Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za quantum finance?

Kuchuluka kwachuma kapena quantum finance ndi phunziro latsopano lomwe linayambira m'manja mwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ndi madokotala ena ochuluka a sayansi omwe anaphunzitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70. Zitsanzo, malingaliro ndi masamu zinamasuliridwa kuchokera ku maphunziro osiyanasiyana, chachikulu chinali physics.

M'kanthawi kochepa, idakula ndikuphatikizanso maphunziro ambiri omwe aliyense adalumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwazachuma, motero, adakankhira mbali zake, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ikule mwachangu.

Pakufuna kwanu kudziwa zambiri zandalama zochulukirachulukira, ngati mukuganiza kuti mungayambire pati komanso kuti ndi chiyani, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwerenga nkhaniyi. Koma choyamba, phunzirani zambiri za zachuma zamakhalidwe.

Tiyeni

🥀 Kodi quantum finance ndi chiyani?

Quantum finance ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamasamu ndi ma data kuti aunike misika yazachumas ndi chitetezo. Mwachidule, Quantitative Finance imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kusanthula misika yazachuma ndi zotetezedwa.

Kusanthula uku kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito masamu a masamu ndi ma data akulu akulu. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri pankhaniyi amatchedwa owunika kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka.

Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ndi monga (1) mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya zotetezedwa monga zosankha ndi (2) kasamalidwe ka zoopsa, makamaka zokhudzana ndi ntchito zoyendetsera ntchito. Akatswiri amene amagwira ntchito imeneyi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "quants".

Kuphatikiza apo, Quant imagwira ntchito pakupanga, kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa ma algorithm pothana ndi zovuta zachuma.

🥀 Mbiri ya quantum finance

Munali m'zaka za zana la 20 pomwe maziko a Quantum Finance adakhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku chiphunzitso cha udokotala " Chiphunzitso cha Speculation » kuchokera kwa katswiri wa masamu wa ku France Louis wa Bachelor. Bachelier adagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la kayendetsedwe ka Brownian pamakhalidwe amitengo ya katundu.

Pambuyo pake, katswiri wa masamu wa ku Japan Kiyoshi Ito adalemba chikalata chokhudza ma stochastic differential equations ndipo adayambitsa chiphunzitso cha stochastic calculus chomwe chilinso ndi dzina lake (Îto calculus) ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posankha mitengo.

Komabe, kupambana kwakukulu kudabwera mu 1970s pomwe "Pamitengo ya Ngongole Yamakampani" ndi Robert Merton : The Risk Structure of Interest Rates” ndi zofufuza za “The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities” zochokera ku Fischer Black ndi Myron Scholes zidatulutsidwa zomwe mwachibadwa zimayimba foni ndikuyika mtundu wamitengo yosankha ndipo pambuyo pake panalibe kubwerera.

Le Mtundu wa Black Sholes-Merton amadziwika kuti model "BSM” imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo imayambitsa kukwera kwa msika wa zosankha. Masiku ano, mitundu ina yambiri ya stochastic idapangidwa kuti iwonjezere mtundu wa BSM, kuyika ma benchmarks pakuwunika kuchuluka komanso kupindulitsa chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi.

🥀 Mitundu Yambiri

Machulukidwe amapanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yazachuma pamitengo yamitengo, kulosera zamsika, komanso kuchepetsa ziwopsezo. Pali, komabe, kusiyanasiyana kwa maudindo a kuchuluka, ena mwa iwo akufotokozedwa pansipa:

• Front Office Quant: Gwirani ntchito limodzi ndi amalonda ndi ogulitsa pa malo ogulitsa. Gwiritsani ntchito zitsanzo zamitengo zomwe amalonda amagwiritsa ntchito kuti awone mwayi watsopano ndikupereka upangiri wa njira zowopsa.
• Quant Researcher : Kwenikweni kuchuluka kwa Ofesi Yam'mbuyo, amafufuza ndikupanga ma aligorivimu okwera kwambiri, mitundu yamitengo ndi njira zamalonda ndi mabizinesi ogulitsa.
• Quant Developer: Iwo kwenikweni ndi opanga mapulogalamu mu kampani yazachuma. Amamasulira zofunikira zamabizinesi zoperekedwa ndi ofufuza kukhala ma code application.
• Kuchuluka kwa Risk Management: Amapanga zitsanzo zowongolera magwiridwe antchito angongole ndi kuwongolera ndikuwunika chiwopsezo cha ngongole, chiwopsezo chamsika, chiwopsezo cha ALM (Asset and Liability Management), ndi zina zambiri. Iwo ndi kuchuluka kwa Ofesi Yapakati ndikuchita kafukufuku wamsika ndi chuma ndikuyesa kupsinjika.

🥀 Quantum Finance vs Financial Engineering

Ndalama za Quantum zimayang'ana pamitundu yamasamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kusungitsa mitengo ndikuyesa kuopsa. Ukatswiri wazachuma amapitanso patsogolo kuyang'ana pa ntchito ndi kupanga zida zomwe zidzakwaniritse zotsatira za zitsanzo.

Ukatswiri wazachuma umaphatikiza chiphunzitso cha masamu cha quantum finance ndi zoyerekeza zamakompyuta kuti apange mtengo, malonda, hedging, ndi zisankho zina zamabizinesi.

🥀 Chifukwa chiyani quantum finance ndiyofunikira?

Chuma cha Quantum ndiye maziko omwe mumaphunzira zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa kuti mukhale katswiri wofufuza za kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka. Ngakhale quantum finance ndiyofunikira kwa omwe akufuna kuti aphunzire zambiri, ndizowona kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali odziwa bwino malonda amachokera kumitundu yonse.

Zinawonedwa mu 2017-2018, 60% yokha mwa otenga nawo mbali omwe amalembetsa maphunziro owerengera ndalama zandalama alibe mbiri yazachuma. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi mbiri yazachuma, ndizabwino, koma ngati mulibe, mutha kulembetsa mosavuta pulogalamu imodzi ya diploma kapena satifiketi.

Mutatha kukhala katswiri wofufuza za kuchuluka kwa ndalama, kafukufuku wozama pazachuma angakuthandizeni m'madera ena akuluakulu monga Portfolio Management ndi Currency Markets.

🥀 Ndi ziyeneretso ziti zomwe mukufunikira kuti mukhale katswiri wa quantum?

Mukafuna kukhala katswiri wofufuza za kuchuluka, muyenera kusankha ziyeneretso zoyenera:

Maphunziro a Diploma

Pali maphunziro angapo a digirii omwe mungasankhe kuti musinthe zomwe mukufuna kukhala kuchuluka kukhala zenizeni. Mutha kusankha maphunziro pamndandanda omwe akuyenerani kutengera zomwe mumakonda komanso mbiri yanu. Mutha kuchita a master in Finance engineering.

Popeza Master in Financial Engineering imakupatsirani chidziwitso chakuya kuyambira pakuwunika kwa ziwerengero mpaka kutengera kachitidwe kachuma, iyi ndi maphunziro aukadaulo kukuthandizani mdziko lenileni.

Mukapeza ukatswiri pakuwunika kuchuluka, mutha kugwira ntchito molimba mtima ngati udindo pakumaliza ntchitoyi.

Mutha kuchita a Master mu Financial Mathematics. Digiri iyi imakupatsirani chidziwitso chakuya munjira zamachulukidwe azachuma. Popeza imayang'ana masamu azachuma, mudzakhala ndi chidziwitso chonse chofunikira kuti mudzafike pagawo la kusanthula kachulukidwe.

Maphunzirowa akufuna kukupangani kukhala waluso pakugwiritsa ntchito masamu azachuma ngati kuchuluka. Komanso, mukamaliza maphunzirowa, mudzatha kupeza mfundo zomveka potengera kusanthula kachulukidwe.

Muthanso kuchita masters mu data, masters mu masamu ndi computational finance kapena master's in applied economics.

Mapulogalamu a Certification

Mapulogalamu ena a satifiketi yazachuma amatha kukuthandizani kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yanu ndi luso lanu. Kaya mukuyang'ana china chake chokuthandizani kuti muyambitse ntchito yanu kapena kulimbitsa luso lazaka zapakati pa ntchito, pulogalamu ya satifiketi imakwaniritsa cholinga chanu. Nawa mapulogalamu a certification:

• Professional Certificate Program mu Applied Financial Risk Management
• Satifiketi mu Quantitative Studies for Finance
• Quantitative Fundamentals Certificate

🥀 Tsogolo la kuchuluka kwachumaque

Quants ndi quantum Finance zatsala pang'ono kukhala! Pomwe makampani akukulirakulira komanso kuchuluka kwa data ndi ndalama zomwe zikukhudzidwa, kufikitsa ndi kufunikira kwandalama zochulukirapo kukukulirakulira kuposa kale. Ndalama za Quantum sizilinso za masamu ovuta komanso ma stochastic.

Pamene zachuma zikukula kwambiri, sayansi ya deta, makina ndi kuphunzira mozama, ndi luntha lochita kupanga likutenga njira zopangira zisankho zapamunda.

Chifukwa chake, quantum finance ikufika pachimake chatsopano kudzera mu mphamvu zamakompyuta apamwamba kwambiri omwe amatilola kusanthula deta yayikulu ndikuyendetsa mafanizidwe amitundu mu nanoseconds.