Zonse zokhudza msika wogulitsa

Kodi mukufuna kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza msika wamasheya? Osasamala. Msika wamsika ndi malo apakati pomwe magawo amakampani ogulitsa ndi anthu amagulidwa ndikugulitsidwa. Zimasiyana ndi misika ina chifukwa katundu wogulitsidwa amangokhala masheya, ma bond, ndi malonda ogulitsa.  

Mumsikawu, osunga ndalama akuyang'ana zida zomwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama ndipo makampani kapena opereka amafunika kulipirira ntchito zawo. Magulu onsewa amagulitsa zitetezo, monga masheya, ma bond ndi ndalama zolumikizana, kudzera mwa othandizira (othandizira, ma broker ndi kusinthanitsa).

Cholinga chachikulu cha maphunzirowa ndikuthandizira kusuntha kwa capital, motero zimathandizira kukhazikika kwandalama ndi zachuma. Choncho kugwiritsa ntchito demokalase misika yachitetezo kumalimbikitsa kupanga ndondomeko zandalama zogwira ntchito komanso zotetezeka. M'nkhaniyi, ndikuwuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza msika wogulitsa.

Kodi msika wamasheya ndi chiyani?

Mawu akuti " ndalama » Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamasheya, monga Dow Jones Industrial Average kapena Standard & Poor's 500. Mukagula katundu wa kampani yaboma, mukugula kagawo kakang'ono ka kampaniyo. Chifukwa ndizovuta kutsatira kampani iliyonse, ma index a Dow ndi S&P amaphatikiza gawo la msika wamasheya ndipo ntchito yawo imawonedwa kuti ikuyimira msika wonse.

Kuti mupange ndalama pamsika, simuyenera kukhala " Investor ". Maphunzirowa ndi otsegulidwa kwa aliyense. Mutha kuwona mutu wankhani womwe umanena kuti msika wamasheya unagwa, kapena kuti unatseka kwambiri kapena kutsika kwa tsikulo.

Nthawi zambiri, izi zikutanthauza kuti ma index a msika akukwera kapena kutsika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti masheya omwe ali mkati mwa index apeza kapena kutaya mtengo wonse. Otsatsa malonda omwe amagula ndi kugulitsa katundu akuyembekeza kupeza phindu kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe ka mtengo wamtengo wapatali.

Makhalidwe a msika wogulitsa

Zina mwazofunikira kwambiri pamsika wamasheya ndi izi:

Phindu

Poikapo ndalama mumsika wa masheya, munthu amayembekeza kupeza phindu lake. Chinachake chomwe chingachitike m'njira ziwiri: Kusonkhanitsa zopindula ndi kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wogulitsa ndi mtengo wogula wa zotetezedwa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi phindu lalikulu kapena kutayika komwe kumapezeka.

Chitetezo

Tikukamba za msika wogulitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zikhalidwe zimatha kukwera kapena kutsika, kutengera kusinthasintha kwa msika. Mwachiwonekere, izi zikuyimira ngozi, popeza sizidziwika motsimikiza ngati ndalamazo zidzabweretsa phindu.

Kuyika ndalama muzotetezedwa zanthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndalama zopindulitsa komanso zotetezeka. Njira ina yochepetsera chiopsezo poika ndalama ndi la zosiyana. Mwa njira iyi, mwayi wokhala ndi zotayika umachepa.

Liquidity

Ndikosavuta kuyika ndalama muzotetezedwa, kotero kugula ndi kugulitsa kumachitika mwachangu.

Kodi msika wamasheya umagwira ntchito bwanji?

Lingaliro kumbuyo kwa ntchito ya msika wogulitsa ndi zosavuta ndithu. Msika wogulitsa umalola ogula ndi ogulitsa kukambirana zamitengo ndikuchita malonda.

Msika wamasheya umagwira ntchito kudzera mu netiweki yogulitsa masheya. Makampani amalemba magawo awo pa stock exchange kudzera munjira yotchedwa zoperekedwa pagulu woyamba kapena Kupereka Koyamba Pagulu. Otsatsa amagula magawowa, kulola kampani kuti ipeze ndalama zowonjezera bizinesi yake. Otsatsa amatha kugula ndikugulitsa magawo awa pakati pawo, ndipo kusinthanitsa kumatsata zomwe zaperekedwa ndi zomwe zimafunidwa pagawo lililonse lomwe latchulidwa.

Kupereka ndi kufunikira kumeneku kumathandiza kudziwa mtengo wa chitetezo chilichonse, kapena milingo yomwe otenga nawo gawo pamsika amalolera kugula kapena kugulitsa.

Ogula amapanga "chopereka", kapena ndalama zambiri zomwe akufuna kulipira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kuposa zomwe ogulitsa "amafunsa" posinthanitsa. Kusiyana kumeneku kumatchedwa kufalikira kwa zopempha. Kuti malonda achitike, wogula ayenera kuwonjezera mtengo wake kapena wogulitsa achepetse awo. Umu ndi momwe msika wamasheya umagwirira ntchito.

Kodi kusakhazikika kwa msika wamasheya ndi chiyani?

Kuyika ndalama pamsika kumaphatikizapo chiopsezo, koma ndi njira zoyenera zogulira ndalama, zikhoza kuchitidwa mosamala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kutaya kwa nthawi yaitali. ndi malonda tsiku, zomwe zimafuna kugula mwamsanga ndi kugulitsa masheya malinga ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo, ndizowopsa kwambiri.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuyika ndalama mumsika wamsika kwa nthawi yayitali kwatsimikizira kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera chuma cha nthawi yaitali.

Mwachitsanzo, S&P 500 ili ndi mbiri yakale yobwereranso pafupifupi 10% isanasinthe kukwera kwa inflation. Komabe, msika sudzapereka kawirikawiri kubwerera kwa chaka ndi chaka.

Zaka zina msika wogulitsa ukhoza kutsika kwambiri, ena akukwera kwambiri. Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa msika.

Ngati mumagula mwachangu ndikugulitsa masheya, pali mwayi woti mudzalakwitsa nthawi ina, kugula kapena kugulitsa pa nthawi yolakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muwonongeke. Chinsinsi cha kuyika ndalama motetezeka ndikusunga ndalama zotsika mtengo zomwe zimatsata msika waukulu, kotero kuti zobweza zanu zikuwonetsa mbiri yakale.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimagulitsidwa pa stock exchange?

Pamsika wamasheya, sitimangolembetsa kugawana komanso kugulitsa zinthu zina zachuma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ndalama zonse zomwe makampani asankha kugulitsa kapena kugulitsa kuti azipeza ndalama.

Kusiyana Pakati pa Ndalama Zokhazikika ndi Zogulitsa

Zogulitsa izi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu otchedwa ndalama zokhazikika kapena ndalama zosinthika. Mtundu wa ndalama zidzadalira ngati zobweza zomwe amapeza ndi Investor zidakonzedweratu kapena ayi, motsatana.

Mundalama zokhazikika, mutha kupeza ngongole, ndipo zolipirira ndi gulu lachiwiri, ma equities. Njira yotsirizayi imakondedwa ndi makampani pamene kuli kofunikira kudzipangira ndalama pa msika wogulitsa.

Palinso mankhwala osakanizidwa omwe ali osakaniza pamwambapa, monga momwe zilili ma bond osinthika. Amayamba kupanga chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika kenaka amasandutsa ma equity securities. Mtundu wina ndi zomangira ndi zilolezo, amene Investor amalandiranso ufulu umafunika kapena kutembenuzidwa kukhala chuma china chuma.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti pamsika wandalama, sizinthu zonse zolembedwa za equity zomwe zili ndi kutchuka kofanana. Zowonadi, samagawana ziganizo zomwe amapeza komanso sagawana zomwe amayembekeza. Umu ndi momwe zinthu zina zimakhalira kutchuka kuposa zina zikafananizidwa. Ndipo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pali:

Magawo wamba komanso magawo omwe amakonda

Magawo wamba ndi zitetezo zomwe zilibe ufulu wamtundu uliwonse kupatula womwe umaperekedwa ndilamulo komanso m'mabungwe akampani. Magawo wamba ndi omwe amatha kupereka ufulu womwewo kwa eni ake onse popanda kusiyanitsa.

Magawo omwe amakonda, kumbali ina, ndi omwe amapatsa eni ake kapena eni ufulu wawo wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, titha kunena kuti ngati kampani yasokonekera, omwe ali ndi masheya ndi eni ake omwe adzalipidwa komaliza. Zowonadi, omwe ali ndi ngongole ali patsogolo pawo ndipo pakati pa omwe ali ndi masheya, zotetezedwa zomwe amakonda ndi zaulere kuti zisonkhanitsidwe pamaso pa ena.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa misika yamsika

Misika yamasheya ili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zingapo. Ubwinowu ndi wamakampani omwe adatchulidwa komanso kwa omwe akufuna kuchita malonda kumeneko.

Ubwino wa Stock Markets

IPO imabweretsa kutchuka kwina kwa kampani. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa ogulitsa masheya akale, monga aku Amsterdam, London, ndi New York. IPO imatanthawuzanso kuti osunga ndalama amatha kugula magawo mu kampaniyo, kuthandizira kuti ikule kudzera pakukweza ndalama.

Pogwiritsa ntchito msika wogulitsa, osunga ndalama amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kusakhulupirika kwa anzawo. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malamulo, omwe njira zamalonda za OTC zilibe.

Kuphatikiza apo, makampani omwe amakhala ngati ogulitsa pa intaneti apangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti osunga ndalama azipeza misika yamasheya.

Kuipa kwa Ma Market Market

Kupita pagulu ndi ndalama zazikulu za nthawi ndi ndalama zamakampani. Kuphatikiza apo, atalembedwa, amayenera kuyankha kwa omwe ali ndi masheya.

Kugulitsa pamsika sikutsimikizira kukhazikika. Misika yamalonda imakhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa msika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pangakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali, kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zochitika zandale ndi zachuma padziko lonse lapansi.

Misika yamasheya imathanso kugwa. Ngakhale kuti sizochitika kawirikawiri, kuwonongeka kwa msika kungachepetse kwambiri mtengo wa masheya ndikuyambitsa mavuto azachuma omwe amakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri. Amalonda ndi osunga ndalama amatha kuyendetsa bwino kuwonekera kwawo kukusakhazikika kwa msika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera ngozi.

Zitsanzo zina za misika yamasheya

Misika yofunikira kwambiri ndi:

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

NYSE ndi msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wa masheya, womwe uli pa 11 Wall Street, New York City, United States. NYSE ili ndi makampani pafupifupi 2400 omwe adalembedwa omwe akuphatikiza makampani ambiri abuluu monga Walmart, Berkshire Hathaway Inc, JP Morgan Chase, ndi zina zambiri.

Ndi imodzi mwazogulitsa zakale kwambiri zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu 1792. Chuma chamakampani onse omwe adalembedwa pa NYSE ndi pafupifupi $22,9 thililiyoni mu 2021.

Pafupifupi malonda a tsiku ndi tsiku ali pakati pa 2 ndi 6 biliyoni magawo. NYSE ndiye kusinthana kokha ku United States komwe kumapereka malonda apansi kwa amalonda akuluakulu. Amapereka malonda pazida zosiyanasiyana zachuma monga ndalama zogulitsirana (ETFs), masheya, ma bond, ndi zina zingapo.

Mapangidwe a umwini wa NYSE adasintha mu 2006, pamene adalumikizana ndi Archipelago Holdings kupanga NYSE Group, Inc. Poyembekezera kusinthaku, mipando yotsiriza pa kusinthanitsa inagulitsidwa mu December 2005.

Onse okhala ndi mipando adakhala ogawana nawo Gulu la NYSE. Kuphatikizana ndi Euronext NV, gulu la European stock exchanges, linapanga kampani yogwira NYSE Euronext mu 2007. Mu 2008, NYSE Euronext inapeza American Stock Exchange (kenako inatchedwanso NYSE Amex Equities).

Mlozera waukulu wa kusinthanitsa uku ndi Mtengo wapatali wa magawo DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE.

NASDAQ

NASDAQ ndi msika wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri wodzipangira okha komanso wamagetsi ku United States komanso woyamba ku New York. Kukula kwake kuli kotero kuti voliyumu yake yamalonda pa ola ndi yayikulu kuposa yakusinthana kulikonse padziko lapansi.

Pa NASDAQ, masheya opitilira 7000 adalembedwa. Makampani omwe akutenga nawo gawo amadziwika ndi mbiri yaukadaulo wapamwamba, IT ndi biotechnology. Ili ku New York ndipo ma indices ake oyimira kwambiri ndi Nasdaq 100 neri Le Nasdaq Composite.

Komwe mungawone msika wapadziko lonse lapansi munthawi yeniyeni 

Masiku ano, ndikosavuta kudziwa ndikutsata zochitika zazikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kutha kuyang'ana kukwera ndi kutsika kwa msika wamalonda mu nthawi yeniyeni ndi njira yodzikhazikitsira nokha muzochitika zachuma za dziko lapansi.

Pali nsanja zambiri zowonera mitengo yamasheya munthawi yeniyeni. Kuphatikiza apo, kufunikira kwa chidziwitso chamtunduwu kwapangitsa kuti masamba ambiri azipereka ma index awa. Zina mwa izo ndi:

• Megabolsa.com
• Planet Forex
• Investing.com
• L'économiste
• Ecobolsa

Palinso njira yopangira mapulogalamu pazida zokhala ndi Android kapena iOS. Mapulogalamuwa ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo amagwirizana ndi mitundu yonse ya zosowa. Zina mwa zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:

Bloomberg : Bungwe lazachuma lomwe limagwira ntchito pamsika wamasheya. Chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwake mudzakhala ndi mwayi wopeza zenizeni zenizeni, msika wamasheya ndi nkhani zamisika yayikulu. Zojambula zake ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Yahoo! Zamalonda : Ogwiritsa azitha kupanga mbiri yachitetezo chokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kuti mutha kupanga chisankho chokhazikitsa ndalama panthawi yoyenera. Ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Google Finance: Ntchito ina yosavuta yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa makamaka kwa oyamba kumene.

Komabe, ndibwino kubwereza mobwerezabwereza masamba angapo omwe atchulidwa. Kuphatikiza pa kuyang'ana zambiri mwazogwiritsira ntchito izi, chifukwa posiyanitsa deta yonseyi, munthu adzapeza zambiri zomwe zingatheke.

Tisiyeni nkhawa zanu mu ndemanga. Koma musananyamuke, mutha kugula maphunziro athu pa Master ndalama zanu Volume 1.