Mukudziwa zonse zokhudza zachuma?

Finance ndi nkhani yayikulu komanso yayikulu yoti tikambirane. Ma accounting ndi ndalama nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi, ndipo ena amawona kuti ndizofanana. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa.

Ndipotu, ndalama ndi liwu lalikulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza kasamalidwe ka ndalama ndi ndondomeko yopezera ndalama. Ndalama zimaphatikizapo mabanki, ngongole, ndalama, katundu ndi ngongole zomwe zimapanga machitidwe azachuma.

Magawo atatu azachuma apanga mabungwe, njira, miyezo ndi zolinga zapadera: Ndalama Zamalonda, ndalama zanu et ndalama zaboma.

M'mayiko otukuka, pali ndondomeko yowonjezereka ya misika ya zachuma ndi mabungwe kuti akwaniritse zosowa za maderawa pamodzi ndi padera. Ndiye, tiyeni timvetsetse kuti ndalama ndi chiyani?

Koma choyamba, ndikufuna ndikudziwitseni za maphunziro apamwambawa omwe amakupatsani luso.malangizo opambana muzamalonda.

Tiyeni

🥀 Kodi Finance ndi chiyani?

Zachuma ndikugawa katundu, ngongole, ndi ndalama pakapita nthawi, njira, ndi media kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi bizinesi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuyang'anira kapena kuchulukitsa ndalamazo kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri zokonda pamene mukulimbana ndi zoopsa ndi zosatsimikizika.

Ndalama zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ndalama chifukwa ndi njira yosinthira. Gawo lazachuma ndi injini yamakampani azachuma, azachuma komanso oyang'anira. Kuchokera ku ndalama kupita ku mabungwe azachuma komanso kuchokera ku misonkho ya boma kupita ku chilungamo, ntchito yazachuma imatha kuwoneka muzochita ndi njira zonse.

Nawa matanthauzidwe okhazikika azachuma:

• Mu chuma, finance ndi nthambi yazachuma yomwe imayang'anira kagawidwe, kasamalidwe, kasungidwe, ndi kapezedwe kazinthu.
• Mu bizinesi, ndalama zimatanthauzidwa ngati kusonkhanitsa ndalama popereka ndi kugulitsa masheya kapena ngongole.
• Mu sayansi, zachuma zimaphatikizapo kupanga, kasamalidwe ndi kuphunzira ndalama. Zimaphatikizaponso mabanki, ngongole, ngongole, katundu ndi ndalama.
• Akatswiri akufotokoza ndalama monga kugawa katundu ndi anthu ogwira ntchito nthawi yowonjezereka pansi pa zifukwa zina ndi zosatsimikizika. Amakhulupirira kuti katundu amapatsidwa mtengo malinga ndi momwe alili pangozi komanso momwe amabwezera.
• Kutengera mawonekedwe a kachitidwe, zandalama zikuphatikiza machitidwe azachuma monga mabungwe aboma, aboma komanso aboma. Ndikuphunziranso za chuma ndi zida zandalama.

🥀Migwirizano yokhudzana ndi makampani azachuma

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mawu ndi mitu yokhudzana ndi machitidwe azachuma. Nawa mndandanda wa ena omwe mungakumane nawo kwambiri mumakampani:

• Ngozi ndi kubwerera
• phindu
• chuma boma
• Ogawana nawo
• Ndalama zamakhalidwe
• Mtengo wa capital
• Malowedwe andalama
• Chiwongola dzanja
• Zogawana
• Zotuluka

Tsopano tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za mitundu itatu yazachuma. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi ndalama zaumwini, kenaka ndalama zamalonda ndipo potsiriza, ndalama za boma

🥀 Kodi Personal Finance ndi chiyani?

Ndalama zaumwini zimayang'anira chuma cha munthu kapena ndalama ndikuwathandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe akufuna ndikusunga. Ndalama zaumwini zimaperekedwa kwa munthu payekha ndipo njira zimadalira momwe munthu amapezera, zomwe akufuna, zolinga, nthawi, ndi zina.

Ndalama zaumwini zimaphatikizapo kuyika ndalama mu maphunziro, katundu monga malo, magalimoto, inshuwalansi ya moyo, inshuwalansi ya zachipatala ndi zina, kusunga, ndi kusamalira ndalama.

Makamaka, chuma chamunthu chimaphatikizapo:

• Chitetezo ku zochitika zosayembekezereka komanso zosatsimikizika zaumwini
• Kusamutsa chuma kupyolera mu mibadwo ya banja
• Kuwongolera misonkho ndikutsatira malamulo amisonkho (ndalama zamisonkho kapena zilango)
• Kukonzekera kupuma pantchito
• Konzekerani zowononga nthawi yayitali kapena kugula zinthu zambiri
• Kulipira ngongole kapena ngongole
• Zolinga Zomanga ndi Zomangamanga Zachuma

Kodi mukufuna kuwongolera ndalama zanu kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto? Chabwino, nayi maphunziro athunthu a premium omwe tapanga kuti akuthandizeni kukhala ROI zandalama zanu.

🥀 Kodi Corporate Finance ndi chiyani?

Zandalama zamabizinesi zimaphatikizapo kulipilira ndalama zogulira bizinesi ndikumanga dongosolo lamabizinesi.

Imakhudzana ndi gwero la ndalama ndi njira zoyendetsera ndalamazi, monga kugawa ndalama zothandizira komanso kukulitsa mtengo wa kampaniyo powongolera chuma.

Zandalama zamabizinesi zimayang'ana kwambiri kusungitsa chiwopsezo pakati pa zoopsa ndi mwayi ndikuwonjezera mtengo wazinthu. Ndalama zamabizinesi zikuphatikizapo:

• Capital bajeti, nayi momwe mungapangire bajeti
• Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika kuwerengera kwabizinesi kapena kuwerengera zenizeni zenizeni
• Dziwani kumene ndalama zimachokera mu mawonekedwe a equity, equity, angongole, ngongole
• Dziwani phindu la phindu zopanda malire pazogulitsa zamtsogolo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kugawa kwa eni ake
• Kupeza ndi ndalama m'magawo kapena katundu wina
• Dziwani zolinga, mwayi woyenera ndi zopinga
• Kuwongolera zoopsa ndi misonkho
• Nkhani ya shares pa IPO ndi stock exchange listing

🥀 Kodi Public Finance ndi chiyani?

Ndalama zamtunduwu zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maboma, ma municipalities, zigawo kapena zigawo, mwachidule, ndi ndalama zomwe boma likufunikira. Zimaphatikizapo zisankho zanthawi yayitali zokhudzana ndi mabungwe aboma.

Ndalama za boma zimaganizira zinthu monga kugawa ndalama, kagawidwe kazinthu komanso kukhazikika kwachuma. Ndalamazi zimachokera makamaka ku misonkho, ngongole zochokera ku mabanki kapena makampani a inshuwalansi.

Public Finances ikuphatikizapo:

• Kuzindikiritsa ndalama zofunikira ndi mabungwe aboma
• Magwero a ndalama za mabungwe aboma
• Dziwani njira bajeti ndi gwero la ndalama
• Kupereka ngongole za ntchito za anthu onse
• Kusamalira misonkho

Mawu ena awiri otchuka azachuma ndi microfinance ndi trade finance.

🥀 Kodi microfinance ndi chiyani?

Microfinance imadziwika kwambiri kuchokera ku ngodya ya microcredit. Ndalama zamtunduwu zimapangidwira anthu omwe alibe mwayi wopeza ndalama zachikhalidwe. Anthuwa akuphatikizapo omwe alibe ntchito komanso anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa, amayi, ndi zina zotero.

Mabanki amathanso kupereka zina zowonjezera monga maakaunti osungira, ma microinsurance ndi maphunziro. Cholinga chachikulu cha microfinance ndikupatsa anthuwa mwayi wodziyimira pawokha.

Obwereketsa nthawi zambiri amapereka ngongole pambuyo pophatikiza obwereka kuti atsimikizire kuti pali mwayi wobweza. Ndalama zobweza za ma microcredits amenewa ndi ochuluka kuposa ndalama wamba chifukwa cha chiwopsezo.

Microfinance ikuphatikiza:

• Kufufuza akaunti et ndalama zakubanki
• Mapulogalamu a maphunziro pa mfundo zoyendetsera ndalama
• Maphunziro a luso monga kuwerengera ndalama ndi kusunga mabuku, kuphatikizapo kayendetsedwe ka ndalama, ndondomeko ya ndalama, ndi zina zotero.
• Maphunziro a kasamalidwe ka ndalama
• Maphunziro pazachuma ndi malingaliro monga chiwongola dzanja, kuyenda kwa ndalama, bajeti, ngongole, ndi zina.

🥀Kodi Trade Finance ndi chiyani?

Ndalama zamalonda zimaphatikizapo ntchito zandalama ndi zida zomwe zimathandiza ndikuwongolera malonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Ndibwino kuti otumiza kunja ndi otumiza kunja azichita bwino pamayiko ena pochepetsa chiwopsezo cha malonda apadziko lonse lapansi.

Ndalama zamalonda zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chokhudzana ndi malonda apadziko lonse lapansi polinganiza zosowa zosiyanasiyana za wogulitsa kunja ndi wogulitsa kunja.

Zowopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malonda apadziko lonse ndi kusinthasintha kwa ndalama, kusalipidwa ndi chipani, kusakhazikika kwa ndale, solvency ya maphwando, ndi zina zotero. Ndalama zamalonda zimaphatikizapo munthu wina kuti amalize ntchitoyo, kuthetsa vuto la kugula ndi kulipira.

Pazandalama zamalonda, wogulitsa kunja amalandira malipiro malinga ndi mgwirizano ndipo wobwereketsa atha kugwiritsa ntchito ngongole kuti akwaniritse malondawo. Kupatula kuteteza ku zoopsa, kusalipira komanso kusalandira katundu, ndalama zamalonda zimathandizanso kuti ntchito zitheke komanso zopeza ndalama.

Zimapangitsa kuti bizinesiyo ilandire ndalama zolipirira ndalama potengera zomwe wapeza chifukwa banki ya wogula imatsimikizira kulipira. Izi zimatsimikiziranso kulipira panthawi yake komanso kutumizidwa kotsimikizika kwa katundu.

🥀 Kodi zida zandalama ndi chiyani?

Kuti apindule ndi ntchito zachuma, munthu kapena kampani imafunikira zida zandalama. Chida chandalama ndi mgwirizano wapakati pamagulu awiri ndipo umakhudza ndalama.

Les zida zachuma atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ndalama kapena kubwereketsa ndi kubwereketsa. Zida zandalama zimasankhidwa kukhala zida za Cash kapena ngati zida zochokera:

🥀 Kodi Cash Instruments ndi chiyani?

Mtengo wa Cash Instruments umatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu za msika. Zida za ndalama ndi zida zosinthira mosavuta pakati pa maphwando. Izi zitha kukhala zotetezedwa, ngongole kapena madipoziti.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zandalama zomwe zimapezeka pamsika ndi ziphaso zamadipoziti, mapangano ogulanso monga repo, mabilu osinthanitsa, ngongole za interbank, mapepala ogulitsa, zotetezedwa zamagetsi ndi zina zambiri.

🥀Kodi zotumphukira ndi chiyani?

Mtengo wa Derivative Instruments umachokera ku mtengo wa chinthu china chomwe chingakhale katundu, kapena index, kapena chinthu china chilichonse chomwe chingakhudze mtengo wa zotumphukira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zotumphukira zomwe zilipo pamsika ndi zam'tsogolo, zotsogola, zosinthana ndi zosankha.

Zida zandalama zimagawidwanso molingana ndi gulu lawo la chuma. Zida zandalama zitha kukhala zangongole kapena zofanana.

Chida chotengera ngongole chimabwera ngati ngongole zomwe gulu lopereka limapereka kwa osunga ndalama. Pomwe, zida zotengera equity zimawonetsa umwini kutengera gawo lazachuma lomwe wobwereketsa ali nalo.

Zida zandalama zotengera ngongole zimaphatikiza ma bond, tsogolo labwino ndi zosankha, kusinthana kwa chiwongola dzanja, mabilu a Treasury, chiwongola dzanja chamtsogolo ndi mapangano obweza .

🥀 Pangani ntchito ndi Finance

Tanthauzo lazachuma, matanthauzo ndi mawonekedwe ake sangakhale osakwanira popanda kuyang'ana ntchito zomwe zilipo mu gawo lazachuma. Nawu mndandanda wanjira 10 zantchito zachuma:

1. bank bank

Mabanki amalonda amapereka ntchito zambiri zachuma monga kuyang'ana maakaunti, maakaunti osungira ndi malo obwereketsa kwa anthu ndi mabizinesi.

Maudindo odziwika kwambiri m'mabanki ogulitsa ndi wowona zangongole, woyang'anira ngongole, wogulitsa kubanki, wobwereketsa nyumba, woyang'anira nthambi, ndi trust officer.

Mabanki azamalonda amapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wokulirapo pamene ogwira ntchito akupita ku maudindo apamwamba ndi malipiro abwino.

2. Ndalama zamalonda

Ndalama zamakampani zimayang'ana kwambiri kuyang'anira ntchito zachuma zabizinesi. Ndi za kukweza ndalama ndikusintha ndalamazo kuti bizinesiyo ipindule kwambiri. Kutengera chisankho ichi mutha kukhala msungichuma, wotsogolera zachuma, Katswiri Wazachuma kapena woyang'anira msonkho.

3. bank bank

Iyi ndi ntchito yapamwamba yazachuma pamakampani. Mabanki a Investment amachita ndi zochitika zoyambira, kuphatikiza ndi kutulutsa zitetezo monga masheya, masheya ndi ma bond kuti agulidwe ndi osunga ndalama pamsika.

Mabanki osungira ndalama amathandizira kukweza ndalama zamabizinesi, maboma, ndi mabungwe. Ntchito yamabanki osungitsa ndalama ndi yopikisana kwambiri, yomwe imafunikira luso lazachuma komanso luso loyankhulana komanso chidaliro.

Pali magawo ambiri omwe mabanki ogulitsa angagwire ntchito. Atha kugwira ntchito ngati katswiri wofufuza zaukadaulo, zotetezedwa pamsika.

4. inshuwalansi

Inshuwaransi imateteza anthu ndi mabizinesi ku zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Maudindo otchuka mu inshuwaransi ndi monga woimira malonda a inshuwaransi, katswiri wothandiza makasitomala, kapena munthu weniweni yemwe amawerengera zoopsa ndi kuchuluka kwanthawi zonse potengera zomwe zapezeka kuchokera ku momwe chuma chikuyendera.

5. Kafukufuku wa Equity

Ntchito ina yapamwamba pazachuma ndi kafukufuku wa equity. Kafukufuku wa Equity amachita ndi kusanthula mozama kwa masheya, kuwerengera mtengo ndi kufananiza kwachuma kwa kampani.

Katswiri wofufuza za equity amathandizira osunga ndalama kupanga zisankho zofunika pazachuma, makamaka ikafika pakuyika ndalama. Katswiriyu akuwonetsa ndalama zogulira, kusunga kapena kugulitsa kwa omwe akugulitsa.

Amapanganso malipoti ofufuza ndi zolosera. Kuti muchite bwino m'derali, mudzafunika kuleza mtima kwakukulu komanso kuchuluka kwa makhalidwe abwino.

6. Kusamalira chuma

Poyerekeza ndi mabanki osungitsa ndalama, kasamalidwe ka chuma kamayang'ana kwambiri pakupereka chithandizo chandalama kwa olemera komanso olemera pang'ono. Kusamalira chuma kumangotanthauza kasamalidwe ka ndalama.

Oyang'anira chuma amapeza ndalama polipiritsa chindapusa cha ntchito zomwe achita. Mu kasamalidwe ka chuma, makasitomala amatha kuyang'anira akaunti ya brokerage ndi mwayi wopeza msonkho, malo ndi mapulani opuma pantchito.

7. Ngongole / ngongole

Ngongole ndi ntchito yopereka ngongole kwa anthu omwe akufuna kugula nyumba kapena katundu. Wobwerekayo azibweza ngongoleyo ndi chiwongoladzanja pazaka zonse mpaka atakhala mwini wake wa malowo.

Ogulitsa nyumba amadziwonetsa ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa mabungwe azachuma ndi omwe angakhale eni nyumba. Makasitomala amapatsidwa njira zangongole kuchokera kwa obwereketsa angapo.

Makasitomala amafananiza ngongole ndikuchotsa ndalama za ogula ndi ntchito. Ma Mortgage Broker amawongolera makasitomala kudzera munjira zawo zangongole ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikutsatira malamulo ndi malamulo.

8. Audit

Auditing imatanthawuza kuwunika, kuwunika, kufufuza ndi kusanthula ndalama kuti tipeze ziwerengero zandalama. Dongosolo lazachumali limathandizira pakuwongolera ndalama, kuchepetsa ndalama, kuchulukitsa ndalama komanso kupanga zisankho zamabizinesi.

Imatsimikizira kuti anthu ndi mabizinesi akutsatira malamulo amisonkho ndi ndondomeko zachuma.

Auditor amatha kugwira ntchito m'magulu aboma, mabungwe azachuma ndi mayunivesite. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma Auditor: owerengera amkati, owerengera akunja, owerengera ndalama aboma ndi ma judicial auditor.

9. Kuwerengera

Kuwerengera ndalama kumaphatikizapo kupanga bajeti, malipoti azachuma tsiku lililonse, ndi kusanthula deta kuti bizinesi iliyonse ikule. Akatswiri azachuma amatha kugwira ntchito ngati oyang'anira zachuma, owerengera ndalama, owerengera ndalama, ndi owerengera ndalama.

10. Chuma

Cash imakhudzana ndi kuthekera kwachuma kwa bizinesi iliyonse kuti bizinesiyo ikhale yopambana komanso yogwira bwino ntchito. Zimapereka zolosera zam'tsogolo zolondola ndikulosera ndalama zofunikira pabizinesiyo.

Akatswiri a Treasury ali ndi mwayi wosiyanasiyana wantchito womwe angafufuze. Atha kugwira ntchito m'mabungwe akuluakulu kapena ang'onoang'ono padziko lonse lapansi. Mosasamala zamakampani, akatswiriwa amatha kugwira ntchito kulikonse.

Tsopano, ngati mukufuna ndalama zambiri kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino ndikumvetsetsa bwino zandalama zanu, pitani shopu yathu ndikutsitsa maphunziro a Premium omwe amakusangalatsani.

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