Zonse zokhudza zida zachuma

Zida zachuma zimatanthauzidwa ngati mgwirizano pakati pa anthu/maphwando zomwe zimakhala ndi mtengo wandalama. Zitha kupangidwa, kukambirana, kukhazikitsidwa kapena kusinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za omwe akukhudzidwa. Mwachidule, chuma chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi capital ndipo chingathe kugulitsidwa msika wandalama imatchedwa chida chandalama. Zitsanzo zina za zida zachuma ndi macheke, masheya, ma bond, zam'tsogolo ndi zosankha.

Zida zachuma ndi chuma chomwe akhoza kukambirana, kapena amathanso kuwonedwa ngati mitolo ya ndalama zomwe zitha kugulitsidwa.

Mitundu yambiri ya zida zandalama imawonetsetsa kuyenda bwino komanso kusamutsa ndalama kwa osunga ndalama padziko lonse lapansi. Zinthu izi zitha kukhala ndalama, ufulu wamgwirizano kubweretsa kapena kulandira ndalama kapena mtundu wina wa ndalama, kapena umboni wa umwini wa bungwe.

M'nkhaniyi, gulu la Finance de Demain wadzipereka kukuuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza zida zachuma. Koma choyamba, nayi protocol yomwe imakulolani kuti mupange yanu Bizinesi yoyamba pa intaneti.

Tiyeni

🌿 Kodi chida chandalama ndi chiyani?

Chida chandalama chimatanthawuza mtundu uliwonse wazinthu zomwe zingagulidwe ndi osunga ndalama, kaya ndi chinthu chogwirika monga katundu kapena ngongole.

Zida zandalama zithanso kuphatikizira ndalama zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogulitsa, m'malo mwa chinthu chimodzi. Ndizinthu ziti zomwe zikuyenera kukhala zida zandalama? Itha kukhala chilichonse kuyambira ndalama mpaka masheya.

Zida zandalama zitha kukhala zolemba zenizeni kapena mapangano enieni, oyimira umwini wa chinthu chamtengo wapatali. Pali magulu angapo osiyanasiyana oyenera kuwaganizira.

• Zida zandalama zotengera Equity: mgwirizanowo ukuimira umwini wopindulitsa wa katunduyo
• Zida Zachuma Zothandizidwa ndi Ngongole: mgwirizano umaimira ngongole yopangidwa ndi Investor kwa mwiniwake wa katunduyo
• Zida zachuma zakunja: mgwirizanowu ukukhudzana ndi mitengo yosinthira ndalama za Forex

Chitsanzo cha chida chachuma

XYZ Limited ndi kampani yakubanki yomwe imapereka zida zandalama monga ngongole, ma bond, ngongole zanyumba, masheya ndi zotetezedwa zothandizidwa ndi katundu kwa makasitomala ake.

Izi zitha kukhala ngati chuma chamakampani aku banki omwe atchulidwa koma kwa makasitomala, ndingongole zandalama zokha zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa ndi iwo panthawi yake.

Nkhani yoti muwerenge: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa msika wamalo ndi msika wamtsogolo?

Kumbali inayi, ndalama zomwe makasitomala akuba ku banki amakhala ngati ndalama kwa makasitomala omwe amasunga zomwezo pomwe ali ndi ngongole yamakampani aku banki.

🌿 Mitundu ya zida zachuma

Zida zandalama zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: zida zotengera ndalama, zida zandalama kapena zida zosinthira ndalama zakunja.

1. Zotengera

Zotengera angatanthauzidwe ngati zida zomwe mikhalidwe yake ndi mtengo wake ungachokere kuzinthu zomwe zili pansi pake monga chiwongola dzanja, indices kapena katundu, pakati pa ena. Mtengo wa zida izi ukhoza kupezedwa kuchokera ku ntchito ya chigawo chapansi.

Zotuluka ndi zida zandalama zomwe mtengo wake umatsimikiziridwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zili pansi pake, monga chuma, ndalama, ma bond, masheya ndi ma indices amsika.

Zitsanzo zisanu zodziwika bwino za zida zotumphukira ndi mapangano opangira, tsogolo, zam'tsogolo, zosankha, ndi ma swaps. Mfundoyi ikukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Synthetic Foreign Exchange Agreement (SAFE): SAFE imapezeka pamsika wapa-the-counter (OTC) ndipo ndi mgwirizano womwe umatsimikizira kusinthanitsa kwapadera panthawi yomwe mwagwirizana.

Forward : A forward ndi mgwirizano wapakati pa maphwando awiri omwe amaphatikizapo zotuluka makonda momwe kusinthana kumachitika kumapeto kwa mgwirizano pamtengo wina wake.

Tsogolo : Msika wam'tsogolo kapena wam'tsogolo ndi msika wamtsogolo womwe umapereka kusinthana kwa zotumphukira patsiku lamtsogolo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa pamtengo wokonzedweratu.

Zosankha : Chosankha ndi mgwirizano pakati pa maphwando awiri omwe wogulitsa amapatsa wogula ufulu wogula kapena kugulitsa zinthu zingapo zochokera pamtengo wokonzedweratu kwa nthawi yodziwika.

Nkhani yoti muwerenge: Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza ma indices amsika?

Kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja: Kusinthana kwa chiwongoladzanja ndi mgwirizano wochokera pakati pa maphwando awiri omwe amakhudza kusinthana kwa chiwongoladzanja pomwe gulu lililonse limavomereza kulipira chiwongola dzanja china pa ngongole zake mundalama zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kuphunzira za kusinthana ndalama pano.

2. Zida za ndalama

Zida za Treasury ndi zida zandalama zomwe mtengo wake umakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi momwe misika ilili. Amatanthauzidwa ngati zida zomwe zingakhale zosavuta kusamutsidwa ndikuwunikidwa pamsika. Mkati mwa zida za chuma, pali mitundu iwiri: zotetezedwa ndi madipoziti, ndi ngongole.

Mutu ndi chida chandalama chomwe chili ndi mtengo wandalama ndipo chimagulitsidwa posinthanitsa. Ikagulidwa kapena kugulitsidwa, chikole chimayimira umwini wagawo la kampani yogulitsidwa pagulu.

madipoziti ndi ngongole zonse zimatengedwa ngati zida zandalama chifukwa zimayimira ndalama zomwe zili ndi mgwirizano wamtundu wina pakati pa maguluwo.

3. Ndalama Zakunja Zida

Zida zosinthira ndalama zakunja ndi zida zandalama zomwe zimayimiridwa pamsika wakunja ndipo zimakhala makamaka ndi mapangano ndi zotuluka. Ponena za mapangano osinthanitsa, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu.

Nkhani yoti muwerenge: Misika yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Malo: Mgwirizano wosinthanitsa ndi ndalama zakunja komwe kusinthanitsa kwenikweni kwa ndalama sikudutsa tsiku lachiwiri la bizinesi pambuyo pa tsiku loyambirira la mgwirizano. Amatchedwa "malo" chifukwa kusintha kwachitika " pomwepo »(nthawi yochepa).

Outright Forward: Mgwirizano wosinthira ndalama zakunja momwe kusinthanitsa kwenikweni kwa ndalama kumachitikira " m'kupita kwanthawi »ndipo lisanafike tsiku lenileni la zomwe mwagwirizana. Ndizothandiza ngati kusinthasintha kwa mitengo yakusinthana komwe kumasintha nthawi zambiri.

Kusintha ndalama: Kusinthana kwa ndalama kutanthauza kugula ndi kugulitsa nthawi imodzi ndalama zomwe zili ndi masiku amtengo wosiyanasiyana.

Magulu azinthu zandalama

Kupitilira mitundu ya zida zandalama zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zida zandalama zithanso kugawidwa m'magulu awiri azinthu. Mitundu iwiri ya zida zandalama ndi zida zandalama zotengera ngongole ndi zida zandalama.

1. Zida zandalama zotengera ngongole

Zida zandalama zotengera ngongole zimagawidwa ngati njira zomwe bungwe lingagwiritse ntchito kuti liwonjezere kuchuluka kwa ndalama mubizinesi. Zitsanzo ndi ma bond, debentures, ngongole zanyumba, Ndalama za US Treasury, makhadi ndi mizere yangongole (LOC).

Ndiwofunika kwambiri pamabizinesi, chifukwa amalola makampani kuwonjezera phindu lawo kudzera mukukula kwa likulu lawo.

2. Equity-based Financial Instruments

Zida zandalama zotengera chuma zimasankhidwa kukhala umwini wovomerezeka wa bungwe.

Amathandiza makampani kukulitsa ndalama zawo kwa nthawi yayitali poyerekeza ndi ngongole, koma amapindula chifukwa chakuti mwiniwakeyo alibe udindo wobweza ngongole iliyonse.

Kampani yomwe ili ndi chida chandalama chogwirizana ndi equity ingasankhe kuyika ndalama zambiri mu chidacho kapena kugulitsa nthawi iliyonse yomwe ingafune.

🌿 Momwe mungasankhire zida zoyenera zachuma?

Monga mukuonera, pali mitundu yambiri ndi zitsanzo za zida zachuma. Kodi mungasankhire bwanji njira yabwino yothetsera zosowa zanu zachuma? Nawa malangizo kukumbukira kuti gulu la Finance de Demain kudziwika.

1. Khalani ndi zolinga zenizeni zachuma

Zida zandalama zimatha kukuyikani panjira yoyenera kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zanu zandalama, koma muyenera kuzifotokozera poyamba.

Izi zitha kukhala zolinga zanthawi yochepa monga kukweza ndalama kuti muthe kulipira bizinesi yatsopano, kapena cholinga chanthawi yayitali monga kupeza ndalama zopuma pantchito msanga.

Zida zina zimakhala zokhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa, pomwe zina ndi ndalama zanthawi yayitali.

2. Unikani mbiri yanu yowopsa

Tonsefe timakhala ndi mbiri zosiyanasiyana zowopsa, kusakaniza zinthu zamaganizidwe monga kulolerana kwachiwopsezo ndi zofunikira pazofunikira.

Ngati muli ndi chikhumbo chachikulu cha chiopsezo, zida zandalama zomwe zikukhudzana ndi msika wa masheya zingakhale zabwinoko kuposa ma bondi a boma omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa ndi malipiro ochepa.

Mwachibadwa, luso lanu loika moyo pachiswe liyenera kuganiziridwanso. Eni mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono atha kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa zoti asungire, pomwe thumba loyang'anira nthawi yayitali lingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri.

3. Kumvetsetsa ubwino wa chida chilichonse chandalama

Pali ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu yonse ya zida zachuma. Muyenera kuyerekeza zinthu monga cholinga, mlingo wa chiopsezo, kasamalidwe, ndi nthawi musanapange chisankho.

Mwachilengedwe, mulingo wanu woyambira ndalama uyenera kugwirizana ndi equation; musamawononge ndalama zomwe simungakwanitse kutaya.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa momwe chidacho chimagwirira ntchito, choncho fufuzani pazachuma kapena malonda a Forex musanayike ndalama. Omwe ayamba kumene kuyika ndalama angafune kumamatira kuzinthu zopanda zovuta zachuma monga ma mutual funds.

Pomaliza, funani thandizo kwa akatswiri oyang'anira ndalama mukakayikira. Momwemo muyenera kukhala ndi a zosiyanasiyana mbiri okhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya zida zandalama zopangira zotchingira. Katswiri adzayikidwa bwino kuti akuthandizeni.

🌿Ubwino wa zida zachuma

The Financial Instrument ili ndi maubwino angapo:

• Katundu wamadzimadzi monga ndalama ndi zofanana ndi ndalama ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa mabizinesi chifukwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polipira mwachangu kapena kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma.
• Okhudzidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka m'bungwe lomwe lagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri m'ndalama zawo.
• Zida zandalama zimapereka chithandizo chachikulu pakulipirira zinthu zogwirika. Izi ndizotheka kudzera mukusamutsa ndalama kuchokera kuzinthu zogwirika poyamikira katundu wogwirika mukusowa.
• Czida zachuma kufalitsa chiwopsezo molingana ndi kuthekera koyika pachiwopsezo cha anzawo omwe adatenga nawo gawo pakukwaniritsidwa kwa ndalama muzinthu zosaoneka.
• Makampani omwe amasankha kupanga ndalama muzinthu zenizeni amapeza ndalama zambiri chifukwa amapeza ndalama zosiyanasiyana, amalimbana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo, komanso amathanso kuthana ndi kusatsimikizika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ndale.

Zida zachuma monga equity imagwira ntchito ngati gwero lokhazikika landalama ku bungwe. Pankhani ya ma equity shares, kubweza kwa magawo kwa eni masheya kumakhala kosankha.

🌿 Zoyipa zida zachuma

Zolepheretsa ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana za Financial Instrument ndi izi:

• Katundu wamadzimadzi monga ma balansi mu ma savings accounts ndi ma depositi ena akubanki amakhala ochepa potengera kubweza ndalama kapena kubweza ndalama. Chiwerengerochi ndi chachikulu chifukwa palibe zoletsa kuchotsa madipoziti kumaakaunti osungitsa ndalama ndi mabanki ena.
• Zinthu zamadzimadzi monga ma depositi ndalama, akaunti ya msika wa ndalama, etc. akhoza kuletsa mabungwe kuti asachoke kwa miyezi kapena nthawi zina zaka kapena chilichonse chomwe chafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano.
• Ngati bungwe likufuna kuchotsa ndalamazo lisanathe nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa mu mgwirizano, ndiye kuti ikhoza kulangidwa kapena kulandira ndalama zochepa. Mitengo yokwera kwambiri imakhudzidwanso ndi mabungwe omwe amachita kapena akufuna kuthana ndi zida zandalama.

Bungwe lisadalire kwambiri ngongole monga principal ndi chiwongola dzanja chifukwa zikuyembekezeka kulipidwa moyenerera.

Zida zandalama, monga ma bond, zimatulutsa zochepa kwambiri kuposa masheya. Makampani amatha ngakhale kusakhazikika pama bondi.

Zina mwa zida zandalama monga equity ndizolemetsa moyo wonse pabizinesi. Equity imagwira ntchito ngati cholemetsa chosatha mu bungwe. Equity sangathe kubwezeredwa ngakhale bungwe liri ndi ndalama zokwanira.

Komabe, molingana ndi zosintha zaposachedwa, makampani atha kusankha kubweza masheya awo pazifukwa zolepherera koma izi zimatengera mikhalidwe ina.

🌿 Kodi tiyenera kukumbukira chiyani?

• Zotengera ngati zam'tsogolo ndi zam'tsogolo zitha kubweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, koma ngati izi zitagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Ngati izi zitagwiritsidwa ntchito mosayenera, zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso kuwonongeka kwa bungwe.
• Mabungwe ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri pochita ndi swaps, popeza ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
• une kasamalidwe kabwino ka zida ndalama zingathandize mabizinesi kuchepetsa ndalama zakuthupi ndikukulitsa malonda ndi phindu.
• Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe sangakwanitse kapena alibe mwayi wopeza ngongole komanso kusunga ndalama mwadongosolo.
• Les zida zandalama zosakhazikika perekani ntchito zosinthika kutengera zosowa za munthu payekha. Itha kuyambika ndikumalizidwa mphindi zingapo mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa chomwe chikufunika ndi risiti yosavuta kapena mgwirizano wapakamwa.

🌿 Kutsiliza

Pomaliza, tinganene kuti zida za ndalama sizili kanthu koma chikalata chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati chuma cha bungwe limodzi komanso udindo wa bungwe lina.

Izi zitha kukhala ngati ma bond, ndalama ndi zofanana ndi ndalama, ma depositi akubanki, masheya, magawo omwe mumakonda, ndi zina. Mtundu uliwonse wa chida chachuma uli ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake.

Zida zandalama ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuti zipindule kwambiri. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kuchepetsa mtengo wawo ndikukulitsa ndalama zawo.

Chifukwa chake, mabungwe akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwiritsa ntchito zida zandalama moyenera kuti apindule kwambiri ndikuchotsa zoopsa zomwe zingabwere.

Ngati ndinu mlangizi wazachuma, ndiye kuti mutha kutisiyira zomwe mwakumana nazo mu ndemanga. Koma musananyamuke, nayi maphunziro athunthu pazamalonda pa intaneti.