Iwo chaiwo emabhanga echiIslam

Les zvimwe zvemabhanga echiIslam akawanda. Nepo iyo yakajairwa banking system yakavakirwa pakukweretesa nemubereko, mabhanga echiIslam akavakirwa pa misimboti yakasiyana kwazvo inorairwa nemutemo wechiIslam (Sharia). Aya misimboti anosuma akawanda chaiwo maficha mukushanda uye masevhisi anopihwa nerudzi urwu rwebhangi institution.

Nekusimuka kwemari yeIslam mumakore achangopfuura, mabhanga anoremekedza zvirevo zveIslam kumutsa kufarira kunowedzera, munyika dzeMuslim uye munzvimbo dzemari dzekuMadokero. Zvakanakisisa zvavo nhasi inodarika madhora mabhiriyoni 1500 pasi rose!

Nekuda kwechinyorwa ichi, hapasisina zvakavanzika kwauri pane izvo mabhangi echiIslam uye sei dzinosiyana kubva kumabhanga echinyakare. Iwe unozoziva chaizvo mashandiro avanoita uye kuti ndeapi masevhisi avanopa kune vatengi vavo.

Wagadzirira kuziva zvese nezve mashandiro eimwe nzira yekubhengi iyi? Asi usati watanga, heino protocol inobvumidza iwe kuvaka yako bhizinesi rekutanga reinternet.

🌽 Chii chinonzi Islamic bank?

Bhanga reIslam ripi neripi bhangi rakazvipira kushandisa misimboti yemutemo weSharia mumabhangi ayo ekutengesa.

Inotsanangurwa zvakare sesangano rezvemari rine basa guru rekukwezva mari yemari uye nekuishandisa nemazvo kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuwedzera kwavo maererano. Sharia inotonga.

Tsanangudzo iyi inotaura zvinhu zvakakosha izvo mabhanga echiIslam (IB) ari zvinodiwa kuremekedza. Izvo ndezvekutevedzera zvinozivikanwa zviyero zvemutemo weSharia, kungave mukugadzira, kugovera, kushandisa kana kuchengetedza zviitiko mukati meiyo hupfumi system.

Nekudaro, BI inogona kutsanangurwa sebhangi rine hunhu hwepamutemo hunopa akasiyana-siyana Sharia-inoenderana masevhisi kune vatengi vayo. Tsanangudzo iyi inoburitsa hunhu hwebhanga reIslam.

Hunhu hwebhanga reIslam

Kusiyana nemabhangi akajairwa (BC), mabhangi echiIslam arimabhanga ane mvumo yekuita basa reunyanzvi. Vanotenderwa kuita mabasa avo nenzira yakafanana neyavanojaira. Pasinei nemirau iri kushanda munyika imwe neimwe kwainotangwa.

Ivo vanopa masevhisi uye vanochengetedza hukama hwebhangi nevatengi vavo zvinoenderana ne Islamic Sharia zviyero. MaBI anofanirwa kudzivirira mamwe maitiro akadai sechimbadzo (riba), kufungidzira uye kusava nechokwadi.

Musiyano uri mukushandiswa kwemari iyo inofanirwa kuenderana nemutemo weSharia uye zvichibva pahutongi hwechiIslam hwazvino.

IBs inoshanda semurevereri pakati pevakweretesi nevanhu vanoda kukwereta mari. Naizvozvo tinogona kutaura kuti masevhisi anopihwa nemaBI akafanana neaya anopihwa neBCs sezvo zvinangwa zvakafanana, kugutsa mutengi.

Kana mune yekare mari mutemo unotonga sarudzo dzemumiriri wehupfumi kuri kuwedzera purofiti, purofiti handiyo chete chinangwa Vashandi veIslam. Mufananidzo unotevera unokuratidza musiyano pakati pebhangi rechinyakare nebhanga reIslam.

BI inofarira kudyara muzvinhu zvinobatika, inogovana kurasikirwa uye purofiti zvakaringana nevaya vayo uye inotsigira kuwanda kwemari yemapurojekiti.

📜 Kurongeka kweIslamic Financial Institutions

Masangano emari echiIslam anogona kuiswa zvichienderana nemaitiro akati wandei. Zvichienderana nemabasa avo, nzvimbo dzavo kana kuti mabasa avo emari ndeechiIslam chose.

✔️ Kuronga maererano nemhando yezviitwa

Zvichienderana nemabasa avo, mutsauko unoitwa pakati pemakambani einishuwarenzi, Mudharaba, Islamic microfinance masangano uye mabhanga echiIslam.

MaBI anogona kunge ari mabhangi ekutengesa kana ezvitoro, kana ekudyara kana mabhangi evatengesi. Mabhangi edhipoziti ndeaya ane basa guru rekuita zvikwereti zvemadhipatimendi uye kugamuchira zvinodiwa uye nguva yekuiswa kubva kuruzhinji.

Vanonzi mabhanga ekudyara, avo vane mabasa anosanganisira kupa zvikwereti kwenguva inopfuura makore maviri. Mabhangi evatengesi, kune rumwe rutivi, ndeavo vane basa guru, kunze kwekupihwa kwezvikwereti, kutora uye kutungamirirwa kwekubata.

✔️ Classification maererano nenzvimbo

Zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzavo, tinosiyanisa mabhanga anoshanda munyika zvachose " Islamized »uye avo vanoshanda munyika dzisiri dzeMuslim.

Muchiitiko chekutanga, mabhangi anotungamirirwa nemutemo mumwe chete. Muchiitiko chechipiri, ivo vari pasi pemitemo miviri yemari (chiIslam uye yakajairwa) iyo yakawanda kana isingaenderane.

✔️ Kurongeka zvichienderana nekuti mabasa avo emari ndeechiIslam here kana kuti kwete

Zvinoenderana nechiyero ichi, mutsauko unoitwa pakati pemabhangi echiIslam akazara neaya ane chete echiIslam makabati kana mahwindo. Nekudaro, izvo zviri pamutemo zvemahwindo echiIslam aya hazvizivikanwe pamwe chete. Pane njodzi chaiyo yekusanganisa kuyerera kwemutemo uye kusiri pamutemo (kwete maererano nemutemo weIslam).

🌿 Njodzi dziripo mukuita kwemabhanga echiIslam

Pamusoro penjodzi dzataurwa pamusoro apa, kune njodzi dzakananga kumabhanga echiIslam. Iwo akabatanidzwa kune chimiro chemabasa uye tsikamabhanga echiIslam.

Mukuwedzera, iyo 3P musimboti inogadzira dzimwe njodzi dzakadai senjodzi dzekutengesa dzakadzingwa, njodzi yekuvimbika, njodzi yekuzivikanwa, njodzi yekupinzwa, njodzi yepamutemo uye kunyangwe njodzi yechitendero.

🔰 Kudzingwa kana kusuduruka njodzi yekutengesa

Le njodzi yekutengeserana yakadzingwa, zvakakosha zvikuru, zvinobva kuakaundi yekudyara inobatanidzwa inoda kugovaniswa kwepurofiti uye kurasikirwa pakati pebhangi nevaridzi vemaakaundi aya.

Njodzi iyi imhaka yekuchinjisa njodzi ine chekuita nemadhipoziti kune vanogova vebhangi. Dzimwe nguva, vagovani vanozviwana vachimanikidzwa kusiya chikamu chepurofiti yavo kuti vabhadhare vanoisa mari. Izvi zvine chinangwa chekudzivirira kubviswa kukuru kunokonzerwa ne mitengo yakaderera yekudzoka.

Kana muchirevo purofiti yakagovaniswa mureshi yechibvumirano chepamberi uye kurasikirwa kwezvinhu kuri pa basa revaridzi veakaundi, mukuita musimboti wekugovana purofiti chaiyo nevaridzi veakaundi yekudyara haisi kure nekuve tsika yakajairika yemabhanga echiIslam.

Dzimwe nguva bhanga rinozviona risingakwanisi kubhadhara chiyero chekudzoka chakaenzana nekudzoka kunogoverwa nemamwe mabhanga. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinosundidzira vanoisa mari kuti vatore mari yavo voiisa mune rimwe bhanga rinogona kuvapa kudzoka kuri nani.

Naizvozvo, BI inofanirwa kushandura mwero wekudzoka kana kuderedza chikamu chepurofiti inoenda kune vanogovana.

🔰 Kupinzwa kwenjodzi yechikwereti uye njodzi yemusika

Nhamba yemapato anobatanidzwa mukutengeserana panguva imwe chete inofumura bhangi kunjodzi yechikwereti uye njodzi yemusika. THE njodzi ye "kusungwa" zvine chekuita nenyaya yekuti kutengeserana kwechiIslam kwakawanda kune utatu.

Muenzaniso wechibvumirano murabaha inonyatso ratidza hunhu hwekuchinja kwenjodzi. Chokwadi, kupa mutengi mari ne murabaha, BI inofanira kutanga yatora asset yozoitengesa kumutengi. Achiita kudaro, iye inotamisa muridzi weasset kubva kubhangi kuenda kumutengi weasset.

Njodzi iyo bhangi inotaridzirwa inoshandurwa kubva pamusika mushure mekubata pfuma yepanyama pazuva rekutorwa kune ngozi yechikwereti panguva yekutengeswazve kweasset kumutengi. Isu tinozotaura nezvekupinzwa kwenjodzi yechikwereti uye njodzi yemusika.

🔰 Ngozi yemukurumbira

Mupfungwa yekukwikwidza nemaBC, maBIs anowanzofarira zvigadzirwa zvakafanana neizvo zveBC. Isu tinoona kuti maBI anowanzo shandisa zvibvumirano zvekutengesa kwete zvibvumirano zvekutora chikamu. THE mukurumbira ngozi saka inofanira kutorwa zvakanyanya.

Inogona kuwedzera kupfuura kubhengi pachayo uye kukanganisa iyo Islamic finance indasitiri. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, mufananidzo webhangi ungave wakaoma zvakanyanya kudzoreredza, kunyangwe mushure memakore akati wandei.

Kuvimbika kwemusika saka kwakakosha mari mukusimudzira mari iyi iyo ine chinangwa chekutora chikamu uye " juste ".

🔰 Fiduciary ngozi

Kana mukurumbira wayo warasika, maBI achasangana neimwe njodzi inonzi fiduciary risk. Iyi ndiyo njodzi yekuti vatengi vanorasikirwa nekuvimba mubhangi ravo rinotevera kusatevedzera mabasa emabhangi. Izvi ndizvo zvinokuvadza mufananidzo webhangi uye zvinotungamirira mukurasikirwa kwekuvimba.

🔰 Ngozi yepamutemo

Iyi ndiyo njodzi yematare edzimhosva ne-co-contractor nekuda kwekusarurama mune zvibvumirano zvechibvumirano. Iyi njodzi inogona zvakare kubatanidzwa kune pamutemo maropoles, ambiguities kana kusakodzera kwemitemo uye zvinyorwa zvemitemo.

Iyi njodzi inogona kunge yakabatana nekutadza kwemabasa emutemo. Kuitika kwavo kungangokonzera kurasikirwa kwakananga kana kusiri kwakananga kweBI.

🌿Islamic banking njodzi manejimendi

Maitiro ekushanda kwemaakaundi ekudyara anobatanidzwa anoita kuti maBI ave akanyanya kuratidzwa kune njodzi yekukura. Vakagadzira hunyanzvi hwekutengesa mari nekudyara izvo zvinovabvumira kuwedzera kukura kwezvinhu zvavo.

Kunyange kana ikaramba iri nguva pfupi. Iyi nzira inowedzera mibairo yekukura uye inounza zvakakomba asset-liability management issues. Senjodzi dzebhangi reIslam, isu takabvisa njodzi, njodzi yekuvimbika, njodzi yezita, njodzi yechitendero, nezvimwe.

🔰 Lkudzingwa kana kusuduruka njodzi dzekutengesa

Sezvataratidza pamusoro, njodzi yekutengeserana yakadzingwa ndeye yakaipisisa muBI. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwekudzoka kwezvinhu zvakapihwa mari nemari yakaiswa mumaakaundi ekudyara anobatanidzwa.

Iyi njodzi inozviratidza kana mwero chaiwo wekudzoka wakadzikira pane kudzoka kunotarisirwa nevane account. Kutarisana nerudzi urwu rwenjodzi, mabhangi anowanzo gadzira nzira dzakakodzera dzekutonga.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, ivo vanogona kuita seti yemaitiro anokwenenzvera mitengo yekudzoka kumaakaundi ekudyara kuitira kuti vape vane maakaundi aya chiyero chekudzoka chinoenzaniswa nechiyero chekudzoka mune mamwe mabhanga.

Aya matekiniki ekunyorovesa mareti ekudzoka anonyanya kuenderana nekufambisa kwemari mukufarira kune vane maakaundi ekudyara uye kumisikidzwa kwema reserves.

Iyo BI inogona kusiyanisa purofiti yekugovana chiyero pamwe nemubhadharo wayo se Mudarib. Zvechokwadi, chikamu chemari yebhangi chakatemwa pakutanga ndiyo yakawanda mugove. Nepo mugove wakagovaniswa unosiyana kubva pane imwe nguva kuenda kune imwe zvichienderana nechiyero chaicho chekudzoka.

BI inogona kuderedza kana kudonhedza komisheni yayo Mudarib pazasi pechikamu chakabvumiranwa. Kune izvi, zvinozopa kwenguva pfupi purofiti kana kurasikirwa kukuru kune vanogovana. Uye izvi kuti zvibatsire vanobata account account.

Pamusoro pezvo, mabhanga anogona kuenderera mberi nekuunganidza mari kubva kune vagovani nekuisa mari idzi padanho rakakura. Izvi zvinoenderana Basel II uye III zvinodiwa.

🔰 Reputation risk management

Njodzi dzezita dzakaoma kuziva, pini pasi, uwandu uye nokudaro kuderedza. Ces njodzi dziripo maitiro nekuita kwevanhu. Nenzira imwecheteyo, njodzi dzimwe nguva dzehumwe-upmanship, dzimwe nguva dzehurembe hwechitendero dzinowanikwa musarudzo dzevanhu.

MaBI anozongokwanisa kuzvidzivirira nekusimudzira dhigirii mwero wepamusoro wekuvimbika nehunhu, yakaderera kusvika padanho remunhu. Muchokwadi, mabhanga echiIslam anotambura nenhamba isina kukwana yevashandi vane ruzivo rwakakwana mumari yeIslam.

Kuti kuderedze rudzi urwu rwenjodzi, kudzidziswa kwevashandi kana kudzidzisazve uye hunyanzvi hukama hwakakosha. Uyezve, IBs inofanirwa kuita zvidzidzo zvekuona kuitira kuti iverenge rudzi urwu rwenjodzi. Kuita kudaro, BI yaigona panguva imwe chete kuderedza kushanda uye fiduciary njodzi ayo akabatanidzwawo nebasa revanhu.

Islamic banking utongi

Utongi Islamic banking ine hunhu. Mamaneja emabhanga echiIslam akazvimirira uye ane rusununguko rwakakwana mukuita sarudzo dzekudyara. Kuti izvi zviitike, vane CIP vanopinda njodzi huru uye vane maitiro mashoma ekudzvinyirira.

Zvisinei, zvakaoma kuona zvakananga maitiro ebhangi kana kuwana mamwe mashoko. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, nzira inonyanya kushanda inoita semubhadharo webhangi semaneja.

Mubairo uyu unoenderana zvakananga nekudzoka kwezvinhu zvakapihwa mari neakaundi inobatanidzwa yekudyara. Kunetsana kuripo zvakare pakati pevatungamiriri neve komiti yezano czvaizoita. Nekuti simba rekomiti iyi rine madiki.

Kurongeka kwakadaro mumashumo epagore kunopa pfungwa yakajeka yechiyero chesimba chiripo pakati pekomiti yezano uye mukuru wesangano.

🌿 Maitiro ekutonga kwemabhanga echiIslam

Netsanangudzo, michina isangano rema mechanical parts, mamwe acho anogona kufamba achiwirirana nevamwe.

Saka gungano iri hariumbe yakasimba. Nzira yekutonga isangano rakazvimirira rine basa rekudzikisa kukanganisa kwehukama hwesangano. Kutonga kwebhangi kunosiyaniswa nekukosha kwemaitiro, kunze uye mukati.

Mumabhangi echiIslam, chimwe chikamu, chikamu chechitendero (iyo Sharia komiti semuenzaniso), inowedzerwa kune idzi nzira.

✔️ Religious banking regulation

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvekutonga kwebhangi reIslam chiri padanho remutemo. Ikoko mutemo webhangi ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekutonga kwebhangi reIslam.

Icho ichokwadi chekutarisa uye kudzora basa rebhangi, nekuzviisa pasi pekuteedzera kwakasiyana siyana. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzora njodzi uye kuchengetedza chengetedzo yevanoisa mari uye kugadzikana kwehurongwa hwemari.

Mumabhanga echiIslam, mutemo unobva kumazinga akaiswa neAAIOIFI nemitemo yenyika, komiti yeBasel.

Basa rinoitwa nemutemo muBI rakafanana muBC. Nekudaro, kune iri basa rinowedzerwa chikamu chechitendero chekutonga, icho chinova nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro anoenderana nemutemo weIslam. Inotsvaga kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabhanga anozadzisa nekutendeka mamiriro akaiswa neSharia.

✔️ Dare Revatungamiri

Le bhodhi revatungamiriri ndiro dare repamusoro-soro mumabhanga echiIslam. Mamiriro ezvinhu ekanzuru aya anoumba humwe hutongi hwemabhanga Kuti uwane kanzuru iyi, vamiriri vanofanirwa kuzadzisa mamwe mamiriro.

(a) Iva wekutenda kweMuslim 

Mamiriro ekutengeserana anoitwa mumabhanga echiIslam anoda kuti nhengo dzebhodhi dzive neruzivo rwakakwana rwemutemo weIslam. Nokudaro, nhengo idzi dzinosarudzwa kubva pakati pevaMuslim.

Izvi zvinoratidza kunetseka kuchengetedza kuvimbana pakati pebhanga nevatengi varo. Kuvapo kwenhengo isiri muMuslim kwaizoisa bhanga mukupokana nemisimboti yaro.

(b) Bata nhamba yezvikamu zvinodiwa nezvinyorwa zvesangano

Nhengo dzebhodhi revatungamiri dzinofanirwa kubata nhamba shoma yezvikamu zvakatarwa nemirairo.

Magove aya ndeekudoma, haabviswe uye anoshanda kuvimbisa manejimendi akanaka pachikamu chenhengo yebhodhi revatungamiriri. Kusabvisika kwemitezo kunopera kana maneja anorega mabasa ake.

(c) Kwete kuwira mukusawirirana

Cette kurongeka hakuna kujairika kumabhanga ese echiIslam. Mamwe mabhanga anotora chimiro ichi uye anotsanangura kuti nhengo yebhodhi haigone kutora chimwe chinzvimbo mubhangi kunze kweyasachigaro webhodhi revatungamiriri (PCA), kana iyo yemaneja mukuru (DG).

✔️Dare reSharia

Kuvepo kwekomiti yeSharia chimwe chezvimwe zvekutonga kwebhangi reIslam. Sharia Council iboka rakazvimirira revatongi vezvemitemo vanoita zvechiIslamic commercial jurisprudence.

izvi dare revashandi rinoumbwa nenyanzvi yemutemo wechiIslami vanokwira kumusoro vanoburitsa maonero emutemo ane chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu epamutemo emashandiro uye zvigadzirwa zvinopihwa nebhanga uye vanodzika nepasi vanoongorora kuitiswa kwemafungiro aya.

Inosangana pakupera kwegore rega rega rezvemari kuti iongororwe zvechitendero nezvemafambisirwo emari nekudyara kwebhanga. Basa rayo guru rinotemerwa pamwe chete neAAOIFI neIFSB. Mamisheni ekanzuru ye sharia anonyanya kupetwa kashanu:

• Kubatsira masangano emari mukugadzira zvibvumirano uye zvigadzirwa kuitira kuti zvienderane nemisimboti yemutemo weIslam;
•  Certify kugamuchirwa kwemidziyo yemari kuburikidza fatwas;
•  Tarisa kuti kutengeserana kunoenderana nemafuta akapihwa;
•  Tarisa kuverenga uye kugadzirisa kwe zakat ;
•  Distribute mari isingaenderane neSharia kune rubatsiro.

✔️ Kudomwa uye kuumbwa kwenhengo dzedare reSharia

Mukuita, kugadzwa kwenhengo dzemakanzuru eSharia kunoitwa pahwaro hwechisarudzo chebhodhi revatungamiriri kana nekukurukurirana mumusangano mukuru. Mutongi anowanzofarira sarudzo yekupedzisira.

Zvinoenderana nezviyero zvakarongwa neAAOIFI, kanzuru yesharia inoumbwa nenhamba shoma nhengo nhatu (03). Izvo hazvifanirwe kusanganisira pakati penhengo idzi dhairekitori wesangano kana mugoveri ane simba rakakura. Hukuru hwekanzuru iyi hunosiyana zvichienderana nemabhanga uye hunogona kusvika nhengo nomwe (07).

✔️ Nhoroondo yenhengo dzedare reSharia

Kuumbwa kwemakanzuru Sharia isarudzo yehungwaru. Muchokwadi, kushandisa nyanzvi yezvemutemo inozivikanwa inogona kungosimbisa mukurumbira uye kuvimbika kwebhangi pakati pevatengi vayo.

Aya majurisconsults anowanzo kutevedzera kudzidziswa kwakasarudzika mumitemo yeSharia inopihwa mumayunivhesiti echiIslam.

Kubatanidza ruzivo rwakawanda, ulama kana Sharia Scholars inyanzvi mune zveIslam mari. Vanopihwa mvumo yekuburitsa fatwa yavo pahunhu halal ou haram yekondirakiti, bhizinesi, kana chigadzirwa chemari. MaUlama aya anofanira kuva neruzivo rwezvidzidzo zvouMwari, ruzivo rwemari, uye a kugona kwakakwana kwe fiqh.

✔️ Maitiro ekushanda kwemakomiti eSharia

Mukomiti ye sharia, mune mutungamiri uye pamwe mutevedzeri. Kanzuru inogona kupa chikamu chemasimba ayo kukomiti yepamusoro inova nechokwadi kuvapo kwenguva dzose. Kanzuru ye sharia iyi inogona kuendesa nyaya iyi kubhodhi revatungamiri kana paine kusawirirana panyaya iyi. Komiti iyi inoongorora mashandiro ebhanga mazuva ese uye inoona kuti Shariah yatevedzwa.

Chekupedzisira, tinogona kutaura kuti hunhu hwekutonga kwebhangi reIslam huri mukushanda kwemasangano matsva akadai sedare reSharia.

💰 Islamic investment uye dhipoziti maakaundi

Nezve kuunganidzwa kwemadhipoziti, mabhanga echiIslam anopa mafomula maviri anoenderana:

Mudaraba investment accounts

Maakaundi ekudyara eMudaraba imhando yeakaundi yeIslam inobvumira vanoisa mari kuti vagovane mupurofiti uye kurasikirwa kwepurojekiti yekudyara. Mune rudzi urwu rweakaunti, investor anopa mari inodiwa kuti muzvinabhizimusi apedze chirongwa, ukuwo muzvinabhizimusi achipa hunyanzvi hwake nebasa.

Iyo purofiti inogadzirwa nepurojekiti inogovaniswa pakati pemushambadzi uye muzvinabhizimusi zvinoenderana neyakatemerwa chiyero, nepo kurasikirwa kunotakurwa chete nemuisiri.

Izvi zvinobvumira vanoisa mari kuti vatore chikamu mumapurojekiti ekudyara zvinoenderana nemisimboti yezvemari yechiIslam, iyo inorambidza mhindu yemumba. Maakaundi ekudyara eMudaraba nekudaro anopa imwe nzira yetsika inoenderana nemisimboti yechitendero kune vanoisa mari yechiMuslim.

Musharaka participation accounts

Aya maakaundi ekutora chikamu chemusharaka imwe nzira yeakaundi yeIslam inobvumira mapato akawanda kutora chikamu mune zvemari muchirongwa chekudyara. Mune rudzi urwu rweakaunti, vanoisa mari vanopa mari inodiwa yeprojekiti uye vanogovana purofiti uye kurasikirwa zvinoenderana nehoki yavo.

Kusiyana nemudaraba investment accounts, vanoisa mari mumusharaka participation accounts vanewo mukana wekuita nekushingaira mukutungamirira chirongwa. Izvi zvinofadza pachena uye kuzvidavirira kuwirirana pakati pemapato anobatanidzwa.

Maakaundi ekutora chikamu muMusharaka anopa vatengesi vechiMuslim imwe sarudzo inoenderana nemisimboti yezvemari yechiIslam, ine simbiso yekutora chikamu kwakanaka uye kugovana njodzi.

💳 Zvakakodzera zvebhengi zvigadzirwa uye masevhisi

Kusangana nezvido zvebhangi zvazvino mukutevedzera Sharia, mabhangi echiIslam anopa zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera:

Maakaundi azvino uye maakaundi ekuchengeta

Kutarisa maakaundi uye maakaundi ekuchengetedza ari maviri marudzi emaakaundi ekubhengi inowanzoshandiswa nevanhu uye mabhizinesi. Aya maakaundi anonyanya kushandiswa kuita zvemazuva ese, sekubhadhara mabhiri uye kutenga, nepo maakaundi ekuchengetedza achishandiswa kuchengetedza mari nekufamba kwenguva.

Vanobvumira vane account kuti vaise uye vabvise mari chero nguva, pasina miganhu pa frequency kana huwandu. Vanopawo masevhisi akadai secheki, makadhi ekubhengi, uye kuchinjisa kubhangi kuti kutengeserana kuve nyore.

Maakaundi ekuchengeta, kune rumwe rutivi, akagadzirirwa kukurudzira kuchengetedza kwenguva refu. Vanowanzopa a mubereko wepamusoro kupfuura maakaundi azvino, asi dzikamisa huwandu hwekubvisa uye huwandu hunogona kubviswa.

Maakaundi ekuchengeta anogonawo kusanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sezvitupa zvedhipoziti uye maakaundi ekuchengeta mari dzemudyandigere kubatsira vatengi kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo zvemari zvenguva refu.

Makadhi ebhangi

Makadhi anopiwa pamwe nemari yekupinda kana komisheni yegore negore isina kubatanidzwa nemari.

zvikwereti zvevatengi

Mumabhanga echiIslam, zvikwereti zvevatengi zvakagadzirirwa kuti zviremekedze misimboti yemari yechiIslam, iyo inorambidza mhindu (riba) uye. kufungidzira kwakanyanyisa. Panzvimbo yekuchaja mubereko pazvikwereti, mabhanga echiIslam anoshandisa zvimiro zvemari zvichibva pazvibvumirano zvinoenderana neSharia.

Imwe yezvimiro zvinowanzoitika yakashandiswa ndeye Murabaha. Muchiitiko ichi, bhangi rinotenga chakanaka chinodiwa nemutengi uye chinochitengesa zvakare nemutengo wepamusoro, nekubhadhara kwechikamu kwakabvumiranwa mberi. Izvi zvinobvumira mutengi kuti atore chivakwa pasina kubhadhara mubereko, asi nekubhadhara mutengo wepamusoro pane yakatarwa nguva.

Chimwe chimiro chinoshandiswa ndecheIjara, icho chiri zvakafanana nekuroja nekutenga sarudzo. Bhangi rinotenga nzvimbo yacho uye roirenda kune mutengi kwenguva yakatarwa, nekubhadhara nguva dzose. Pakupera kwechibvumirano, mutengi anogona kutenga zvakanaka pamutengo wakabvumirana kana kuti adzorere kubhangi.

Zvikwereti zvedzimba

Zvikwereti zvedzimba ndizvo zvikwereti zvakapihwa nemabhangi uye masangano emari ekutenga kana kuvaka zvivakwa, seimba kana imba. Zvikwereti izvi zvinobvumira vanokwereta kuti vawane mari yekutorwa kwedzimba vachidzosa mari yakakweretwa nemubereko munguva yakatarwa.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu emabhangi echiIslam, zvikwereti zvezvivakwa zvakagadzirirwa kuremekedza misimboti yezvemari yechiIslam. Mabhanga echiIslam anoshandisa akasiyana Sharia-inoteedzera mari zvimiro kuti ape surious-isina mubereko (riba) dzimwe nzira kune vanokwereta.

Imwe yezvivakwa zvinowanzoshandiswa ndeye Murabaha. Muchiitiko ichi, bhangi rinotenga chivako chinodiwa nemukwereti uye chinochitengesa zvakare nemutengo wepamusoro, nekubhadhara kwechikamu kwakabvumiranwa kare. Izvi zvinobvumira mukwereti kuti atore chivako pasina kubhadhara mubereko, asi nekubhadhara mutengo wepamusoro pane imwe nguva.

Chimwe chimiro chinoshandiswa ndeche Ijara, iyo yakafanana nerendi ine sarudzo yekutenga. Bhangi rinotenga nzvimbo yacho uye roirenda kune anokwereta kwenguva yakatarwa, nekubhadhara nguva dzose. Pakupera kwechibvumirano, mukwereti anogona kutenga nzvimbo yacho pamutengo wakabvumirana kana kuidzorera kubhangi.

Inishuwarenzi yeIslam (takaful)

Inishuwarenzi yeIslam, inozivikanwawo se zita raTakaful, zvigadzirwa zveinishuwarenzi zvinoenderana nemisimboti yemari yeIslam. Kusiyana neinishuwarenzi yakajairika, iyo yakavakirwa papfungwa yekuendesa njodzi kukambani yeinishuwarenzi, inishuwarenzi yeIslam yakavakirwa pamisimboti yekubatana pamwe nekugovana njodzi.

Muinishuwarenzi yeIslam, vatori vechikamu kubatsira kuhomwe yakafanana kuvhara njodzi pamwe chete. Kana mutori wechikamu akarasikirwa kana kukuvadzwa, anokodzera muripo wemari kubva kuhomwe iyi.

Saka, pachinzvimbo chekubhadhara mari dzeinishuwarenzi, vatori vechikamu vanoita mipiro mudziva rinoshandiswa kubhadhara zvikwereti.

🎓 Mhedziso

Mabhanga echiIslam masangano emari anoremekedza zviga zvezvemari zvechiIslam, zvichibva zvakanyanya pakurambidza kuunganidza kana kubhadhara mhindu (ribâ). Vachikwira, ivo zvino vanomiririra vanenge mabhiriyoni 2 000 madhora emidziyo pasi rose. Asi ndedzipi dzakajeka dzemodhi yavo zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa mari?

Chekutanga, mabhanga echiIslam anoshandisa musimboti wepurofiti nekugovaniswa kwekurasikirwa. Pane kukweretesa mari vachichinjana nechikwereti chakatarwa, vanoisa mari yavo mumapurojekiti ehupfumi uye vanogovana mhedzisiro, yakanaka kana yakaipa, yekudyara uku nevatengi vavo.

Vanoisawo pfungwa pazvinhu zvavanoita funga kuti zvine tsika. Mitambo yemukana, kutengeswa kwedoro kana zvombo, nzvimbo dzezvinonyadzisira, pakati pezvimwe, zvinorambidzwa. Pfungwa iyi ndeyekupa mari chete mapurojekiti anobatsira kune zvakanaka.

Chekupedzisira, mabhanga echiIslam anobhadhara chikamu chemapurofiti avanoita kumasangano anobatsira, nenzira yezvipo zviri pamutemo. anonzi Zakah. Uyu mutero wakanangana neIslam chikamu cheDNA yavo.

Seri kweizvi zvinhu kune mari yakavakirwa pakugovana, tsika uye philanthropy. Asi ndezvipi zvinorehwa nekongiri yeiyi imwe modhi? Izvi ndizvo zvatichaona munyaya yasara.