Humbowo hweBasa, Humbowo hweBasa uye Humbowo hweNguva Yakapfuura

Humbowo hweBasa, Humbowo hweSiti, Humbowo hweNguva Yakapfuura, Chii ichocho? Mune yakapihwa blockchain, iwo mabhuroki anoenderana nenguva kuitira kuti pasave nekutengesa kuriko kunogona kugadziridzwa kana kudzoserwa kumashure. Kuwedzera kweketani kune unidirectional. Zvinoreva kuti kuwedzera mabhururu matsva ndiyo chete nzira yekuvandudza a blockchain. Mune network yeruzhinji, chero node inogona kuve yakakodzera kutora chikamu mukugadzira mabhuroki matsva. Ibasa re kubvumirana algorithm kusarudza izvo node dzinova "miners" kana vagadzirisi.

Iyo yekubvumirana nzira yakakosha. Iyo inodzivirira sisitimu kubva kune dzakaipa node dzinogona kutyora nemaune mitemo yakafanotaurwa kana kuedza kuita zvemanyepo kana nhanho Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) kurwiswa. Kuti tinzwisise nzira iyi, tinofanira kunzwisisa zvitatu izvi: Humbowo hweBasa, Humbowo hweSiti, Humbowo hweNguva Yakapfuura.

Munyaya ino ndinokuratidza musiyano uripo Humbowo hweBasa, Humbowo hweSiti, Humbowo hweNguva Yakapfuura. Asi kutanga, pano crypto-Jackpot kudzidziswa izvo zvinokutendera kuti upfume ne cryptocurrencies.

handeyi

Chii chinonzi Proof of Work kana Uchapupu hwebasa?

Decentralization yakanga iri chikamu chakakosha chechiratidzo chekutanga chekristptocurrencies. Kuti uite izvi, nzira yaifanira kuwanikwa yekusimbisa kutengeserana pasina kupindira kwemasangano emari. Mhinduro yekutanga kune dambudziko iri yakanzi humbowo hwebasa kana Uchapupu hwebasa.

La Humbowo hweBasa (PoW) inzira yekuwedzera mabhuroko matsva ekutengesa kune cryptocurrency's blockchain. Iro basa, mune iyi kesi, nderekugadzira hashi inofanana neyakatariswa hashi yeiyo block block. Iye akabudirira cryptocurrency mugodhi anowana kodzero yekuwedzera iyo block kune blockchain uye kugamuchira mibairo.

Imwe neimwe cryptocurrency ndeyayo kana inoshanduka mu blockchain, inova rejista yeruzhinji inoumbwa nemabhuraki ekutengeserana. Ne cryptocurrencies yerudzi "uchapupu-hwebasa", imwe neimwe block yekutengeserana ine chaiyo hashi. Kuti chivharo chisimbiswe, mugodhi we cryptocurrency anofanirwa kuburitsa hashi inotangwa iri pasi kana yakaenzana neiyo block.

Kuti vaite izvi, vashandi vemigodhi vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvemigodhi zvinokurumidza kubudisa masvomhu. Chinangwa ndechekuva mugodhi wekutanga kuwana iyo yakananga hashi, sezvo vari ivo vanogona kugadzirisa iyo blockchain uye kugamuchira cryptocurrency mibairo.

Kana humbowo hwebasa huchishanda zvakanaka mu cryptocurrencies, izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvakaoma kuwana chinangwa hashi, asi kwete kuzvisimbisa. Nzira yacho yakaoma zvakakwana kudzivirira kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zvekutengeserana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana chinangwa hashi chawanikwa, zviri nyore kune vamwe vashandi vemigodhi kuti vazvionese.

Muenzaniso Uchapupu hweBasa

Heino muenzaniso wekuti Bitcoin inoshandisa sei humbowo hwebasa kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwe blockchain yayo.

Kana kutengeserana kweBitcoin kunoitika, vanopinda necheki chekuchengetedza uye vanosungirirwa mubhuroko rinocherwa. Bitcoin's proof-of-work algorithm yobva yagadzira hashi ye block. Iyo algorithm inoshandiswa neBitcoin ndeye inonzi SHA-256, uye inogara ichigadzira 64-character hashes.

Vacheri nhangemutange yekuve vekutanga kugadzira hashi inotangwa iyo yakaderera pane block hash. Iye anokunda anogona kuwedzera yekupedzisira block yekutengeserana kuBitcoin blockchain. Iye zvakare anogamuchira bitcoin mibairo muchimiro chemari ichangoburwa uye mubhadharo wekutengesa. Iyo yakanyanya bitcoin inopa yakaiswa pa 21 mamiriyoni zvidimbu, asi, kupfuura izvozvo, vashandi vemigodhi vacharamba vachiwana mari yekutengeserana kwebasa ravo.

Iyo humbowo-hwe-basa algorithm inoshandiswa neBitcoin ine chinangwa chekuwedzera chivharo chitsva maminetsi gumi ega ega. Inoita izvi nekugadzirisa kuomerwa kwe bitcoin migodhi zvichibva pakuti vacheri vemigodhi vanowedzera sei mabhururu. Kana mugodhi uchikurumidza, kuverenga kwehashi kunowedzera kuoma. Kana ikaenda zvishoma nezvishoma, vanova nyore.

Chii chinonzi Prof of Stake kana Proof of Stake?

Vagadziri veEthereum vakanzwisisa kare kuti humbowo-hwe-basa hwaizopa scalability zvisingakwanisi izvo zvinozoda kukundwa - uye zvechokwadi, sezvibvumirano zve. decentralized finance (kana DeFi) inofambiswa neEthereum yakakura mukuzivikanwa, iyo blockchain yakanetseka kuti irambe iripo, zvichiita kuti ikwire mari.

Prof of Stake (PoS) yabuda seimwe nzira yePoW. Pasinei nekubudirira kwekutanga kwebitcoin, PoW haina kukwanisa kuzadzisa kudiwa kwepamusoro, uye gare gare blockchains inoda scalability yakakura uye kukurumidza kutengesa mitengo.

Pamusoro pezvo, masisitimu ePoW anoguma ave kuda huwandu hukuru hwesimba remagetsi ekombuta anoshandiswa nevacheri. Iyo PoS algorithm yakatanga kuratidzwa muna 2011 pa Bitcointalk. Peercoin yaive yekutanga kuitora pamwe chete nePoW, asi iyo algorithm yekubvumirana yakakurumidza kupararira mune zvese zvakasiyana.

Kusiyana nePoW network inovimba nevacheri, PoS-powered blockchains inochengetedzwa nevanosimbisa. Iyo yekusimbisa maitiro muPoS inonzi "forging“. Kana node ichida kutora chikamu mukugadzira block, zvese zvazvinoda kuita kurovera chiratidzo chekuzvarwa. Hapana chikonzero chekushandisa magetsi kana kutenga michina yakakosha.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peProf weBasa naProf weStake

Kushandiswa kwesimba ndeimwe yemisiyano mikuru pakati pemagadzirirwo maviri ekubvumirana. Sezvo blockchains muProf weStake asingade kuti vashandi vemumigodhi vashandise magetsi pane zvisina basa (kukwikwidza kugadzirisa puzzle yakafanana), Prof weStake anobvumira network kuti ishande nekushandisa zvishoma zviwanikwa.

Nzira mbiri dzekubvumirana dzine migumisiro yehupfumi iyo inoranga kukanganisa kwetiweki uye kukanganisa vanoita zvakaipa. Panyaya yehumbowo hwebasa, chirango chevashandi vemigodhi vanoendesa ruzivo rusina basa kana mabhuroko ndiyo yakanyura mutengo wesimba rekombuta, simba, uye nguva.

Kutakura mune iyo prof yesiteki, crypto mari yakabatiswa nevanosimbisa inoshanda sekusimudzira kwehupfumi kuita mukufarira kwetiweki. Kana iyo validator inogamuchira yakashata block, chikamu chemari yaakabata icha“gurwa” sechirango. Mari iyo validator inogona kudzikiswa zvinoenderana netiweki.

Chii Chiratidzo Chenguva Yakapfuura?

Iyo inozivikanwawo seNhetembo, kubvumirana uku hakusi nhetembo! Iyo algorithm inonyanya kushandiswa muakabvumidzwa blockchains seHyperledger. PoET inoshandisa lottery-kunge yakangoerekana yasarudzwa kusarudza kuti ndeipi node inohwina bhuroka nyowani.

PoET yakatanga kushandiswa muHyperledger Sawtooth muna 2016/2017, yakaunzwa neIntel. THE " vadiki »inofanirwa kutanga yajoinha network, kuwana chitupa chenhengo. Kana vangove mumambure, node dzinofanirwa kumirira imwe nguva inosarudzwa zvisina tsarukano. Mucheri anofanira kumirira kanenge nguva yakatarwa asati atanga kuchera bhuroko idzva mu blockchain.

MuPoET, mucheri ane nguva shoma anosarudzwa kuti aite migodhi ye block nguva iyoyo. Iyo sisitimu inoita kunge yakanaka uye inosarudza vashandi vemigodhi vane dhigirii rakanaka rekungoitika. Haishandise magetsi akawanda uye vashandi vemumigodhi vanogona” kubatwa nehope » vachimirira nguva yavo.

POeT yakavakirwa pama processor akakosha akagadzirwa neIntel inonzi SGX - Software Guard Extensions. SGX inobvumira kupatsanurwa zvine musoro kweCPU memory iyo isingagone kuwanikwa kana kugadziridzwa. Izvi zvikamu zvinodaidzwa zvakare kuti enclaves uye zvinogona kuita mirairo yega uye ndangariro encryption.

Chete enclaves anogona kuwana uye kugadzirisa akachengetwa mukamuri iyi. Iyo kodhi yakavharidzirwa uye haigone kuwanikwa kunze kweiyo enclave. Izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakachengeteka zvakanyanya kune maitiro ari kuitika mukati meiyo enclave.

En Mhedziso

Iyo POeT michina inogadzira isina kumirira nguva yemugodhi, uye mugodhi anowana yakasainwa timer kubva kuSGX trust code. Pashure pokumirira kuti nguva ipfuure, muduku anogamuchira chitupa chinotaura kuti akamirira nguva inodiwa. Kana block ichingocherwa, mucheri anotepfenyura block nechitupa. Zvichienderana nekuti blockchain yakagadzirwa sei, mucheri anogona kana kusagamuchira mubairo webasa racho.

Izvi ndizvo zvaunofanira kuziva nezve transaction verification uye nzira dzekusimbisa mu blockchain. Asi usati waenda, heino a zadzisa kudonhedza kutumira kudzidziswa kwaunogona kutenga.