Iwo akakosha pfungwa dzeIslam Finance

Zvinofadza kukuona zvakare pane ino blog. Unogamuchirwa nguva dzose. Nhasi ndoda kuziva kana iwe uri mudiwa weIslamic finance. Kana hongu, uri panzvimbo chaiyo; ukasadaro verenga kusvika kumagumo. Ini ndinopa kwamuri pfungwa dzeIslam mari. Aya mazano akakosha achakubvumidza iwe kuziva izvo zvekutanga zveIslam mari.

Ndinokurudzira kuti uverenge kusvika kumagumo. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchida kutora kutonga kwemari yako pachako mumavhiki matanhatu chete, Ini ndinokupa iyi hyper-efficient gwara. Asi usati watanga, heino kudzidziswa kunokubvumira kuti uite kuwana 1000euros/zuva pa5euros.com.

Iwo 49 pfungwa dzakakosha dzemari yechiIslam

➤ Al-Ajr

Zvinoreva komisheni kune muripo kana mubairo invoice yebasa raitwa. 

➤ Al Rahn Al

Urongwa hwokuti chinhu chinokosha chinoiswa sechibatiso chechikwereti. Warranty inogona kutamiswa kana paine chirema.

➤ Al Wadia

Iko kutengeswa kwezvinhu nemutengo wakaderera pamutengo wakaratidzwa pakutanga. 

➤ Amana/Amana

Chaizvoizvo Amana inoreva kuvimbika, kuvimbika, kutendeseka. Nehunyanzvi: kukosha kwakakosha kwechiIslam nzanga muhukama hwehukama.

Izwi iri rinotaurawo nezve escrow deposits. Munhu anogona kubata pfuma achimiririra mumwe, dzimwe nguva zvichienderana nechibvumirano. 

➤ Bai al Dayn

Iyi imari yechikwereti. Ndiko kuti, kupihwa kwezviwanikwa zvemari zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa, kutengeserana uye masevhisi nenzira yekutengesa / kutenga zvinyorwa zvekutengesa.

Iyo Bai al-Dayn inzvimbo yenguva pfupi ine kukura kusingapfuuri gore rimwe. Mapepa chete anomiririra zvikwereti zvinobva kubhanafide commercial transaction anogona kutaurirana. 

➤ Bai Al-Arboon/'Arbun

Icho chibvumirano chekutengesa pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza kunoitwa mberi kwekubhadhara kwechikamu chemutengo wezvinhu zvakatengwa zvakatengwa. Mari iyi inochengetwa kana mutengi akatadza kuita zvaanosungirwa. Kondirakiti iyi yakafanana neyemhando yepamusoro yekufona.

➤ Bai Bithaman Ajil

Icho chibvumirano chekutengeswa kwezvinhu nekubhadhara kwakaverengerwa. Bhangi rinotenga zvinhu zvikuru kana kuti zvinhu zvakumbirwa nemutengi rozomutengesazve kwaari nemutengo wakabvumiranwa, pamwe chete nemuchero wake wepurofiti.

Mutengi anogona kubhadhara muzvikamu zvakati wandei pane yakafanotsanangurwa nguva, kana mukubhadhara kumwe chete. Kondirakiti iyi yakafanana nekondirakiti yekwaMurabaha asi nekubhadhara kwakamiswa. 

➤ Bai Muajjal (chibvumirano chekubhadhara chakamisikidzwa)

Icho chibvumirano chinopa kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvine muripo wakamisikidzwa. Bhangi kana capital provider inotenga zvinhu (assets) pachinzvimbo chekambani. Bhanga rinozotengesera mutengi zvinhu zvacho nemutengo waunobvumirana pamwe nepurofiti.

Iyo kambani inogona kubhadhara mari yakazara pane imwe nguva inotevera kana kuita mubhadharo wechikamu pane yakafanotaurwa. Kondirakiti iyi yakafanana nekondirakiti yeMurabaha pakuti inotengesawo chikwereti. 

➤ Le Bai/Bay'

Izwi rinoreva kutengesa. Inoshandiswa sechivakashure kana ichitaura nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzemaIslam mari. Bai al-Dayn semuenzaniso.

➤ Baitul Mal

Ipfungwa inoreva mari

➤ Shariah

Ndiyo seti yezvinyorwa zvinotonga hupenyu hweMuslim. Iwo mutemo wechiIslam wakatorwa mumagwaro matsvene eKoran neSunnah.

➤ Sharia-inoenderana 

Ndiwo hunhu hwekuvhiya kunoonekwa sekuenderana neSharia.

➤ Komiti Yekutevedzera Sharia (Sharia Board)

Ikomiti yenyanzvi mumutemo wechiMuslim inopa zano kusangano rezvemari reIslam rekuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana neSharia. 

Inoona zvakare kuti mashandiro anoitwa nebhanga anoenderana nemutemo weSharia. Zvakare, kuti usapfuure chiyero chechinyorwa ichi, tarisa chinyorwa chedu pamusoro peMasimba uye Kusimba kweSharia Kudzora muIslam Banking.

➤ korani

Icho chinyorwa chinoera muIslam. Inounza pamwe chete muchimiro chemasura nemavhesi zvakazarurwa zvakaitwa naMwari kumuporofita Mohammad kuburikidza nengirozi Gabrieri kwemakore angangoita makumi maviri (612-632 AD).

Kumutendi wechiMuslim, Korani ndicho chiedza chehupenyu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chinyorwa ichi chichionekwa sekutanga kwemutemo wechiMuslim.

➤ Dayn

Dayn izita rechikwereti mumari yechiIslam. Zvikwereti izvi hazvina mhindu.

➤ Dirham

Ndiyo chikamu chemari, kazhinji imari yesirivha, yaishandiswa kare munyika dzinoverengeka dzeMuslim uye ichiri pamutemo mune dzimwe nyika idzi, dzakadai seMorocco neUnited Arab Emirates.

➤ Fatwa

Ipfungwa, pfungwa inotaurwa nenyanzvi mumutemo wechiIslam. 

➤ fiqh

Iyi ndiyo mitemo yeIslam. Inonzi zvakare sainzi yeSharia. Icho chinhu chakakosha chehupfumi hweIslam. 

➤ Gharar

Rinoreva kusava nechokwadi. Ichi chimwe chezvitatu zvakakosha zvinorambidzwa mumari yechiIslam. Iyo Gharar mhedzisiro isina chokwadi inokonzeresa mazwi asina kujeka ane chekuita nemakondirakiti ekutsinhana. 

➤ Hadith

Iyi ndiyo nyaya; nhoroondo yeshoko, zviito, chiito, kusiiwa, mvumo yeMuporofita Muhammad.

➤ harami

Ndiwo hunhu hwezvose zvisiri pamutemo. Chinhu chipi nechipi chisingabvumirwi nemutemo hachisi pamutemo uye naizvozvo haramu.

➤ Chihawayi

Chaizvoizvo izwi iri rinoreva bhiri rekutsinhana, cheki cheki, cheki kana dhizaini. Nezvehunyanzvi mukwereti anoendesa mutoro wekubhadhara chikwereti chake kune wechitatu uyo ​​ari mukwereti wake. Basa rekubhadhara nokudaro rinogara kune wechitatu bato.

Hawala inzira inobvumira kugadziriswa kwemaakaundi epasi rese nekuchinjisa accounting. Iyo inonyanya kubvisa kudiwa kwekutamisa mari kwepanyama. Rinoreva kudai inowanikwa mumari yechivanhu.

➤ Hawk 

Pfungwa iyi inoreva gore remwedzi.

➤ Rent

Icho chibvumirano chekurenda pasi pemitemo iyo bhangi inotenga asset kune mutengi uye yobva yaibhadhara kwenguva yakatarwa. 

➤ Ijara-wa-Iqtina

Izvo zvakafanana neIjara inoratidzwa pamusoro apa, nemusiyano wekuti mutengi ane sarudzo yekutenga zvakanaka pakupera kwechibvumirano. 

➤ Ijma

Izvi zvibvumirano, zvibvumirano zvakabvumirana pakati pevadzidzi vose veFiqh venguva. Ndiyo imwe yemabviro mana eFiqh.

➤ Zvinoshamisa

Chibvumirano icho mugadziri anobvuma kugadzira uye kuendesa chakanaka kana kuvaka nemutengo wakapihwa pazuva rakapihwa remangwana. 

➤ Jahala kusaziva

Izwi iri rinoshandiswa apo, panguva yekupedzisa kwechibvumirano chekutengesa, mutengo hauzivikanwi.

➤ Ju'alal

Chaizvoizvo zvinoreva mutengo unotsanangurwa pakupihwa kwesevhisi. Iri izwi dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa mupfungwa yehunyanzvi mune yeIslam banking modhi. 

➤ kafalah

Icho chibvumirano chevimbiso iyo munhu wechitatu anovimbisa chikwereti chemumiririri ane chikwereti. Basa rechikwereti vis-à-vis mukweretesi saka rinosara nemapato maviri echibvumirano. Sezvakaita chibvumirano cheHawala, Kafala haaburitse chero mutengo kunze kwemitengo yekutonga.

➤ Maysir

Iri izwi rinoreva kubhejera. Chimwe chezvitatu zvakakosha zvinorambidzwa mumari yechiIslam. Ndiyo imwe yezvitatu zvakakura kurambidzwa kwemari yeIslam padivi peRibâ neGharar.

Kurambidzwa kwaMaysir kunowanzoshanda sechikonzero chekushoropodza tsika dzechinyakare dzemari dzakadai sekufungidzira, inishuwarenzi yechinyakare uye zvinobva. 

➤ Mudaraba

Icho chibvumirano chekudyara mari pakati pebhangi nemutengi waro. Iyo inzira yekubhadhara mari inoshandiswa nemabhanga echiIslam umo mari yacho inopihwa zvizere nebhanga apo rimwe bato rinotarisira chirongwa.

Mhindu inogovaniswa zvinoenderana nekiyi yekugovera yakagadziriswa pachine nguva uye chero kurasikirwa kunotakurwa nemuisi. 

➤ Mudarib

Muchibvumirano, munhu kana bato rinoshanda sekondirakiti rinonzi Mudarib. 

➤ Muqayada

Ikondirakiti yekutsinhana kwehuwandu x hwechinhu chisina kubikwa ichipikisa huwandu y hwechimwe chinhu chisina kubikwa zvisingasanganisire kuchinjana kupi zvako kwemari. Huwandu hunotarwa pahwaro hwemitengo yemusika yezvinhu zvinotengeswa.

➤ murabaha

Ikondirakiti yemari yakasainwa pakati pebhangi nemutengi waro. Icho chimiro chechikwereti chinobvumira mutengi kutenga pasina kutora chikwereti chinobereka mhindu. Bhangi rinotenga chakanaka uye rozotengesa kune mutengi pane imwe nguva. 

➤ Musawama

Inogona kutsanangurwa sechibvumirano chekare chekutengesa umo mutengi asingazivi mari yepurofiti inoshandiswa nemutengesi.

➤ Musharaka

Iyo mubatsiri wemari inofanana neMoudharaba umo mamiriro ekugovanisa purofiti anofanotsanangurwa uye kurasikirwa kunoenderana nemari yaiswa. Icho chimiro chekutsvaga mari. 

➤ Nissab 

Ndiyo chikumbaridzo chemutero kubva icho munhu anobhadhara Zakat. Iyo yakaenzana ne85 magiramu egoridhe kana hupfumi hunofungidzirwa hunosvika zana nemakumi mashanu emaeuro. Iyo Zakat mutero mwero ndeye 1500%.

➤ Qad Hasan

Izvi zvikwereti zvekubatsira, pasina mubereko kana purofiti. Zvakanyanya kufanana nerubatsiro pane chikwereti chekutengeserana. Iyi tekinoroji hainyanyi kushandiswa nevemabhizimisi.

Kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo (muchiitiko chekuoma kwemunhu kana kambani, kana patinoshuva kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwezvikamu zvinobuda).

➤ Rab Al Maal

Kusiyana neMudarib mumudaraba (muzvinabhizimusi) kondirakiti, Rab-al-maal ndiye munhu anodyara guta guru. 

➤ Rahn

Icho chibvumirano icho mumiriri anosimbisa chikwereti kuburikidza nechibvumirano (pledge). Rudzi urwu rwekondirakiti ine chinangwa chekudzikisira njodzi yevamwe inotakurwa nemukweretesi. Chakanakira kondirakiti iyi ndechekuti chinobvumira mumiririri kuti ape midziyo yaainayo sechibatiso asi achichengeta kushandisa kwake uye muridzi.

➤ Riba

Uku ndiko kurambidzwa kukuru mumari yechiIslam. Icho chimwe chezvitatu zvakakosha zvinorambidzwa mumari yeIslam padivi peGharar naMaysir. Chaizvoizvo zvinoreva kuwedzera kusiri pamutemo kana kuwedzera.

Nehunyanzvi, chero kuwedzera kana kubatsirwa kunowanikwa nemukweretesi ari mamiriro echikwereti. Chero chipi nechipi chisina njodzi kana "chakavimbiswa" chiyero chekudzoka pachikwereti kana chekudyara chinowira pasi peRibâ.

➤ Salami

Icho chibvumirano chinopa kubhadharwa kwezvinhu zvinounzwa gare gare. Muchokwadi iyo Salam inotengesa chikwereti chekutengesa. Ndiko kuti, mutengi anobhadhara zvinhu nhasi uye anozvigamuchira gare gare mushure mekugadzirwa kana kugadzira.

Kunyangwe pasina kutengesa kunokwanisika kana zvinhu zvisipo panguva yechibvumirano, rudzi urwu rwekutengesa rwakasiyana pasi peMutemo weMuslim.

Inotenderwa kupihwa kuti zvinhu uye zuva rekutumira zvinotsanangurwa. Kutengeswa uku kunowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvenyama, kusasanganisa goridhe nesirivha, izvo zvinoonekwa semari.   

➤ sukuk

Izvi zvisungo zveIslam. Zvakafanana ne-asset-backed bond, iyo Sukuk i bepa rekutengesa iro rinopa investor chikamu chemuridzi mune iri pasi peasset uye inomuvimbisa mari nekudaro.

Sangano rinoburitsa rinofanirwa kuona zvinhu zviripo kuti zvitengeswe kune vanoisa mari yeSukuk, kuburikidza nekuendeswa kune chakakosha chinangwa sangano.

Vagadziri vemari vanozonakidzwa neusfruct yezvinhu izvi, zvichienderana nekudyara kwavo. Vanowanzo takura njodzi yechikwereti yeanopa pane njodzi chaiyo ine chekuita nemidziyo inochengetwa nesangano rine chinangwa chakakosha.

Sukuk inogona kunyorwa uye kuyerwa zvichienderana nemusika unotangwa asi Hazvisungirwi. Sukuk inowanzo kupihwa nemakambani, mamwe masangano emari uye nyika dzakazvimirira. 

Tarisa chinyorwa chedu paSukuk: Islamic Bonds

➤ sunnah

Izwi iri rinoreva tsika dzechiIslam dzakatorwa kubva pamuenzaniso wehupenyu hweMuporofita Muhammad. Gwaro iri rinounza pamwechete mashoko ose nekuturikira kweMuporofita kuvanhu.

➤ Takaful (Takaful)

Aya ndiwo mainishuwarenzi echiIslam. Inotora fomu yeinishuwarenzi yemubatanidzwa pamwe nekuunganidza mari, zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekubatsirana. MuTakaful system, nhengo dzese inshuwarisi uye vane mapolicy.

Inishuwarenzi yechivanhu inorambidzwa muIslam nekuti ine akati wandei eHaram zvinhu zvakaita seGharar uye Ribâ. Unogona kubvunza chinyorwa chedu nezve inishuwarenzi yeIslam: Takaful

➤ Tawarruq

Ichi ndicho chibvumirano cheMurabaha. Iyi inzira yezvemari iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uwane mari yechikwereti nekutenga nzvimbo inobatwa nebhangi muzvikamu.

Vanyoreri vanozopa mvumo kubhangi kuti vatengese, pachinzvimbo chavo, mugove wavo muchivakwa kune wechitatu bato mukutengesa mari uye vozoisa mari yekutengeswa muakaundi yavo.

➤ Wadiah

Iyo chibvumirano cheIslam system yekugadzirisa ikozvino dhipoziti kana saving account. Mumabhanga echiIslam, dhipoziti yekuda kana maakaundi ekuchengetedza haaburitse mari yemubereko.

Kuti unzwisise zviri nani mashandiro anoita maakaundi aya, ndinokurudzira kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu Iwo chaiwo emabhanga echiIslam.

➤ wakala

Izwi iri rinoturikira neimwe nzira hukama hwesangano. Kureva kuti, kugadzwa kwemumwe munhu kuti aite basa achimiririra boka guru rinopesana nekubhadhara komisheni.

🌿 Summary ...

Iwe une 49 pfungwa dzakakosha dzemari yechiIslam. Kana uine zvimwe zvinokunetsa, usakanganwa kuvabvunza mumashoko. Ndinokutendai nekuvimbika kwenyu. Usati waenda, heino dzidziso inokudzidzisa kutengesa mazano paInternet. Dzvanya pano kuti uitenge.