Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza ma indices amsika?

Mlozera wamasheya ndi muyeso wa magwiridwe antchito (kusintha kwamitengo) mumsika wina wazachuma. Imatsata kukwera ndi kutsika kwa gulu losankhidwa la masheya kapena katundu wina. Kuwona momwe ndondomeko ya masheya ikugwirira ntchito kumapereka njira yofulumira yowonera thanzi la msika, kuwongolera makampani azachuma kupanga ndalama zolozera ndi ndalama zogulitsirana, komanso kumakuthandizani kuti muwunikire momwe ndalama zanu zimagwirira ntchito. Ma indices a stock alipo pazinthu zonse zamisika yazachuma.

Mndandanda wa msika wa masheya ukuwonetsa momwe osunga ndalama amaganizira kuti chuma chikuyenda bwino. Imasonkhanitsa deta kuchokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana m'mafakitale onse. Pamodzi, deta iyi imapanga chithunzi chomwe chimathandiza osunga ndalama kuyerekeza mitengo yamakono ndi mitengo yam'mbuyomu kuti awerengere momwe msika ukuyendera.

Ma index ena amayang'ana pa kagawo kakang'ono ka msika. Mwachitsanzo, index ya Nasdaq imatsata gawo laukadaulo kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe makampani aukadaulo akuchitira, mungafune kuwona Nasdaq Stock index.

Ma indices amasiyananso kukula kwake, ena amangotsatira masheya ochepa pomwe ena amatsata masauzande. Mlozera uliwonse umakhala ndi cholinga chapadera chifukwa osunga ndalama osiyanasiyana ali ndi chidwi ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Mwachidule, m'nkhaniyi Finance de Demain a recensé un certain nombre de connaissances sur les indices boursiers. Mais avant de commencer, voici une formation complète sur le trading en ligne.

Tiyeni

Kodi ma stock indices amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Ma indices a stock angakhale othandiza kutsatira pazifukwa zingapo zazikulu:

• Kutsata ma index omwe amatsatiridwa kwambiri kungakupatseniR lingaliro lazaumoyo wamsika wamsika mwambiri.
• Kutsata zomwe sizikudziwika bwino kungakuthandizeni kuwona machitidwe a gawo linalake la msika poyerekeza ndi msika wonse.
• Ngati simukufuna kuyika ndalama m'matangadza pawokha koma mukungofuna kufanana ntchito yonse yamsika, ndiye njira yotsika mtengo yopezera phindu lamphamvu pakapita nthawi ndikuyika ndalama mu index zomwe zimatsata ma index omwe mumawakonda kwambiri.

Ma index a masheya amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kudziwa momwe msika umagwirira ntchito popanda kutsatira kukwera ndi kutsika kwa katundu aliyense payekha. Amatsegulanso mwayi wosavuta wopezera ndalama womwe ngakhale oyambitsa ndalama omwe angoyamba kumene angagwiritse ntchito kutenga nawo gawo pakupambana kwanthawi yayitali kwa msika.

Kodi ma stock indices amapangidwa bwanji?

Mlozera uliwonse wamsika wamsika umagwiritsa ntchito njira yakeyake kuti mudziwe makampani kapena mabizinesi ena omwe angaphatikizepo.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimayezera momwe msika ukuyendera zingaphatikizepo makampani omwe ali pamwamba kwambiri potengera kukula kwa msika, kapena kuchuluka kwa magawo awo onse omwe atsala. Mwinanso, amatha kusankhidwa ndi komiti ya akatswiri kapena kungoimira masheya onse omwe amagulitsa pakusinthana kwina.

Woyang'anira ndondomeko akafuna kudziwa kuti ndi makampani ati omwe angaphatikizepo, ayenera kudziwa momwe makampaniwo akuyimira mu index, chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa index weighting.

Malingana ndi kulemera kwake, makampani onse omwe akuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zofanana pa ntchito ya ndondomeko kapena zotsatira zosiyana malinga ndi ndalama za msika kapena mtengo wa katundu.

Mitundu itatu yodziwika kwambiri yolemetsa index ndi:

Kulemera ndi capitalization ya msika: mumlozera wolemera kwambiri wamsika, indexyo imayimira mwamphamvu masheya okhala ndi ndalama zamsika zapamwamba. Ndi kapangidwe kameneka, makampani akuluakulu amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito.

Nkhani yoti muwerenge: Kodi tchata cha polojekiti ndi chiyani ndipo ntchito yake ndi yotani?

Zofanana kulemera: ndi index yolemetsa yofanana, index imagwira zigawo zonse mofanana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti momwe kampani iliyonse imagwirira ntchito imakhudzanso ndondomeko yomweyo, kaya ndi makampani akuluakulu kapena ang'onoang'ono kwambiri.

Kulemera kwa maphunziro: ndondomeko yamtengo wapatali imapatsa kampani iliyonse kulemera kosiyana malinga ndi mtengo wake wamakono. Makampani omwe ali ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali amakhala ndi zolemera kwambiri m'ma indices awa, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwawo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za msika

Pali zikwizikwi za indices m'chilengedwe chonse chandalama. Pofuna kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu, nazi zizindikiro zomwe mungakumane nazo:

S&P 500 Index

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino, S&P 500 imatsata momwe makampani 500 apamwamba aku US amagwirira ntchito, monga momwe komiti ya S&P Dow Jones Indices idatsimikiza. S&P 500 ndi index yolemera kwambiri pamsika.

Nkhani yoti muwerenge: Lamulirani ndalama za polojekiti kuti mupindule kwambiri

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)

DJIA ili ndi gawo locheperako, kutsatira momwe makampani 30 aku US asankhidwa ndi S&P Dow Jones indices. Masheya mkati mwa DJIA amachokera kumagulu osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku chithandizo chamankhwala kupita kuukadaulo, koma amalumikizana ndikuti onse ndi ma blue chip stocks.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi mbiri yamphamvu yachuma. DJIA ndi imodzi mwama indices ochepa amtengo wapatali.

Nasdaq 100

Nasdaq 100 imatsata machitidwe a 100 mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri komanso zogulitsidwa kwambiri zomwe zalembedwa pa Nasdaq stock exchange. Makampani a Nasdaq atha kukhala ochokera m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala okhazikika paukadaulo ndipo samaphatikiza mamembala aliwonse azachuma. Nasdaq 100 imagwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwa msika.

INYSE composite index

Mndandanda wa NYSE Composite Index ndi ndondomeko yathunthu yomwe imayang'anira momwe masheya onse amagulitsidwa ku New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Imalemeredwa ndi capitalization yamisika yosinthidwa.

Russell 2000 Index

Pomwe ma index ena amasheya amayang'ana makampani akulu kwambiri pagawo linalake, Russell 2000 amayesa magwiridwe antchito amakampani 2 ang'onoang'ono omwe amagulitsidwa pagulu. Russell 000 ndi msika wolemera wa capitalization index.

Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index

Msika wa Wilshire 5000 Total umayang'anira momwe msika wonse wamasheya aku US ukuyendera. Mlozerawu umalemedwa ndi capitalization ya msika.

Kodi mungawerenge bwanji stock index?

Mtengo wapano wa index nthawi zambiri simalo oyambira. M'malo mwake, ndikusintha kwamtengo kwanthawi yayitali (tsiku ndi tsiku, mlungu uliwonse, mwezi uliwonse, kotala, pachaka) komwe kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kwa osunga ndalama.

Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito ndondomeko ya NASDAQ 100 yomwe tatchula pamwambapa. Tinene kuti pazaka zitatu zapitazi, index ya NASDAQ yakwera pafupifupi 12% pachaka. Kubwerera kwapakati pa index ya NASDAQ pazaka 50 kunali 9%.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti msika ukuyenda bwino kuposa momwe mbiri yake ikunenera. Izi zitha kuwonetsa kwa osunga ndalama kuti tili mumsika wa ng'ombe wamasheya.

Koma kodi kachitidwe ka index kakukhudza bwanji moyo wanu?

M'kanthawi kochepa, indexing si chinthu chofunikira pa mbiri yanu. Koma monga Investor kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchito ya index ndiyofunikira. Ngati mukugulitsa ndalama mu mgwirizano kapena ma portfolio ena omwe amayang'aniridwa bwino, ndikofunikira kuti muwone momwe ndalama zanu zikuyendera potengera zomwe zikuyimira.

Mutha kuyikidwa mundalama / masheya omwe amaposa S&P 500 ndi ma indices ena. Kapena mutha kukhala ndi mbiri yomwe imalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito amsika. Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti ndalama za index zitha kukhala njira yabwino yosungiramo dzira lanu.

Kulemera kwa index

Chigawo chilichonse mu index chimapatsidwa kulemera kwake. Masheya okhala ndi zolemera kwambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pamayendedwe a index kuposa omwe ali ndi zolemetsa zochepa. Ma indices nthawi zambiri amagawira zolemera kuzinthu zawo m'njira zitatu:

Ma indices olemedwa mtengo perekani kulemera kwakukulu kwa makampani omwe ali ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndondomeko yongopeka ya masheya atatu amtengo wapatali pa $ 70, $ 20 ndi $ 10, ndalama za $ 70 zidzayimira 70% ya chiwerengero chonse, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa kampani. Dow Jones Industrials ndiye chitsanzo chofunikira kwambiri cha index yolemetsa.

Ma indices olemedwa ndi msika perekani kulemera kwakukulu kwa makampani omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri zamsika. ndi S&P 500 ndi Nasdaq Composite onse ali olemera pamsika, komanso makampani akuluakulu monga Apple ndi Microsoft ( NASDAQ: MSFT ) ali ndi zolemera zazikulu kuposa makampani ang'onoang'ono omwe amapanga ma indices.

Zolemera zofanana perekani kulemera komweko kwa katundu aliyense, posatengera mtengo, ndalama zamsika kapena chinthu china chilichonse.

Nkhani yoti muwerenge: Zonse zokhudza zida zachuma

Palinso zizindikiro zina za stock zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira za eni kuti zikhazikitse zolemera. Mwachitsanzo, ma indices ena amagawira zolemera potengera magawo omwe amaperekedwa ndi masheya.

Kwa mbali zambiri, komabe, zizindikiro zolemera kwambiri za msika ndizodziwika kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuti ndalama za index zizitsata.

Tisiyeni ndemanga. Koma ndisanakusiyeni, ndikufuna ndikudziwitseni za maphunziro apamwambawa omwe angakuuzeni Momwe Mungapangire Bizinesi Yanu Pa intaneti.