake pa 6 points.

Iwo anavutika makamaka ndi mavuto azachuma 2008, kutaya kuposa 65,5% ya mtengo wake, kutha chaka cha 2008 pa mfundo 1, kuimira imfa ya 820 biliyoni madola mu capitalization msika. Masiku ano, SSE ili ndi makampani aboma opitilira 81 omwe adalembedwa papulatifomu yake ndi ndalama zophatikizika zamsika pafupifupi $3 thililiyoni.

Komabe, msika wamasheya uwu ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi omwe tawatchulawa. Apa, owongolera msika amakakamiza ophwanya madera kuti achepetse kusinthasintha kwamitengo. Nthawi zonse pakakhala nkhani zosasangalatsa kapena zosatsimikizika, boma la China limakhala ndi ufulu wosiya kugulitsa tsikulo.

5. Euronext: misika yabwino kwambiri yamalonda m'dera la euro

Ili ku Amsterdam, Euronext stock exchange imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamisika yabwino kwambiri ku Europe.

Ili pa nambala 1 paudindo wathu ndi makampani opitilira 300 omwe adalembedwa papulatifomu yake yokhala ndi ndalama zonse zamsika zopitilira $4,2 thililiyoni. Zizindikiro zake ndi'AEX-INDEX, le PSI-20 neri Le CAC 40. Kuchuluka kwa mwezi uliwonse kuli pafupifupi $ 174 biliyoni.

Euronext imagwiritsa ntchito misika yoyendetsedwa ndi ndalama komanso zotuluka. Kupereka kwake kumakhudza zinthu monga equities, ETFs (ndalama zosinthanitsa ndi zosinthana), ziphaso ndi ziphaso, ma bond, zotuluka mu equity, zotumphukira ndi ma indices.

Kusinthaku kumagwira ntchito pamsika woyendetsedwa ndi Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, Oslo, Dublin ndi Milan. Imagwira misika yoperekedwa ku ma SME ndi ETIs monga Euronext Growth ndi Euronext Access. Euronext imaperekanso ntchito kwa anthu ena.

6. Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE)

Hong Kong Stock Exchange, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1891, ili pa nambala XNUMX pamndandanda wamisika yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. HKSE benchmark index ndi index ya Hang Seng. Pali ngongole zonse za 1200 ndi makampani opitilira 2300 omwe adalembedwa pa HKSE, omwe pafupifupi 50% akuchokera ku China.

Ndalama zonse zamsika zamsika zonse zomwe zalembedwa za HKSE ndizoposa $4 thililiyoni. HKSE imapanga mabizinesi opitilira miliyoni imodzi patsiku ndi tsogolo la HSCEI.

Mu 2017, HKSE idachoka pamalonda akuthupi kupita pamalonda a e-commerce. Magulu ambiri akuluakulu monga HSBC Holdings, AIA, Tencent Holdings, China Mobile, etc. zalembedwa pa HKSE.

7. London Stock Exchange (LSE)

London Stock Exchange, yomwe ndi imodzi mwamisika yakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi yake komanso imayendetsedwa ndi London Stock Exchange Group. LSE, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1698, ili pa nambala XNUMX pamndandanda wamisika yayikulu komanso yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Inali msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mpaka nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itayambika. Pambuyo pake NYSE inasintha kuti ikhale msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itatha.

Komabe, LSE inakana zopereka ziwiri zogulira zomwe zinayambika ndi NASDAQ pakati pa 2006 ndi 2007. Mu 2007, idapeza Italy Stock Exchange yomwe ili ku Milan kwa 1,5 biliyoni ya euro kuti ipange London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). Masiku ano, pali makampani pafupifupi 3 omwe adalembedwa pa LSE ndi ndalama zophatikizika zamsika zoposa $ 000 triliyoni.

Makampani ambiri otsogola ku UK monga Barclays, British Petroleum, Vodafone, GlaxoSmithKline, BlackRock, Qatar Holding pakati pa ena adalembedwa pa LSE. Mndandanda waukulu wa msika uwu ndi ZOKHUDZA 250.

8. La Shenzhen Stock Exchange

Shenzhen Stock Exchange ili ku Shenzhen, komwe kumadziwika kuti Silicon Valley of China. Shenzhen ndi msika wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri ku China pambuyo pa Shanghai Stock Exchange yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa Disembala 1, 1990.

Shenzhen ndi yachisanu ndi chitatu komanso imodzi mwamisika yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ili ndi makampani opitilira 1400 omwe adalembedwa papulatifomu yake yokhala ndi mtengo wamsika wamsika pafupifupi $3,92 thililiyoni.

Makampani ambiri omwe atchulidwa pakusinthana uku amakhala ku China ndipo zochita zonse zamalonda zili mkati Yuan ndalama. Monga makampani ambiri omwe adatchulidwa amakhala ku China, boma la China lili ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuyimitsa malonda tsikulo ngati pangakhale nkhani yovuta kapena chochitika chomwe chikukhudza magawo. China ili ndi magawo awiri amasheya omwe amapezeka kwa osunga ndalama ndi amalonda

• A-magawo zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi ndalama zakomweko, Yuan
• et B Magawo zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi madola aku US kwa osunga ndalama akunja

Mndandanda waukulu wa msika uwu ndi Chithunzi cha SZSE.

9. The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE)

Toronto Stock Exchange ndi yake ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi TMX Group. TSE idakhazikitsidwa mu 1852 ndipo ili ku Toronto, Canada. TSE ili ndi makampani pafupifupi 2 omwe ali ndi ndalama zokwana $200 thililiyoni.

Zida zingapo zachuma monga ma trust amalonda, masheya, ma bond, zinthu, ma ETF, ndi zina zambiri. amagulitsidwa pa Toronto Stock Exchange ndi pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse malonda a $97 biliyoni.

Kusinthana kumeneku posachedwapa kudapanga mitu yophatikizana ndi London Stock Exchange, koma mgwirizanowu udatha pomwe eni ake adakana pempholi. Mndandanda waukulu wa msika uwu ndi ndi S&P/TSX.

10. Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

Bombay Stock kuwombola, msika wakale kwambiri wamasheya, womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu 1875 ku Asia. Ili pa malo khumi pamndandanda wamisika yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. BSE yomwe ili pa Dalal Street, India ili ndi makampani opitilira 5 omwe adalembedwa papulatifomu yake. Msika wonse wa BSE waposa $500 thililiyoni.

BSE ndi kwathu S&P BSE SENSEX benchmark index, acronym for sensitive index. Sensex imapangidwa ndi masheya 30 omwe akuyimira magawo osiyanasiyana azachuma. Makampani ambiri a blue chip monga Reliance Industries, Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Tata Steel ndi mbali ya BSE SENSEX Index.

Musananyamuke, nayi maphunziro apamwamba omwe angakuthandizeni kuwongolera ndalama zanu.