Zomwe zili m'mabanki achisilamu

Les zambiri zamabanki achisilamu ndi ambiri. Ngakhale mabanki wamba amatengera kubwereketsa ndi chiwongola dzanja, mabanki achisilamu adakhazikitsidwa mfundo zosiyana kwambiri zolamulidwa ndi malamulo achisilamu (Sharia). Mfundozi zimabweretsa zinthu zambiri zapadera pakugwira ntchito ndi ntchito zoperekedwa ndi mtundu uwu wa banki.

Ndi kukwera kwa ndalama zachisilamu m'zaka zaposachedwa, mabanki omwe amalemekeza malamulo a Chisilamu kukulitsa chidwi, m'mayiko achisilamu komanso m'malo azachuma aku Western. Zabwino zawo masiku ano kuposa madola 1500 thililiyoni padziko lonse lapansi!

Chifukwa cha nkhaniyi, palibenso zinsinsi kwa inu pazomwe mabanki achisilamu ali komanso momwe amasiyana ndi mabanki akale. Mudzadziwa momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe amapereka kwa makasitomala awo.

Kodi mwakonzeka kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza momwe mabanki amagwirira ntchito? Koma musanayambe, nayi protocol yomwe imakulolani kuti mupange yanu bizinesi yoyamba pa intaneti.

🌽 Kodi banki yachisilamu ndi chiyani?

Mabanki achisilamu ndi banki iliyonse yomwe yadzipereka kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za malamulo a Sharia pamabanki ake.

Imatanthauzidwanso ngati bungwe lazachuma lomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukopa ndalama zandalama ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera kuti zitsimikizire kuwonjezeka kwawo molingana ndi Malamulo a Sharia.

Kutanthauzira uku kumatchula zinthu zofunika zomwe mabanki achisilamu (IB) ali chofunika kulemekeza. Ndizokhudza kutsata miyezo yodziwika ya malamulo a Sharia, kaya pakupanga, kugawa, kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kusunga ndalama mkati mwadongosolo lonse lazachuma.

Chifukwa chake, BI imatha kufotokozedwa ngati banki yomwe ili ndi malamulo apadera omwe amapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana zotsatizana ndi Sharia kwa makasitomala ake. Kutanthauzira uku kukuwonetsa mawonekedwe a banki yachisilamu.

Makhalidwe a banki yachisilamu

Mosiyana ndi mabanki wamba (BC), mabanki achisilamu alimabanki ololedwa kuchita ntchito yaukadaulo. Amaloledwa kuchita ntchito zawo mofanana ndi zofanana ndi zomwe amachitira nthawi zonse. Mosasamala kanthu za malamulo omwe akugwira ntchito m'dziko lililonse kumene amakhazikitsidwa.

Amapereka mautumiki ndikusunga ubale wamabanki ndi makasitomala awo molingana ndi Miyezo ya Islamic Sharia. Ma BI ayenera kupewa machitidwe ena monga kubweza ngongole (riba), zongoyerekeza ndi kusatsimikizika.

Kusiyanaku kwagona pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe ziyenera kukhala motsatira malamulo a Sharia ndikutengera malamulo amasiku ano achisilamu.

IBs imakhala ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa obwereketsa ndi anthu omwe akufuna kubwereka ndalama. Chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti ntchito zoperekedwa ndi ma BI ndizofanana ndi zomwe ma BC amaperekedwa malinga ngati zolinga zake ndi zofanana, kukhutiritsa kasitomala.

Ngati mu classical Finance lamulo lomwe limayang'anira zisankho za wothandizira zachuma ndikukulitsa phindu, phindu sicholinga chokhacho Othandizira achisilamu. Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikukuwonetsani kusiyana pakati pa banki yachikhalidwe ndi banki yachisilamu.

BI imakonda mabizinesi muzinthu zogwirika, imagawana phindu ndi zotayika moyenera ndi anzawo komanso imalimbikitsa kubweza ndalama kwama projekiti.

📜 Gulu la Islamic Financial Institutions

Mabungwe azachuma achisilamu amatha kugawidwa motsatira njira zingapo. Kutengera zochita zawo, malo awo kapena ngati ntchito zawo zachuma ndi zachisilamu kwathunthu.

✔ Kugawikana molingana ndi momwe zimakhalira

Kutengera zochita zawo, kusiyana kumapangidwa pakati pamakampani a inshuwaransi, Mudharaba, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono achisilamu ndi mabanki achisilamu.

Ma BI atha kukhala mabanki azamalonda kapena ogulitsa, kapena mabanki abizinesi kapena mabanki. Mabanki osungitsa ndalama ndi omwe ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikugulitsa ngongole ndi kulandira ma depositi ndi nthawi kuchokera kwa anthu.

Amatchedwa mabanki osungitsa ndalama, omwe ntchito zawo zimakhala ndikupereka ngongole kwazaka zopitilira ziwiri. Mabanki amalonda, kumbali ina, ndi omwe ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi, kuwonjezera pa kupereka ngongole, kupeza ndi kuyang'anira katundu.

✔ Kugawa malinga ndi malo

Kutengera malo awo, timasiyanitsa mabanki omwe amagwira ntchito m'maiko onse " Chisilamu » ndi omwe amagwira ntchito m'maiko omwe si Asilamu.

Poyamba, mabanki amayendetsedwa ndi lamulo limodzi. Pachiwonetsero chachiwiri, iwo ali pansi pa malamulo awiri a zachuma (Chisilamu ndi ochiritsira) omwe amagwirizana kwambiri.

✔ Kugawikana ngati ntchito zawo zachuma ndi zachisilamu kapena ayi

Malinga ndi muyeso uwu, kusiyana kumapangidwa pakati pa mabanki achisilamu kwathunthu ndi omwe ali ndi makaunta kapena mazenera achisilamu okha. Komabe, kuvomerezeka kwa mazenera achisilamuwa sikudziwika bwino. Pali chiwopsezo chenicheni chosakaniza zotuluka zovomerezeka ndi zosavomerezeka (osati molingana ndi malamulo achisilamu).

🌿 Zowopsa zomwe zimachitika pamabanki achisilamu

Kuphatikiza pa zoopsa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, pali zoopsa za mabanki achisilamu. Iwo amagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi chikhalidweMabanki achisilamu.

Komanso, mfundo 3P zimabweretsa ziwopsezo zina monga ngozi zamalonda zomwe zachotsedwa, chiopsezo chachitetezo, chiwopsezo cha mbiri, chiwopsezo chotsekeredwa, chiwopsezo chalamulo komanso chiwopsezo chachipembedzo.

🔰 Chiwopsezo chabizinesi chosunthidwa kapena kusintha

Le chiwopsezo chabizinesi, Chofunika kwambiri, chimachokera ku akaunti zogwirizanitsa ndalama zomwe zimafuna kugawana phindu ndi zotayika pakati pa banki ndi omwe ali ndi akauntiyi.

Chiwopsezochi chimabwera chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kwa chiwopsezo chokhudzana ndi ma depositi kwa omwe ali ndi banki. Nthawi zina, omwe ali ndi masheya amadzipeza akukakamizika kusiya gawo lina la phindu lawo kuti alipire osunga ndalama. Izi ndi cholinga chopewa kuchotsera kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mitengo yochepa yobwezera.

Ngati m'lingaliro phindu likugawidwa mu chiŵerengero cha mgwirizano usanachitike ndipo zotayika pa katunduyo zili pa udindo wa omwe ali ndi akaunti, pochita mfundo yogawana phindu lenileni ndi omwe ali ndi akaunti yogulitsa ndalama ndizotalikirana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'mabanki achisilamu.

Nthawi zina banki imadzipeza ikulephera kulipira ndalama zobwezera zofanana ndi zomwe zimagawidwa ndi mabanki ena. Izi nthawi zina zimakakamiza osunga ndalama kuti atenge ndalama zawo ndikuziyika kubanki ina yomwe ingawapatse kubweza kwabwinoko.

Chifukwa chake, BI iyenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kubweza kapena kuchepetsa gawo la phindu lomwe likupita kwa eni ake.

🔰 Kulowetsedwa kwa chiwopsezo cha ngongole ndi chiwopsezo cha msika

Kuchuluka kwa maphwando omwe akukhudzidwa nawo nthawi imodzi kumawonetsa banki pachiwopsezo cha ngongole komanso kuwopsa kwa msika. THE chiopsezo cha "kusokonezeka" zikugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti zochitika zambiri zachisilamu zimakhala zapatatu.

Chitsanzo cha mgwirizano murabaha akuwonetsa bwino mawonekedwe a kusintha kwachiwopsezo. Zowonadi, kupereka ndalama kwa kasitomala murabaha, a BI ayenera choyamba kupeza katunduyo kenako ndikugulitsanso kwa kasitomala. Potero, iye amasamutsa umwini wa katunduyo kuchokera ku banki kupita kwa wogula katunduyo.

Chiwopsezo chomwe banki ikuwonekera chimasinthidwa kuchoka ku chiopsezo cha msika potsatira kusungidwa kwa katundu wakuthupi pa tsiku lopeza ku chiopsezo cha ngongole pa nthawi yogulitsanso katundu kwa kasitomala. Kenako timalankhula za kulowerera kwa chiwopsezo cha ngongole komanso kuwopsa kwa msika.

🔰 Kuopsa kwa mbiri

Pamalingaliro opikisana ndi ma BC, ma BI amakonda kukonda zinthu zomwe zimafanana ndi za BC. Tikuwona kuti ma BI nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makontrakitala ogulitsa osati makontrakitala ogawana nawo. THE mbiri chiopsezo Choncho ziyenera kutengedwa mozama.

Ikhoza kupitirira kupitirira kubanki yokha ndikusokoneza makampani a zachuma achisilamu. Choipa kwambiri, chithunzi cha banki chikanakhala chovuta kwambiri kubwezeretsa, ngakhale patapita zaka zingapo.

Chifukwa chake chidaliro chamsika ndichofunika kwambiri pakukweza ndalamazi zomwe cholinga chake ndikutenga nawo mbali komanso " juste ".

🔰 Chiwopsezo cha Fiduciary

Mbiri yake ikatayika, ma BI adzakumana ndi chiopsezo china chotchedwa fiduciary risk. Ichi ndi chiopsezo kuti makasitomala adzataya chidaliro mu banki awo kutsatira kusatsata ntchito zamabanki. Izi ndizomwe zimawononga chithunzi cha banki ndikupangitsa kutaya chidaliro.

🔰 Kuopsa kwalamulo

Ichi ndi chiopsezo cha milandu ndi co-kontrakta chifukwa cha zolakwika m'magawo a mgwirizano. Chiwopsezochi chitha kulumikizidwanso ndi zolakwika zamalamulo, kusamveka bwino kapena kusayenerera kwa zolemba zamalamulo ndi zowongolera.

Ngozi iyi ikhoza kulumikizidwa ndi kulephera kwa ntchito zamalamulo. Kupezeka kwawo kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwachuma mwachindunji kapena kosalunjika kwa BI.

🌿Kuwongolera zoopsa zamabanki achisilamu

Njira zogwirira ntchito zamaakaunti ogawana nawo ndalama zimapangitsa ma BI kukhala pachiwopsezo chakukhwima. Apanga luso lazamalonda ndalama ndi ndalama zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti awonjezere kukula kwa chuma chawo.

Ngakhale kukhala kwanthawi yayitali. Izi zimawonjezera mipata yakukhwima ndikubweretsa zovuta kasamalidwe ka katundu. Monga ziwopsezo zamabanki achisilamu, tasiya ziwopsezo, chiwopsezo chachitetezo, chiwopsezo chambiri, chiwopsezo chachipembedzo, ndi zina zambiri.

🔰 Lkusamutsidwa kapena kusamutsidwa ngozi zamalonda

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chiwopsezo chazamalonda chomwe chachotsedwa ndi choyipa kwambiri mu BI. Zimachokera ku kusakhazikika kwa zobweza pazachuma zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa muakaunti yogawana nawo.

Chiwopsezochi chimadziwonetsera ngati mtengo weniweni wa kubweza uli wotsika kuposa zomwe amayembekezera omwe ali ndi akaunti. Kuti athane ndi chiopsezo chamtunduwu, mabanki nthawi zambiri amapanga njira zowongolera zoyenera.

Zotsatira zake, atha kuchita zinthu zingapo zomwe zimathandizira kubweza ndalama kumaakaunti oyika ndalama kuti apatse omwe ali ndi maakauntiwa chiwongola dzanja chofanana ndi momwe amabwereranso m'mabanki ena.

Njira zochepetsera kubweza zimadalira makamaka kusamutsa ndalama mokomera omwe ali ndi maakaunti oyika ndalama komanso kukhazikitsa nkhokwe.

BI imatha kusintha chiŵerengero chogawana phindu komanso malipiro ake Mudarib. Zowonadi, gawo la phindu la banki lidatsimikiza poyamba ndi gawo lalikulu. Ngakhale gawo lomwe limagawidwa limasiyanasiyana kutengera nthawi yobwerera.

BI ikhoza kuchepetsa kapena kusiya ntchito yake Mudarib m'munsimu gawo la mgwirizano. Pachifukwa ichi, ipereka kwakanthawi phindu laling'ono kapena zotayika zazikulu kwa eni ake. Ndipo izi kuti apindule omwe ali ndi akaunti ya ndalama.

Kuphatikiza apo, mabanki atha kupitiliza kusonkhanitsa ndalama kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi masheya poyika ndalamazi pamlingo wokulirapo. Izi molingana ndi Zofunikira za Basel II ndi III.

🔰 Kuwongolera zoopsa za mbiri

Zowopsa za mbiri ndizovuta kuzizindikira, kutsitsa, chulukitsani motero muchepetse. Izi Zowopsa ndizobadwa nazo khalidwe ndi zochita za anthu. Momwemonso, zowopsa nthawi zina za kukhala munthu m'modzi, nthawi zina zaulesi wachipembedzo ndizomwe zimachitika pazisankho zamunthu.

Ma BI azitha kudziteteza ku izi pokweza digirii umphumphu ndi makhalidwe abwino, anakana mpaka kufika pamlingo wa munthu aliyense payekha. M'malo mwake, mabanki achisilamu amavutika ndi kusowa kwa akatswiri odziwa bwino ndalama zachisilamu.

Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chamtunduwu, maphunziro a ogwira ntchito kapena kuphunzitsidwanso ndi zatsopano ndi maulalo ofunikira. Komanso, Ma IBs ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wamalingaliro kuti athe kuwerengera zoopsa zamtunduwu. Pochita izi, BI ikhoza munthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ntchito ndi kukhulupirika zomwe zimagwirizananso ndi zochita za anthu.

Ulamuliro wamabanki achisilamu

Ulamuliro Mabanki achisilamu ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Oyang'anira mabanki achisilamu ndi odziyimira pawokha ndipo ali ndi ufulu wonse pakusankha ndalama. Kuti izi zitheke, omwe ali ndi CIP amalowa zoopsa zazikulu ndi kukhala ndi njira zochepetsera zochepa.

Komabe, ndizovuta kuwona mwachindunji machitidwe a banki kapena kupeza zidziwitso zina. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, njira yothandiza kwambiri ikuwoneka ngati malipiro a banki monga woyang'anira.

Malipirowa amadalira mwachindunji kubweza kwa katundu omwe amaperekedwa ndi ma akaunti ochita nawo ndalama. Kusamvana kulinso pakati pa atsogoleri ndi a komiti ya advisory cangachite. Chifukwa mphamvu za komitiyi ndizochepa.

Kulondola koteroko mu malipoti apachaka kumapereka lingaliro lomveka bwino la mphamvu yomwe ilipo pakati pa komiti yolangizira ndi mutu wa bungwe.

🌿 Njira zoyendetsera mabanki achisilamu

Mwa tanthawuzo, makina ndi msonkhano wa ziwalo zamakina, zina zomwe zimatha kusuntha poyerekeza ndi zina.

Kusonkhana uku sikupanga cholimba. Dongosolo loyang'anira ndi bungwe lodziyimira palokha lomwe ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za ubale wa bungwe. Ulamuliro wa banki umasiyanitsidwa ndi kufunikira kwa njira, zakunja ndi zamkati.

M'mabanki achisilamu, gawo lina, gawo lachipembedzo (komiti ya Sharia mwachitsanzo), imawonjezeredwa kunjira izi.

✔ Malamulo akubanki achipembedzo

Chimodzi mwazinthu zaulamuliro wamabanki achisilamu chili pamlingo wamalamulo. Apo malamulo amabanki ndiye njira yoyamba yoyendetsera mabanki achisilamu.

Ndi mfundo yoyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira ntchito zamabanki, poziyika kuti zigwirizane ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana. Cholinga chake ndikuwongolera zoopsa ndikusunga chitetezo cha osunga ndalama komanso kukhazikika kwadongosolo lazachuma.

M'mabanki achisilamu, malamulo amachokera ku miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi AAIOIFI ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, komiti ya Basel.

Udindo womwe umayendetsedwa ndi malamulo mu BI ndi womwewo mu BC. Komabe, paudindowu palinso gawo lachipembedzo la malamulo, lomwe limawonetsetsa kuti machitidwe akutsatira malamulo achisilamu. Ikufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti mabanki amakwaniritsa mokhulupirika zomwe Sharia idakhazikitsidwa.

✔ Bungwe la Otsogolera

Le gulu la oyang'anira ndi bungwe lalikulu m'mabanki achisilamu. Mkhalidwe wofananira wa khonsoloyi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira za kayendetsedwe ka banki Kuti apeze khonsolo iyi, ofuna kusankhidwa akuyenera kukwaniritsa zina.

(a) Akhale m’chipembedzo cha Chisilamu 

Mchitidwe wamabanki omwe amachitika m'mabanki achisilamu amafuna kuti mamembala a board azikhala odziwa bwino zamalamulo achisilamu. Choncho, mamembalawa amasankhidwa pakati pa Asilamu.

Izi zikuwonetsa nkhawa yosunga chikhulupiliro pakati pa banki ndi makasitomala ake. Kukhalapo kwa membala wosakhala Msilamu kungapangitse banki kutsutsana ndi mfundo zake.

(b) Gwirani kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe amafunidwa ndi zolemba zamagulu

Mamembala a board of directors ayenera kukhala ndi magawo ochepa omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo.

Magawo awa ndi osankhidwa, osasinthika ndipo amatsimikizira kuyang'anira bwino kwa membala wa komiti ya oyang'anira. Kusachotsedwa kwa mamembala kumatha pamene woyang'anira asiya ntchito zake.

(c) Kusagwera m’kusagwirizana

Cette dongosolo si wamba ku mabanki onse achisilamu. Mabanki ena amatengera izi ndikulongosola kuti membala wa board sangakhale ndi udindo wina kubanki kupatula wapampando wa board of directors (PCA), kapena wa general manager (DG).

✔Komiti ya Sharia

Kukhalapo kwa komiti ya Sharia ndi gawo lazambiri zamabanki achisilamu. Sharia Council ndi bungwe loyima palokha la oweruza okhazikika pazaulamuliro wazamalonda achisilamu.

izi ndi bungwe lazachipatala lopangidwa ndi akatswiri a malamulo achisilamu omwe ali pamwamba pa mtsinje amapereka malingaliro azamalamulo okhudzana ndi zovomerezeka za ntchito ndi zinthu zoperekedwa ndi banki ndi omwe amatsikira pansi amatsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingalirowa.

Amakumana kumapeto kwa chaka chilichonse chandalama kuti afufuze momwe banki ikugwirira ntchito zachuma ndi zachuma. Ntchito zake zazikulu zimatsimikiziridwa ndi AAOIFI ndi IFSB. Mishoni za khonsolo ya sharia ndizowirikiza kasanu:

• Thandizani mabungwe azachuma pakupanga mapangano ndi zogulitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi mfundo za malamulo achisilamu;
•  Tsimikizani kuvomerezedwa kwa zida zachuma kudzera kunenepa;
•  fufuzani kuti malondawo agwirizane ndi fatwas zoperekedwa;
•  fufuzani mawerengedwe ndi kuthetsa kwa chachikhumi ;
•  Gawani ndalama zosagwirizana ndi Sharia ku zachifundo.

✔ Kusankhidwa ndi mapangidwe a mamembala a komiti ya Sharia

M'zochita, kusankhidwa kwa mamembala a makhonsolo a sharia kumachitika potengera chisankho cha board of director kapena kukambirana pamsonkhano waukulu. Woyang'anira nthawi zambiri amakonda njira yomaliza.

Malinga ndi mfundo zomwe bungwe la AAOIFI lakonza, khonsolo ya sharia ili ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha mamembala atatu (03). Zisaphatikizepo mtsogoleri wa bungwe kapena wogawana nawo yemwe ali ndi chikoka chachikulu. Kukula kwa khonsoloyi kumasiyana malinga ndi mabanki ndipo imatha kufikira mamembala asanu ndi awiri (07).

✔ Mbiri ya mamembala a komiti ya Sharia

Kapangidwe ka makhonsolo Sharia ndi chisankho chanzeru. M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito katswiri wazamalamulo wodziwika kumatha kulimbikitsa mbiri komanso kudalirika kwa banki pakati pa makasitomala ake.

Oweruza awa nthawi zambiri amatsatira maphunziro apadera a malamulo a Sharia omwe amaperekedwa m'mayunivesite achisilamu.

Kuphatikiza zidziwitso zambiri, ma Ulama kapena Sharia Scholars ndi akatswiri azachuma achisilamu. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopereka fatwa yawo pa khalidwe halal ou haram ya mgwirizano, bizinesi, kapena malonda azachuma. Maulamawa akuyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha zamulungu, zachuma, ndi a luso langwiro la fiqh.

✔ Njira zogwirira ntchito za makomiti a Sharia

Mu komiti ya sharia, muli pulezidenti ndipo mwinamwake wotsatila. Bungwe likhoza kupereka zina mwa mphamvu zake ku komiti yayikulu yomwe iwonetsetse kupezeka kokhazikika. Bungwe la ma sharia ili litha kupeleka nkhaniyi ku board of directors ngati pali kusiyana maganizo pankhaniyi. Komitiyi imayang'anira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za banki ndikuwonetsetsa kuti Shariah ikutsatiridwa.

Pomaliza, titha kunena kuti zomwe zimayang'anira mabanki achisilamu zili pakugwira ntchito kwa mabungwe atsopano monga komiti ya Sharia.

💰 Maakaunti achisilamu osungitsa ndalama ndi ma depositi

Ponena za kusonkhanitsa ma depositi, mabanki achisilamu amapereka njira ziwiri zovomerezeka:

Mudaraba Investment accounts

Maakaunti a ndalama za Mudaraba ndi mtundu wa akaunti yachisilamu yomwe imalola osunga ndalama kuti agawane phindu ndi zotayika za polojekiti yogulitsa. Mu akaunti yamtunduwu, wogulitsa ndalama amapereka ndalama zomwe zimafunikira kuti wochita bizinesi amalize ntchito, pomwe wochita bizinesi amapereka ukatswiri wake ndi ntchito.

Phindu lopangidwa ndi pulojekitiyi limagawidwa pakati pa Investor ndi wamalonda malinga ndi chiŵerengero chomwe chinagwirizana kale, pamene zotayika zimatengedwa ndi mwiniwakeyo yekha.

Izi zimathandiza osunga ndalama kuti atenge nawo mbali pazachuma zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mfundo zandalama zachisilamu, zomwe zimaletsa chiwongola dzanja chambiri. Maakaunti a ndalama za Mudaraba amapereka njira ina yabwino yomwe imagwirizana ndi mfundo zachipembedzo kwa osunga ndalama achisilamu.

Musharaka participation accounts

Maakaunti otenga nawo gawo mu musharaka ndi mtundu wina wa akaunti yachisilamu yomwe imalola maphwando angapo kutenga nawo gawo pazachuma popanga ndalama. Muakaunti yamtunduwu, osunga ndalama amapereka ndalama zofunikira pantchitoyo ndikugawana phindu ndi zotayika malinga ndi mtengo wawo.

Mosiyana ndi maakaunti a ndalama za mudaraba, osunga ndalama muakaunti ya musharaka amakhalanso ndi mwayi wopereka nawo gawo pakuwongolera polojekiti. Izi zimakonda kuwonekera komanso kuyankha mgwirizano pakati pa omwe akukhudzidwa.

Maakaunti otenga nawo gawo a Musharaka amapereka mwayi kwa osunga ndalama achisilamu njira ina yogwirizana ndi mfundo zandalama zachisilamu, ndikugogomezera kutenga nawo mbali mwachilungamo komanso kugawana zoopsa.

💳 Zogulitsa ndi ntchito zamabanki zoyenera

Kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamabanki zamakono potsatira Sharia, mabanki achisilamu amapereka zinthu zoyenera:

Maakaunti apano ndi maakaunti osungira

Kuwunika maakaunti ndi maakaunti osungira ndi ziwiri mitundu yamaakaunti aku banki nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu komanso mabizinesi. Maakauntiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuchita zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku, monga kulipira mabilu ndi kugula zinthu, pomwe maakaunti osunga ndalama amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga ndalama pakapita nthawi.

Amalola omwe ali ndi akaunti kuti asungitse ndikuchotsa ndalama nthawi iliyonse, popanda malire afupipafupi kapena kuchuluka. Amaperekanso ntchito monga macheke, makhadi obwereketsa, ndi kusamutsidwa ku banki kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosavuta.

Kumbali ina, maakaunti osunga ndalama amapangidwa kuti alimbikitse kusunga nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amapereka a chiwongola dzanja chokwera kuposa maakaunti apano, koma chepetsani kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zingachotsedwe komanso ndalama zomwe zingachotsedwe.

Maakaunti osunga ndalama angaphatikizeponso zinthu monga ziphaso zosungitsa ndalama ndi maakaunti osungitsa mukapuma pantchito kuti athandize makasitomala kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo zanthawi yayitali.

Makhadi aku banki

Makhadi amaperekedwa ndi chindapusa cholowera kapena ntchito yokhazikika yapachaka yosakhudzana ndi zowonongera.

ngongole za ogula

M'mabanki achisilamu, ngongole za ogula zidapangidwa kuti zizilemekeza mfundo zandalama zachisilamu, zomwe zimaletsa chiwongola dzanja chambiri (riba) ndi Kulingalira mopambanitsa. M'malo molipira chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole, mabanki achisilamu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopezera ndalama potengera mapangano ogwirizana ndi Sharia.

Chimodzi mwazomangamanga zambiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ya Murabaha. Pachifukwa ichi, banki imagula zabwino zomwe kasitomala akufuna ndikuzigulitsanso pamtengo wapamwamba, ndikulipira pang'onopang'ono kuvomereza pasadakhale. Izi zimathandiza wogula kugula katunduyo popanda kulipira chiwongoladzanja, koma polipira mtengo wapamwamba pa nthawi inayake.

Nyumba ina yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ya Ijara, yomwe ili zofanana ndi renti ndi kugula njira. Banki imagula malo ndikubwereketsa kwa kasitomala kwa nthawi yoikika, ndikulipira pafupipafupi. Pamapeto pa mgwirizano, wogula akhoza kugula zinthuzo pamtengo womwe wagwirizana kapena kuzibwezera kubanki.

Ngongole zogulitsa nyumba

Ngongole zogulitsa nyumba ndi ngongole zoperekedwa ndi mabanki ndi mabungwe azachuma pogula kapena kumanga nyumba, monga nyumba kapena nyumba. Ngongolezi zimalola obwereketsa kuti azipeza ndalama zogulira malo pomwe akubweza ndalama zomwe adabwereka ndi chiwongola dzanja pa nthawi yodziwika.

M'mabanki achisilamu, ngongole zanyumba zimakonzedwa kuti zilemekezedwe mfundo za chuma cha Chisilamu. Mabanki achisilamu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zandalama zotsatizana ndi Sharia kuti apereke njira zina zopanda chiwongola dzanja (riba) m'malo mwa obwereka.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Murabaha. Pamenepa, banki imagula malo omwe wobwereka akufuna ndikugulitsanso pamtengo wapamwamba, ndikulipira kagawo kakang'ono komwe adagwirizana pasadakhale. Izi zimathandiza wobwereka kuti atenge malowo popanda kubweza chiwongola dzanja, koma popereka mtengo wokwera pa nthawi yoikika.

Dongosolo lina lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi la Ijara, zomwe zikufanana ndi kubwereka ndi mwayi wogula. Banki imagula malowo ndikubwereketsa kwa wobwereka kwa nthawi yokhazikika, ndikulipira pafupipafupi. Pamapeto pa mgwirizano, wobwereka akhoza kugula malowo pamtengo wogwirizana kapena kubweza ku banki.

Inshuwaransi ya Chisilamu (takaful)

Inshuwaransi ya Chisilamu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti dzina la Takaful, ndi zinthu za inshuwaransi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mfundo zandalama zachisilamu. Mosiyana ndi inshuwaransi wamba, yomwe imachokera pa lingaliro la kusamutsa chiwopsezo ku kampani ya inshuwaransi, inshuwaransi ya Chisilamu imakhazikika pamikhalidwe yogwirizana komanso kugawana zoopsa.

Mu inshuwaransi ya Chisilamu, otenga nawo mbali perekani ndalama zothandizira anthu onse kuphimba zowopsa pamodzi. Wotenga nawo mbali akawonongeka kapena kuwonongeka, ali oyenera kulandira chipukuta misozi kuchokera ku thumba ili.

Choncho, m’malo molipira ndalama za inshuwaransi, otenga nawo mbali amapereka zopereka m’dziwe lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kubweza ngongole.

🎓 Mapeto

Mabanki achisilamu ndi mabungwe azachuma omwe amalemekeza mfundo zandalama zachisilamu, makamaka poletsa kusonkhanitsa kapena kupereka chiwongola dzanja (ribâ). Kuthamanga, tsopano akuimira pafupifupi 2 biliyoni madola achuma padziko lonse lapansi. Koma ndi zotani zachitsanzo chawo poyerekeza ndi ndalama wamba?

Choyamba, mabanki achisilamu amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yogawana phindu ndi kutayika. M'malo mobwereketsa ndalama posinthanitsa ndi chiwongoladzanja chokhazikika, amaika ndalama mwachindunji m'mapulojekiti azachuma ndikugawana zotsatira, zabwino kapena zoipa, za ndalamazi ndi makasitomala awo.

Amayang'ananso ntchito zomwe iwo amachita muziona kuti n’zoyenera. Masewera amwayi, kugulitsa mowa kapena zida, malo olaula, pakati pa ena, ndizoletsedwa. Cholinga chake ndikungopereka ndalama zothandizira anthu onse.

Pomaliza, mabanki achisilamu amalipira gawo lina la phindu lomwe amapeza ku mabungwe othandizira, mwa njira yachifundo. wotchedwa zaka. Misonkho iyi yachisilamu ndi gawo la DNA yawo.

Kuseri kwa zinthu izi kuli ndalama zozikidwa pa kugawana, makhalidwe abwino ndi chifundo. Koma kodi zotsatira za konkire za chitsanzo ichi ndi chiyani? Izi ndi zimene tiona m’nkhani yotsalayo.