Kumvetsetsa bwino zachuma zamakampani

ndalama zamakampani zimabweretsa pamodzi mbali zonse zandalama zokhudzana ndi bungwe. Izi ndizinthu zokhudzana ndi ndalama zogulira ndalama, banki, bajeti, ndi zina. Cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa phindu la eni ake kudzera mukukonzekera zachuma kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwakanthawi. Ntchito iliyonse kapena gawo lomwe likukhudza Finance ya bungwe ndi gawo lazachuma chamakampani.

M'malo mwake, bungwe limafunikira ndalama zothandizira ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana, ntchito ndi ma projekiti. Iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pali ndalama zokwanira pa gawo lililonse la chitukuko chake: kuyambira pakukhazikitsidwa mpaka kukhwima.

Pabwalo lamasewera kuyambitsa, kampaniyo ikufunika ndalama zopangira zida zake zoyambira, monga kukhazikitsa mafakitale, kugula makina, ndi zina.

Pa siteji ya Kukula kwake, ikufunika ndalama zothandizira kukulitsa bizinesi yake polowa nawo mabizinesi ophatikizana ndi kuphatikiza ndi kugula komanso kulipirira zosowa zake zogwirira ntchito.

Munkhaniyi, Ndikupereka kwa inu BA BA yazachuma chamakampani.

Kodi Corporate Finance ndi chiyani?

Zandalama zamabizinesi zimaphatikizapo zisankho zandalama zomwe bungwe limapanga pochita bizinesi yake yatsiku ndi tsiku. Cholinga chake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito likulu lomwe likupezeka ku bungwe kuti lipange ndalama zambiri panthawi imodzi ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zisankho zina.

Chifukwa chake, zisankho zamabizinesi zomwe zimaphatikizapo chigamulo chokhudzana ndi kuzindikiritsa magwero a ndalama zamakampani omwe amapereka ndalama ndi zosankha zachuma zamabizinesi.

Zandalama zamakampani zimayang'anira ntchito zonse zachuma zofunika kuchita bizinesi. Ndi ntchito yonse mu kampani.

M'makampani akuluakulu, padzakhala dipatimenti yazachuma yotsogozedwa ndi CFO yokhala ndi gulu la akatswiri azachuma, omwe angayang'anire ndalama za kampaniyo.

Ntchito zake zikuphatikiza kulosera, kukonzekera, kudziwa momwe ndalama zingakhalire, kukweza ndalama zokwanira, kupanga ndondomeko yazachuma, kukambirana pazachuma ndi kupanga zisankho zogawira magawo.

Komabe, mubizinesi yaying'ono, wochita bizinesi akhoza kuyendetsa yekha ntchito zachuma.

Kodi ndalama zimatanthauza chiyani?

M’mbali zonse za moyo wathu, tiyenera kudziŵa mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito bwino ndalama zathu. Izi ndi zomwe tinazitcha ndalama zaumwini. Pankhani yamabizinesi, ndikofunikira kuti eni mabizinesi akhazikitse ndikukhazikitsa njira zokonzekera kuti bizinesiyo ikhalepo.

Otsatsa amayenera kufunafuna zobweza ndi kulandira zobweza, osatenga chiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kuchita bizinesi yopambana kumatanthauza kupindula kwambiri ndi ndalama zomwe mwapeza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake omwe ali ndi masheya ayenera kupereka ndalama zokwanira zogulira, zanthawi yayitali komanso zazifupi.

Njira imodzi yowonjezerera phindu lamakampani ndi "kugwiritsa ntchito bwino" chuma cha wina, mwachitsanzo, njira ya "thepindulira ". Njirayi imaganiza kuti ndalama zobwereka zimayendetsedwa bwino ndipo zimachita bwino kusiyana ndi ndalama.

potsiriza, kukhala ndi ndalama ndi inshuwaransi ndalama zofunikira popanga kapena kuyendetsa bizinesi, bungwe, projekiti, ndi zina.

Kuchuluka kwandalama zamakampani

Chimodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu zandalama zamakampani ndikukweza mtengo wa omwe ali nawo. Ntchito ya CFO ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndalama zoyendetsera bizinesiyo zilipo.

Kupatula kupereka ndalama, ndalama zamakampani zimaphatikizana, kugula zinthu, ndi zina zomwe zimakhudza ndalama zamakampani. Kasamalidwe ka projekiti, misonkho, kasamalidwe ka ndalama ndi zina mwa ntchito zandalama zamakampani.

Komabe, ntchito zazikulu zandalama zamakampani zikuphatikiza ndondomeko zachuma, bungwe lazachuma, kuyika ndalama anapeza ndi kasamalidwe ka ndalama.

Kukonzekera zachuma

Kukonzekera ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachuma zamakampani. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi monga kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zikufunika, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zopezera kuchokera kunja, magwero omwe angapezeke kuti apeze ndalama, ndi momwe ndalamazo zingagwiritsire ntchito phindu.

Ngati ndalama zikukonzekera bwino, ndiye kuti kuyendetsa bizinesi kungakhale kosavuta.

Bungwe lazachuma

Ndalama zikasankhidwa, ntchito yotsatira yandalama zamakampani ndikupeza ndalama. Magwero osiyanasiyana andalama zamabizinesi ndi awa:

• Ngongole zochokera ku mabungwe ndalama
• Ndalama zochokera ku venture capitalists
• Ma overdrafts ku banki ndi ngongole kubanki
• Landirani ma depositi kuchokera kwa anthu
• Bond nkhani ndi magawo
• Ngongole yamalonda kuchokera kwa ogulitsa
• Ngongole zanyumba pa katundu
• Kubwereketsa kapena kugula ganyu
• Thandizo lochokera ku boma kapena mabungwe ena

Kuyika ndalama

Ndalama zikapezeka, ziyenera kuyikidwa mubizinesi. Izi zimatchedwa capital budgeting.

Pali zinthu ziwiri apa: likulu lokhazikika et ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Likulu lokhazikika limatanthawuza kugulidwa kwa zinthu zokhazikika monga malo, nyumba, ndi makina.

Ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimatanthauza ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, kugula zinthu zopangira, kulipira lendi ndi malipiro, ndi zina. Zimapezedwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa zinthu zokhazikika ndi katundu wokhazikika wa kampani.

Kusamalira ndalama

Kuwunika pafupipafupi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ndalama ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera ndalama mubizinesi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kukweza masheya ndiye cholinga chachikulu chandalama zamakampani.

Nkhani yoti muwerenge: Zonse zokhudza zachuma zamakhalidwe

Chifukwa chake, kuwonetsetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, kupewa kuwononga ndi kuzunza, komanso kupeza phindu lalikulu pazachuma ndichinthu chomwe gulu lazachuma liyenera kuyang'anapo.

Izi zikuphatikizanso kuyang'anira zoopsa. Pali zida zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza mapulogalamu omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusamalira ndalama moyenera.

N’chifukwa chiyani ndalama zamakampani zili zofunika kwambiri?

Zifukwa zomwe ndalama zamabizinesi ndizofunikira ndi izi:

• Choyamba, zimathandiza kupanga zisankho. Chisankho chilichonse chotengedwa chiyenera kuganizira za kupezeka kwa ndalama.
• Zolinga za bungwe, kaya zazifupi kapena zazitali, zili nazo amafuna ndalama. Kaya ndi phindu, kukula kwa kasitomala; ndalama zimafunika kukwaniritsa zolinga
• Kenako, zimalola kukweza likulu lofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa kampaniyo.
• Pomaliza, ndalama ndizofunikira pakukulitsa bizinesi, kusiyanasiyana, ndi zina.

Popanda ndalama, bizinesi singagwire ntchito. Ndalama zokonzekera, kukweza ndalama, kuziyika ndikuziyendetsa bwino ndi ntchito zandalama zamakampani.

Kodi ntchito yayikulu yandalama zamakampani ndi chiyani?

Ili ndi funso lomwe akatswiri ambiri amafunsa ndi ma tycoon amakampani. Ndalama zamakampani zimatanthawuza gawo la bizinesi la bungwe lililonse. Apa ndi pamene ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze phindu.

Zimaphatikizanso zinthu zambiri zamabizinesi ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikole pa ngongole ndi zochitika zina.

Zachuma ndiye maziko abizinesi iliyonse. Itha kuganiziridwa ngati dongosolo la magawo anayi: ndalama zamunthu, bajeti yayikulu, kasamalidwe ka ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndikukonzekera bwino zachuma. Magawo onsewa ndi magawo abizinesi.

Kuchita bwino kwa bizinesi kumadalira momwe amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zake. Koma ntchito yayikulu yazachuma chamakampani ndi chiyani? Funsoli ndi lofunika chifukwa limatithandiza kumvetsetsa ntchito zachuma za bizinesi iliyonse.

Gawo lalikulu lazachuma chamakampani litha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri, ndalama zogulitsira malonda ndi bizinesi yazachuma. Retail financing imatanthauza ndalama zomwe zimatetezedwa ndi katundu wa obwereka monga nyumba, malo, ndi zinthu zopangidwa.

Ntchito zamabizinesi azachuma zikuphatikiza kuphatikiza ndi kupeza, mabizinesi ogwirizana komanso umwini wa ma franchise. Ubale wa bizinesi ndi bizinesi umaphatikizanso kubwereketsa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kasamalidwe ka mbiri ndi inshuwaransi yogwidwa.

Chifukwa chake, timapeza ntchito zachuma zomwe mabanki, makampani azachuma, ogulitsa, amalonda, osunga ndalama ndi ogula zida zachuma akuchita izi.

Zokonda zandalama zamakampani

Zandalama zamakampani zimayang'ana mitundu inayi ya zisankho:

• Zosankha za Investment, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kafukufuku wa zinthu zenizeni (zogwirika kapena zosaoneka) zomwe kampaniyo iyenera kuyikamo.
• La chigamulo cha ndalama, amene amaphunzira kupeza ndalama (kuchokera kwa osunga ndalama omwe amapeza chuma choperekedwa ndi kampani) kuti kampaniyo ipeze chuma chomwe yasankha kuyikamo.
• Zosankha zamagulu ayenera kulinganiza mbali zofunika kwambiri za bungwe. Kumbali imodzi, zikutanthawuza malipiro a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo kumbali inayo zikutanthawuza kuchotsera kampani ndalama.
• zisudzo za kasamalidwe, zomwe zimakhudza zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zachuma.

Kuyambira pa cholinga chachikulu chandalama zamakampani, chomwe ndi kukulitsa mtengo kapena chuma kwa omwe ali ndi masheya, limodzi mwamafunso ofunikira limayang'ana kwambiri kuyeza zomwe zaperekedwa ndi chisankho china kuti chikhudze mtengo wa eni ake. Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, njira zowunikira kapena zowunikira zidapangidwa.

Business Finance vs Accounting

Mosiyana ndi ma accounting, omwe amafuna kuwonetsa, mokhulupirika momwe angathere, ntchito za kampaniyo; zachuma zimayang'ana mtsogolo mwa izo, koma kupyolera mu phunziro la mtengo.

Kodi ndalama zamakampani ndizofunikira? Yankho ndi lakuti inde. Nazi zina mwazabwino za njirayi:

• Imathandiza kupewa zotsatira
• Kumvetsetsa bwino zandalama
• Zimatsogolera ku zisankho zabwino zamabizinesi
• Ndalama zamakampani zimayimira kuyerekezera kwa kampaniyo
• Imapereka deta yolosera zamalonda ndi kuwongolera

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya mamanejala akampani ndikupanga phindu lalikulu, kutanthauza kuti, kulimbikitsa kampaniyo. Pamene ndalama zogulira ndalama zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu kuposa mtengo wake, ndiye kuti mtengo umapangidwa.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu pazachuma zamakampani

Vuto pakati pa chiopsezo ndi kubwerera

Pazandalama zamakampani, pomwe wogulitsa amayembekezera phindu, m'pamenenso amakhala wokonzeka kuchitapo kanthu. Otsatsa ndalama amadana ndi zoopsa, ndiye kuti, pamlingo womwe wapezeka pachiwopsezo, amafuna kukulitsa zobweza.

Zomwe zimamvekanso ngati kubweza komwe kumaperekedwa, amafuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo.

Mtengo wa ndalama pakapita nthawi

Ndi bwino kukhala ndi ndalama panopa kusiyana ndi kukhala ndi ndalama m’tsogolo. Mwini chuma ayenera kulipidwa chinachake kuchita popanda gwero.

Pankhani ya saver, ndiye chiwongola dzanja. Pankhani ya Investor, ndi mlingo wa kubwerera kapena zokolola.

Vutoli pakati pa kusowa kwa ndalama ndi kufunikira koyika ndalama

Ndalama zimafunika pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku (ndalama zogwirira ntchito) koma pamtengo wopereka ndalama zambiri.

Mtengo wa mwayi

Ganizirani kuti nthawi zonse pali njira zingapo zopangira ndalama. Mtengo wa mwayi ndi kuchuluka kwa kubweza kwa njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera ndalama zomwe zilipo.

Ichi ndicho chiwongoladzanja chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe sichidzapezeka ngati ndalamazo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ntchito inayake sizinapezeke.

Itha kuonedwanso ngati kutayika komwe munthu ali wokonzeka kuganiza, posasankha njira yomwe imayimira njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito ndalamazo.

Ndalama zoyenera

Ndalama za nthawi yayitali ziyenera kulipidwa ndi ndalama za nthawi yayitali, monga momwe ndalama zanthawi yochepa ziyenera kulipidwa ndi ndalama zazing'ono.

M'mawu ena, ndalama ziyenera kugwirizana ndi ndalama zokwanira za polojekitiyi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ngongole (kugwiritsa ntchito ngongole)

Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndalama zopezedwa kudzera mu ngongole kumawonjezera phindu la kampani kapena wobwereketsa.

Wogulitsa ndalama yemwe amalandira ndalama zobwereketsa 15%, mwachitsanzo, ndikuwabweretsa ku kampani yomwe imalipira 20% mwamalingaliro, imawonjezera phindu lake pogwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma cha wina.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo cha ndalamazo kumawonjezeranso ndalama, zomwe zimafanana ndi zochitika zachuma kapena momwe ndalama zikuyendera.

Kusiyanasiyana kothandiza

Wogulitsa ndalama wanzeru amasiyanitsa ndalama zake zonse mwa kugawa chuma chake pakati pa mabizinesi osiyanasiyana. Kusiyanasiyana kuli ndi zotsatira za kufalikira kwa chiwopsezo motero kumachepetsa chiopsezo chonse.

Powombetsa mkota…

Ndalama zamakampani ndi gawo la ndalama monga ndalama zaumwini et ndalama za boma. Imayang'ana momwe makampani angapangire ndikusunga mtengo wake pogwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama.

Ndi njira yoyendetsera ntchito yopangira bajeti yayikulu.

Mofananamo, ikufuna kukweza mtengo kwa eni ake kapena eni ake. Limodzi mwamafunso ofunikira pazachuma chamakampani likukhudza kuyeza kwa zopereka zachigamulo china pamtengo wa eni ake. Kuwerengera chuma (akaunti) kapena njira zowerengera chuma zidapangidwa.

Ngati muli ndi vuto loyendetsa bwino ndalama zanu, dziwani kuti tili ndi maphunziro apamwamba omwe amakupatsani mwayi wosunga bwino, kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe mumawononga, kupanga ndalama zabwino kapena kudziwa momwe mungakonzekerere kupuma kwanu ngakhale mutapeza ndalama zochepa.

Mutha kugula maphunziro athu pa Master ndalama zanu Volume 1

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