Misika yemasheya yakanakisa munyika

Musika wemasheya musika wevanoisa mari, vangave vanhu kana nyanzvi, varidzi veakaundi yemusika wemasheya, vanogona kutenga kana kutengesa securities dzakasiyana. Nekudaro, iyo yakanakisa misika yemasheya inoita basa repakati muhupfumi hwenyika. Ivo vanobatsira mabhizinesi kukwidza mari nekupa mashareti, mabhondi kune vanoisa mari kuti bhizinesi riwedzere, mari yekushandisa inodiwa, mari yekushandisa, nezvimwe.

Si uri investor kana kungoti kambani inoshuvira kuvhura capital yayo kune veruzhinji, ipapo ruzivo rweakanakisa misika yemasheya ichave yakakosha kwauri.

nhasi Finance de Demain Consulting zvipo kwauri, zvinoenderana nemusika wavo capitalizations, iwo akanakisa misika yemasheya munyika. Tisati takurukura nyaya iyi, ngatitangei tanzwisisa kuti musika wemasheya chii, inonyanya kuzivikanwa seStock Exchange.

Chii chinonzi Stock Exchange?

musika wemasheya, inozivikanwawo sekuti musika wemasheya, isangano rinobvumira munhu kana kambani kutenga nekutengesa securities. Chengetedzo inogona kuve masheya, mabhondi anoburitswa nekambani kana hurumende uye akasiyana zvemari zviridzwa munzvimbo yeruzhinji.

Kuchinjana kwemasheya kunopa hunhengo kune vakatemerwa securities broker uye nhengo dzinoita sevarevereri pakutenga nekutengesa kwesecurities. Kutsinhana kunovimbisa kutevedzwa kwemitemo yekutengeserana kwakanaka uye kutevedzera zvine chekuita nemabasa ekutengesa pachawo. Kutsinhana kwemasheya kune ma indices akasiyana anoshanda semupimo wehutano hwehupfumi.

Mazuva ano, dzinenge dzese dzekuchinjana dziripo semisika yemagetsi. Mutengo wemusika wechikamu chepasi chekambani uye zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakaita semafuta, goridhe, mhangura, nezvimwe. zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye kugovera mamiriro mumusika sezvo vatengi nevatengesi vanoisa yavo yekuuraya mirairo.

Nhoroondo yemisika yemasheya

Iyo yekare uye yekutanga stock exchange yakatangwa kare pamusoro pegumi nematanhatu muEurope, muNetherlands. MaDutch East Indian stocks aishandiswa kutengesa pane stock exchange. Basa guru rekuchinjana ndere kuona kuti pane mari yakakwana mumusika.

Iyo yakakura kuchinjana, zviri nani kune vese vanobatana. Kune akatenderedza makumi matanhatu makuru emasheya kutenderera pasirese.

Iwo gumi akanakisa misika yemasheya munyika

Isu takanyora rondedzero yemisika gumi yepamusoro yemisika yepasirese zvichibva pane data yemari yemusika yakapihwa neWorld Federation of Exchanges. Handeyi.

1. Iyo New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

NYSE ndiyo musika mukuru wemasheya pasi rose, uri pa11 Wall Street, New York City, United States. NYSE ine mazana maviri nemakumi mana emakambani akanyorwa anosanganisira akawanda eblue chip makambani akaita seWalmart, Berkshire Hathaway Inc, JP Morgan Chase, nezvimwe.

Ndiyo imwe yemisika yekare yakavambwa muna 1792. Mari yemusika yemakambani ese akanyorwa paNYSE inoita $22,9 trillion muna 2021.

Avhareji yemazuva ese yekutengesa vhoriyamu iri pakati 2 uye 6 bhiriyoni sharess. NYSE ndiyo chete shanduko muUnited States inopa kutengesa kwepasi kune vatengesi vakuru. Inopa kutengesa mune dzakasiyana siyana zvemari zviridzwa sekuchinjana-kutengesa mari (ETFs), masheya, mabhondi uye akati wandei sarudzo.

Mamiriro evaridzi veNYSE akachinja muna 2006, payakabatana neArchipelago Holdings kuti iite NYSE Group, Inc. Tichitarisira shanduko iyi, zvigaro zvekupedzisira pakuchinjana zvakatengeswa muna Zvita 2005.

Vese vane zvigaro vakava vagovanisi ve NYSE Group. Kubatanidzwa neEuronext NV, boka reEuropean stock exchanges, rakagadzira kambani inobata NYSE Euronext muna 2007. Muna 2008, NYSE Euronext yakawana American Stock Exchange (yakazonzi NYSE Amex Equities).

Indekisi huru yekutsinhana iyi ndeye iyo DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE.

2. NASDAQ

NASDAQ inomirira National Association of Securities Dealers Automated quotes. Ndiyo yechipiri yakanakisa musika wemasheya munyika. Yakagadzirwa muna 1971, iyo NASDAQ yakavakirwa pa151 W, 42nd Street muNew York. Ndiwo musika wemagetsi wepasi rose une mari yemusika inokwana madhora gumi nesere.

Zvitoro zvinodarika zviuru zvitatu zvakanyorwa paNASDAQ neavhareji yemusika kukosha kwemadhora 3 tiririyoni mwedzi wega wega. Makambani makuru etekinoroji akaita seMicrosoft, Google, Facebook, Tesla, Amazon, Apple, nezvimwe. dzakanyorwa ipapo. Makambani akanyorwa neNASDAQ anopa 000% yehuwandu hwemusika wepasi rose kukosha. Iyo NASDAQ index zvakare inonzi NASDAQ.

Pane chokwadi chinonakidza nezve NASDAQ stock market yauchashamisika kuziva. Iyo haina makambani akanyorwa muoiri uye gasi chikamu kana utilities chikamu. Anonyanya kuda kune tekinoroji, hutano hwehutano uye chikamu chebasa revatengi.

3. Iyo Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)

Iyo Tokyo Stock Exchange, inozivikanwawo seTosho. Iri rechitatu pakurongeka kwemisika yemisika yepasirese uye iri muTokyo, Japan. TSE yakavambwa muna 1878. TSE ine makambani akanyorwa anodarika zviuru zvitatu nemazana mashanu ane capitalization yemusika inodarika $3 trillion.

Nikkei 225, ndiyo bhenji inoumba mazana maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu mabhizinesi eJapan makongiresi akaita seHonda, Toyota, Suzuki, Sony, Mitsubishi uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Iwe uchashamisika kuziva kuti TSE yakamisa mashandiro ayo zvachose kwemakore mana mushure meHondo Yenyika II. TSE inobvumira nhengo kutengesa zvinotorwa, masheya epasi rose, mabhondi, nezvimwe. TSE account vanopfuura 1 vashandi uye inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuona kutevedzerwa kwekutengeserana uye kuongororwa kwemusika.

Zvisinei, vamwe vatori vechikamu pamusika vakanyunyuta kuti nekufamba kwemakore. Sekureva kwavo, iyo TSE yave yakakura uye yakaoma kana ichienzaniswa nekumwe kuchinjana kwepasirese. Iyo TSE ine zvikamu zvishanu.

Chikamu chekutanga chinonyora makambani makuru muJapan uye chikamu chechipiri chinonyora makambani ari pakati nepakati. Pamwe chete, zvikamu zviviri izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti “ misika mikuru ".

4. Iyo Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)

Iyo Shanghai Stock Exchange ndiyo imwe yemisika yepamusoro yemasheya munyika uye yakakura kwazvo muAsia. Inowanikwa muShanghai, China uye iri pachina zvichienderana nemusika capitalization.

Iyi stock exchange yakavambwa muna 1866 asi yakamiswa muna 1949 nekuda kwechimurenga cheChinese uye hwaro hwayo hwazvino hwakaiswa muna 1990.

Muna 2006, yakanyora zvikamu zvemakambani mazana masere nemakumi mana nemaviri, anomiririra mari yemusika wemari inosvika 842 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica.

The Shanghai Stock Exchange yakakwira ne130% muna 2006 uyezve ne97% muna 2007, simba rehupfumi hweChina richibva rakwezva mamirioni evanoisa mari kumusika. Muna Gumiguru 2007, iyo ESS Composite (main market index) yakakwira pa6 points.

Yakatambura kunyanya kubva mumatambudziko emari e2008, kurasikirwa nepamusoro pe 65,5% yehuwandu hwayo, kupera kwegore ra2008 pa 1 points, inomiririra kurasikirwa kwe820 mabhiriyoni emadhora mumusika wemari. Nhasi, SSE ine makambani eruzhinji anodarika chiuru nemazana mana nemakumi mashanu akanyorwa papuratifomu ayo ane mari yakasanganiswa yemusika inosvika madhora mazana mana emadhora.

Nekudaro, iyi musika wemasheya yakati siyanei nevaya vambotaurwa. Pano, vagadziri vemusika vanoisa mabreaker edunhu kuti adzivise kuderera kwemutengo. Pese painenge paine nhau dzisina kunaka kana kusagadzikana, hurumende yeChinese inochengetera kodzero yekumisa kutengeserana kwezuva.

5. Euronext: yakanakisa misika yemasheya munzvimbo ye euro

Iri muAmsterdam, iyo Euronext stock exchange inoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa misika misika muEurope.

Iri pachinhanho chechishanu pazvinzvimbo zvedu nemakambani anopfuura chiuru nemazana matatu akanyorwa papuratifomu ayo ane mari yemusika inodarika madhora zviuru zvina nemazana maviri. Iwo mareferensi indices ndiwo'AEX-INDEX, le PSI-20 bv Le Các 40. Avhareji yemwedzi wega wega yakazara vhoriyamu inotenderedza $174 bhiriyoni.

Euronext inoshanda yakadzorwa uye yakajeka mari uye inobuda pamisika. Chipo chayo chinovhara zvigadzirwa senge equities, ETFs (exchange traded funds), waranti uye zvitupa, mabhondi, equity derivatives, commodity derivatives uye indices.

Kutsinhana uku kunoshandisa musika unodzorwa weParis, Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, Oslo, Dublin neMilan. Inoshandisa misika yakatsaurirwa kune maSME uye ETIs akadai seEuronext Kukura uye Euronext Access. Euronext inopawo masevhisi kune wechitatu mapato.

6. Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE)

Hong Kong Stock Exchange, yakavambwa muna 1891, iri pachinhanho chechitanhatu pakurongwa kwemisika yemasheya yakanakisa pasi rose. Iyo HKSE benchmark index ndeye iyo Hang Seng index. Kune huwandu hwezvikwereti zvechikwereti zana nemazana maviri uye makambani anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi matatu akanyorwa paHKSE, ayo angangoita makumi mashanu muzana anobva kuChina.

Iyo yakazara musika capitalization yezvose zvakanyorwa zveHKSE stocks inodarika $4 trillion. HKSE inogadzira huwandu hwekutengesa hunodarika miriyoni imwe kubva pazvibvumirano zvezuva nezuva neHSCEI ramangwana.

Muna 2017, HKSE yakasimuka kubva mukutengesa muviri kuenda kune e-commerce. Mazhinji makongiresi makuru seHSBC Holdings, AIA, Tencent Holdings, China Mobile, nezvimwe. zvakanyorwa paHKSE.

7. London Stock Exchange (LSE)

London Stock Exchange, inova imwe yemisika yekare kwazvo pasi rose, ndeye uye inotungamirwa neLondon Stock Exchange Group. LSE, iyo yakavambwa muna 1698, iri pachinhanho chechinomwe pakurongwa kwemisika mikuru uye yakanakisa pasi rose.

Yakanga iri musika mukuru wemasheya pasi rose kusvika pakatanga Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Iyo NYSE yakazoishandura kuti ive yakakura kwazvo pasi rose stock exchange mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika I.

Zvisinei, LSE yakaramba zvipo zviviri zvekuwana zvakatangwa neNASDAQ pakati pe2006 ne2007. Muna 2007, yakawana Italian Stock Exchange iri muMilan ye1,5 bhiriyoni euros kuti igadzire London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). Nhasi, kune makambani anosvika zviuru zvitatu akanyorwa paLSE ane mari yakasanganiswa yemusika inodarika $3 trillion.

Makambani mazhinji anotungamira eUK akaita seBarclays, British Petroleum, Vodafone, GlaxoSmithKline, BlackRock, Qatar Holding pakati pevamwe akanyorwa paLSE. Indekisi huru yemusika uyu ndeye FTSE 250.

8. La Shenzhen Stock Exchange

Iyo Shenzhen Stock Exchange iri muShenzhen, inozivikanwa seSilicon Valley yeChina. Shenzhen ndiyo yechipiri yakakura mastock exchange muChina mushure meShanghai Stock Exchange iyo yakavambwa muna Zvita 1, 1990.

Shenzhen ndiyo yechisere pakukura uye imwe yeakanakisa mastock exchange munyika. Iyo ine pamusoro pemakambani e1400 akanyorwa papuratifomu yayo ine yakazara musika capitalization kukosha kweanosvika $3,92 tiririyoni.

Mazhinji emakambani akanyorwa pakutsinhana uku akavakirwa muChina uye zvese zviito zvekutengesa zvirimo Yuan mari. Sezvo makambani mazhinji akanyorwa ari muChina, hurumende yeChina ine simba rizere rekumisa kutengeserana kwezuva iri kana paine nhau dzakaipa kana chiitiko chinokanganisa zvikamu. China ine masheti maviri emasheya anowanikwa kune vanoisa mari nevatengesi

• A-migove izvo zvinotengeswa nemari yemuno, Yuan
• et B Migove izvo zvinotengeswa nemadhora ekuAmerica kune vanoisa mari kunze kwenyika

Indekisi huru yemusika uyu ndeye Chikamu cheSZSE.

9. Iyo Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE)

Iyo Toronto Stock Exchange ndeye uye inoshandiswa neTMX Group. TSE yakavambwa muna 1852 uye iri muToronto, Canada. TSE ine makambani angangoita zviuru zviviri nemazana maviri akanyorwa ane mari yemusika yemadhora mazana maviri nemazana maviri emadhora.

Zvishandiso zvakati wandei zvemari senge real estate investment trusts, stocks, bond, commodities, ETFs, nezvimwe. zvinotengeswa paToronto Stock Exchange neavhareji pamwedzi yekutengesa vhoriyamu yemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nemanomwe.

Kutsinhana uku kwakabva kwaita misoro yenyaya yekubatana neLondon Stock Exchange, asi chibvumirano chakazopera sezvo vagovanisi vakaramba chikumbiro ichi. Indekisi huru yemusika uyu ndeye iyo S&P/TSX.

10. Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

Bombay Stock Exchange, iyo yekare stock exchange, yakavambwa muna 1875 muAsia. Iyo inotora nzvimbo yegumi muhuwandu hwemisika yemisika yepamusoro munyika. BSE iri paDalal Street, India ine makambani anopfuura zviuru zvishanu nemazana mashanu akanyorwa pachikuva chayo. Iyo yakazara musika cap yeBSE inodarika $5 trillion.

Iyo BSE kumusha kune iyo S&P BSE SENSEX bhenji index, acronym for sensitive index. Sensex inoumbwa nezvikamu makumi matatu zvinomiririra zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfumi. Mazhinji makambani eblue chip akadai seReliance Industries, Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Tata Steel chikamu cheBSE SENSEX Index.

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