Chii chaunofanira kuziva nezve stock market indices?

Indekisi yemasheya chiyero chekushanda (kuchinja kwemitengo) mumusika chaiwo wemari. Iyo inoteedzera kumusoro uye pasi kweboka rakasarudzwa remasheya kana zvimwe zvinhu. Kucherechedza kushanda kwestock index kunopa nzira inokurumidza yekuona hutano hwemusika wemari, inotungamirira makambani emari mukugadzira mari ye index uye mari yekuchinjana-kutengesa, uye inokubatsira kuongorora kushanda kwemari yako. Stock indices iripo kune ese maficha emisika yemari.

Indekisi yemusika wemasheya inoratidza kuti vatengesi vanofunga zvakanaka sei hupfumi huri kuita. Inounganidza data kubva kumakambani akasiyana siyana kumaindasitiri ese. Pamwe chete, iyi data inoumba mufananidzo unobatsira vanoisa mari kufananidza mazinga emitengo yazvino nemitengo yakapfuura kuverenga kuita kwemusika.

Mamwe ma indices anotarisa pane chidiki chidiki chemusika. Somuenzaniso, iyo Nasdaq index inoteedzera tekinoroji chikamu zvakanyanya. Saka kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti makambani etekinoroji ari kuita sei, ungangoda kutarisa Iyo Nasdaq stock index.

Indices zvakare inosiyana muhukuru, vamwe vachingotevera mashoma emasheya uye vamwe vachitevera zviuru. Imwe neimwe index inoshandisa chinangwa chakasarudzika nekuti vatengesi vakasiyana vanofarira zvikamu zvakasiyana. Muchidimbu, munyaya ino Finance de Demain yakaratidza humwe huwandu hweruzivo pamaindisi emusika wemasheya. Asi usati watanga, heino kudzidziswa kwakakwana kwekutengesa online.

handeyi

Chii chinonzi stock indices chinoshandiswa?

Stock indices inogona kubatsira kutevedzera kune akati wandei zvikonzero zvakakosha:

• Kutevera anonyanya kuteedzerwa stock indices anogona kukupar pfungwa yakajairika yehutano hwemusika wemasheya kazhinji.
• Kutsvaga zvidiki-zvinozivikanwa zviratidzo zvinogona kukubatsira kuona kushanda kwechimwe chikamu chemusika zvichienzaniswa nemusika wose.
• Kana iwe usingade kuisa mari mumastock ega asi uchingoda kufanana misika yese kuita, zvino nzira isingadhuri yekuwana madzoro akasimba nekufamba kwenguva ndeyekudyara mari yeindex inoteedzera mastock indices aunonyanya kufarira.

Mastock indices anoita kuti zvive nyore kuziva mafambisirwo emusika pasina kutevedzera makwikwi nekudzika kwestock yega yega. Vanovhurawo mikana yakapfava yekudyara iyo nyangwe vatengesi vekutanga vanogona kushandisa kutora chikamu mukubudirira kwenguva refu kwemusika wemasheya.

Mastock indices anogadzirwa sei?

Imwe neimwe indekisi yemusika wemasheya inoshandisa yayo yega fomula yekuona kuti ndeapi makambani kana mamwe mainvestimenti ekusanganisira.

Indices inoyera mashandiro emisika mikuru inogona kungosanganisira makambani ane chinzvimbo chepamusoro maererano nemusika capitalization, kana kukosha kwese kwese kwasara migove. Neimwe nzira, vanogona kusarudzwa nekomiti yenyanzvi kana kungomiririra masheya ese anotengeserana pane imwe shanduko.

Kana maneja weindekisi angoona kuti makambani api achasanganisira, anofanira kubva aona kuti makambani iwayo anomiririrwa sei muindekisi, chinhu chinonzi index weighting.

Zvichienderana nekurema, makambani ese anosanganisirwa mune index anogona kuita zvakaenzana pakuita kweiyo index kana kukanganisa kwakasiyana zvichienderana nemusika capitalization kana kukosha kwemari.

Iwo matatu anonyanya kufarirwa indexing modhi ndeaya:

Kuyera nemusika capitalization: mumusika-cap-weighted index, index yacho inomiririra zvakasimba masheya ane mari yepamusoro yemusika. Nechimiro ichi, makambani makuru ane simba guru pane index performance.

Nyaya yekuverenga: Chii chinonzi charter yeprojekiti uye basa rayo nderei?

Kuenzana nehuremu: iine huremu hwakafanana, index inobata zvese zvikamu zvakafanana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mashandiro ekambani yega yega anobata index nenzira imwechete, angave akakura zvakanyanya kana makambani madiki anoshamisa.

Kosi kuyera: indekisi inoyerwa nemutengo inopa kambani imwe neimwe huremu hwakasiyana zvichienderana nemutengo wayo wemari. Makambani ane mitengo yakakwira yemasheya ane huremu hwakawanda mune idzi indices, zvisinei nehukuru hwavo.

Iwo main stock market indices

Kune zviuru zvemaindices muinvestment universe. Kuti ikubatsire kuwana mabearings ako, heano maitiro akajairika aungangosangana nawo:

Iyo S&P 500 Index

Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa indices, iyo S&P 500 inoteedzera mashandiro emakambani epamusoro mazana mashanu eUS, sekutsanangurwa nekomiti yeS&P Dow Jones Indices. Iyo S&P 500 indekisi yemusika capitalization-inoyerwa.

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Iyo Dow Jones Industrial Avhareji (DJIA)

Iyo DJIA ine nzvimbo yakati chechetere, ichitevera mashandiro emakambani makumi matatu chete eU.S. akasarudzwa ne iyo S&P Dow Jones indices. Masheya ari mukati meDJIA anobva muzvikamu zvakasiyana, kubva kuhutano kusvika kune tekinoroji, asi akabatanidzwa nenyaya yekuti ese ari eblue chip stocks.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane nhoroondo yekushanda kwakasimba kwemari. Iyo DJIA ndeimwe yeashoma mutengo-yakayerwa stock indices.

Iyo Nasdaq 100

Iyo Nasdaq zana inoteedzera mashandiro e100 ezviyo zvakakura uye zvakanyanya kutengeswa masheya akanyorwa paNasdaq stock exchange. Makambani eNasdaq anogona kubva kumaindasitiri mazhinji akasiyana, asi anowanzo tarisa tekinoroji uye haasanganisire chero nhengo dzeindasitiri yemari. Iyo Nasdaq 100 inoshandisa musika capitalization uremu.

INYSE composite index

Iyo NYSE Composite Index indekisi yakazara inoteedzera mashandiro emasheya ese anotengeswa paNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Inoyerwa neyakagadziriswa musika capitalization.

The Russell 2000 Index

Nepo mamwe mastock indices anotarisa kumakambani makuru pane chimwe chikamu, Russell 2000 anoyera kuita kwe2 yemakambani madiki emunyika anotengeswa pachena. The Russell 000 indekisi yemari yemusika inorema.

Iyo Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index

Iyo Wilshire 5000 Total Market inoteedzera kuita kwemusika wese weUS stock. Iyo index inoyerwa nemusika capitalization.

Nzira yekuverenga sei stock index?

Iko kukosha kweiyo indekisi kashoma ndiyo yekutanga data point. Pane kudaro, iko kushanduka kwekukosha kwenguva yakati (zuva nezuva, vhiki nevhiki, mwedzi, kota, gore) iyo inonyanya kubatsira kune vanoisa mari.

Somuenzaniso, ngatishandisei NASDAQ 100 index yataurwa pamusoro apa. Ngatitii mumakore matatu apfuura, index yeNASDAQ yakakwira avhareji ye12% pagore. Avhareji yekudzoka kweNASDAQ index pamusoro pemakore makumi mashanu yaiva 50%.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti musika uri kuita zvirinani pane izvo nhoroondo yaro inoratidza. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kune vanoisa mari kuti tiri mumusika wemombe wemasheya.

Asi kuita kweindekisi kunotapura sei upenyu hwako?

Munguva pfupi, index performance haisi chinhu chakakosha pane yako portfolio. Asi semudyari wenguva refu, kuita kweiyo index kwakakosha. Kana iwe uchidyara mune mutual funds kana mamwe anoshingairira anochengetedzwa mapotfolio, zvakakosha kuti uone kuti mari yako iri kuita sei maererano nebenchmark yavo.

Unogona kuisirwa mari mumari/muzvitoro zvinodarika iyo S&P 500 uye mamwe indices. Kana iwe unogona kunge uine portfolio inononoka kuita kwemusika. Izvi zvinogona kureva kuti index mari inogona kunge iri nani yekudyara mota yedendere rako zai.

Index weighting

Imwe neimwe stock mune index inopihwa huremu. Mastock ane huremu hwepamusoro ane pesvedzero yakawanda pamafambisirwo eindex pane ayo ane huremu hwakaderera. Ma indices anowanzo kugovera huremu kumatokisi avo nenzira nhatu dzakasiyana:

Mutengo-unoyerwa indices kupa huremu hwakawanda kumakambani ane mitengo yakakwira yemasheya. Somuenzaniso, mune yekufungidzira indekisi yezvikamu zvitatu zvinotengeswa pamadhora makumi manomwe, madhora makumi maviri nemadhora gumi, madhora makumi manomwe angamiririra 70% yehuwandu hwehuwandu, zvisinei nehukuru hwekambani. Iyo Dow Jones Industrials ndiyo inonyanya kukosha muenzaniso wemutengo wakaremerwa index.

Market-cap-weighted indices kupa huremu hwakawanda kumakambani ane mari yepamusoro yemusika. the S&P 500 uye iyo Nasdaq Composite ese ari maviri emusika-cap inorema, uye makambani makuru seApple neMicrosoft ( NASDAQ: MSFT ) vane huremu hwakakura kupfuura makambani madiki anoumba indices.

Yakaenzana huremu indices govera huremu hwakafanana kune yese stock, zvisinei nemutengo, capitalization yemusika kana chero chimwe chinhu.

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Kune mamwe ma stock indices anoshandisa nzira dzevaridzi kumisikidza huremu. Somuenzaniso, mamwe ma indices anopa huremu zvichienderana nezvikamu zvakabhadharwa nestock.

Kune chikamu chikuru, zvisinei, misika-cap-inorema indices ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa, sezvo kazhinji ndiyo iri nyore kune index index yekutevera.

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