Chii chinonzi KYC uye nei ichikosha?

Kuziva kuti mutengi wako ndiani uye kutora mapuroteni ekudzivirira hutsotsi hwemari matambudziko arikuenderera mberi kumasangano emari. Zvakakosha, masangano emari anofanirwa kutevedzera iyo inowedzera yakaoma seti yemitemo yekuzivikanwa kwevatengi inonzi KYC. KYC, inozivikanwawo se "Ziva Mutengi Wako"kana"Ziva Mutengi Wako”, seti yemaitiro ekuona kuzivikanwa kwemutengi pamberi kana panguva yekutengeserana kwemari.

Kutevedzera mirairo yeKYC kunogona kubatsira kuramba uri kure kubira mari, kupa mari yemagandanga nezvimwe zvirongwa zvekubiridzira zvakajairika. Nekutanga kuona kuti mutengi ndiani uye zvinangwa pakuvhurwa kweakaunti, uye nekunzwisisa maitiro avo ekutengeserana, masangano ezvemari anokwanisa kunyatsoona chiitiko chekufungidzira.

Masangano emari ari pasi pekuwedzera kuomarara zviyero kana zvasvika kumitemo yeKYC. Vanofanirwa kushandisa mari yakawanda kutevedzera KYC kana kutarisana nefaindi dzinorema. Mitemo iyi inoreva kuti chero kambani, chikuva kana sangano rinodyidzana nesangano rezvemari kuvhura account kana transact rinofanirwa kutevedzera izvi zvisungo. Munyaya ino tinotaura nezvazvo zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezveKYC mirau.

Chii chinonzi KYC mumabhangi?

KYC inomirira Ziva Mutengi Wako uye inzira yakajairwa yekushingairira iyo inoshandiswa nemasangano ezvemari nemamwe makambani ebasa rezvemari kuongorora nekutarisa njodzi yevatengi uye kuona kuti mutengi ndiani. KYC inovimbisa kuti mutengi ndiye kuti anozviti ndiye.

Pasi peKYC, vatengi vanofanirwa kupa magwaro anoratidza kuzivikanwa kwavo nekero. Humbowo hwekusimbisa hunogona kusanganisira kuoneswa kwekadhi reID, kutariswa kwechiso, kusimbiswa kwebiometric, uye/kana kusimbiswa kwegwaro. Nehumbowo hwekero, mabhiri ekushandisa muenzaniso wezvinyorwa zvinogamuchirwa.

KYC inzira yakakosha yekuona njodzi yevatengi uye kana mutengi achikwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nesangano kuti ashandise masevhisi ayo. Ichowo chisungo chepamutemo che kutevedzera mitemo inopesana nekutambisa mari (AML) Masangano emari anofanirwa kuona kuti vatengi havaite zvehutsotsi nekushandisa masevhisi avo.

Mabhangi anogona kuramba kuvhura account kana kumisa hukama hwebhizinesi kana mutengi akasasangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma zveKYC.

Chii chinonzi eKYC?

MuIndia, eKYC inzira iyo kuzivikanwa kwemutengi uye kero zvinosimbiswa nemagetsi kuburikidza neAadhaar huchokwadi. Aadhaar ndiyo yenyika yeIndia biometric eID system. eKYC inorevawo kutora ruzivo kubva kune zviziviso (OCR modhi), kuburitsa data redhijitari kubva kuhurumende-akapihwa smart ID (ine chip) nekuvapo kwemuviri, kana kushandisa zvakasimbiswa zvedhijitari uye kuzivikanwa kwechiso chekuongorora chitupa pamhepo.

Iyi mhando yeKYC verification inoshandiswa zvakare cryptocurrency kutengesa mapurogiramu.

Sei maitiro eKYC achikosha?

Maitiro eKYC anotsanangurwa nemabhangi anosanganisira zvese zviito zvinodiwa kuti vaone kuti vatengi vavo ndevechokwadi, kuongorora nekutarisa njodzi. Aya maitiro ekukwira kwevatengi anobatsira kudzivirira nekuona kubira mari zvisiri pamutemo, mari yemagandanga uye zvimwe zvirongwa zvehuori zvisiri pamutemo.

Maitiro eKYC anosanganisira ongororo yekadhi, kutariswa kwechiso, kusimbiswa kwemagwaro akadai semabhiri ekushandisa sehumbowo hwekero, uye biometric verification. Mabhangi anofanirwa kutevedzera mirau yeKYC uye inopokana nekutambisa mari kudzikamisa hutsotsi. Basa rekutevedzera KYC riri pamabhangi.

Kana ukasatevedzera, zvirango zvinorema zvinogona kuiswa. MuUnited States, Europe, Middle East uye Asia-Pacific, inokwana inenge 26 mabhiriyoni emadhora faindi dzakabvisiswa nekusatevedzera AML, KYC uye mitemo yezvirango mumakore gumi apfuura (2008-2018) - tisingarevi kukuvadzwa kwemukurumbira kwakaitwa uye kusayerwa.

Ndiani anoda KYC?

KYC inodiwa kumasangano emari anobata nevatengi pakuvhura nekuchengetedza maakaundi. Kana bhizinesi richikwira mutengi mutsva kana mutengi aripo akawana chigadzirwa chakadzorwa, maitiro eKYC anowanzo shanda.

Masangano emari anofanirwa kusimbisa kune KYC protocol anosanganisira:

• mabhanga
• mibatanidzwa yezvikwereti
• Makambani ekutarisira hupfumi uye vatengesi
• Zvemari tekinoroji application (applications fintech), zvichienderana nemabasa avanoita
• Vakweretesi vega uye mapuratifomu ekukweretesa

Mitemo yeKYC yave nyaya iri kuramba ichinetsa kunenge masangano ese anodyidzana nemari (saka, zvakanyanya bhizinesi rega rega). Kunyangwe mabhanga achifanirwa kutevedzera iyo KYC kuderedza hutsotsi, vanosvitsawo izvi zvinodiwa kumasangano avanoita bhizinesi nawo.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvitatu zveKYC?

Izvo zvikamu zvitatu zveKYC zvinosanganisira:

• Mutengi Identification Chirongwa (CIP) : mutengi ndiye waanoti ndiwe
• Customer Due Diligence (CDD): kuongorora mwero wenjodzi yemutengi, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwevaridzi vanobatsira vekambani
• Kuringa kutarisisa: simbisa maitiro ekutengeserana kwevatengi uye taura chiitiko chekufungidzira nguva dzose

Mutengi Identification Chirongwa (CIP)

Kutevedzera chirongwa chekuzivikanwa kwevatengi, sangano rezvemari rinobvunza mutengi ruzivo rwechitupa. Imwe neimwe sangano rezvemari inoitisa yayo CIP maitiro zvichienderana nenjodzi yayo, saka mutengi anogona kukumbirwa kuti ape ruzivo rwakasiyana zvichienderana nesangano.

Kune mumwe munhu, ruzivo urwu runogona kusanganisira:

• Rezinesi rekutyaira
• Pasipoti

Kune bhizinesi, ruzivo urwu runogona kusanganisira:

• Zvinyorwa zvakasimbiswa zveIncorporation
• Rezinesi rebhizinesi rakapihwa nehurumende
• Chibvumirano cheKudyidzana
• Chimbo chekuvimba

Kune bhizinesi kana munhu, kumwe kusimbiswa kweruzivo kunogona kusanganisira:

• Zvinyorwa zvezvemari
• Ruzivo kubva kubazi rekubika revatengi kana dhatabhesi yeruzhinji
• Chirevo chemari

Masangano ezvemari anofanirwa kuona kuti ruzivo urwu rwakarurama uye rwunovimbika, vachishandisa magwaro, kwete-documentary verification, kana zvese zviri zviviri.

Mutengi Wakakodzera Diligence (CDD)

Kungwarira kwemutengi kunoda masangano ezvemari kuti aite ongororo yenjodzi. Masangano ezvemari anoongorora marudzi ezvingangoitika zvekutengeserana zvichaitwa nemutengi kuitira kuti vagozokwanisa kuona maitiro asina kujairika (kana kufungidzira).

Nechikonzero ichi, iyo institution inogona kugovera kune iyo mutengi ngozi Rating kuti ichasarudza dhigirii uye kuwanda kwekutarisa account. Masangano anofanirwa kuzivisa uye kuona kuzivikanwa kwechero munhu wechisikigo ane makumi maviri neshanu muzana kana kupfuura zvesangano repamutemo, uye munhu chaiye anodzora sangano repamutemo.

Kunyangwe pasina maitiro akajairwa ekuita shuwa, masangano anogona kuigadzira pamatanho matatu:

• Yakarerutswa Yekuita Diligence ("SDD"). Kune maakaundi akaderera, kana uko njodzi yekubira mari kana hugandanga hwemari yakaderera, CDD yakazara inogona kunge isingakodzeri.
• La Basic Customer Due Diligence ("CDD"). Pane iyi nhanho yehungwaru, masangano ezvemari anotarisirwa kuona kuti mutengi ndiani uye danho renjodzi.
• Enhanced Due Diligence (“EDD”). Vatengi vane njodzi yepamusoro kana yepamusoro-soro vanogona kuda kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rwakawanda kuitira kuti sangano rezvemari rive nekunzwisisa kuri nani kwemabasa emari yemutengi uye njodzi. Semuenzaniso, kana mutengi ari Politically Exposed Person (PEP), vanogona kunge vari panjodzi huru yekubira mari.

Kuenderera mberi nekutarisa

Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kunoreva kuti masangano ezvemari anofanirwa kugara achitarisa mafambisirwo evatengi vavo. Izvi zvine chinangwa chekuona chero chiitiko chekufungidzira kana kusajairika. Ichi chikamu chinotora simba uye njodzi-yakavakirwa nzira kuKYC.

Kana chiitiko chekufungidzira kana chisina kujairika chikaonekwa, sangano rezvemari rinofanirwa kuendesa Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) kune FinCEN (The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network) nemamwe masangano ekuchengetedza mutemo.

KYC verification: maitiro matsva anogamuchirwa

Muna Mbudzi 2018, masangano eUS, kusanganisira Federal Reserve, vakaburitsa chirevo chakabatana chaikurudzira mamwe mabhanga kuti awedzere kuomarara munzira dzawo dzekuziva chiitiko chekufungidzira uye kuyedza nehungwaru hwekunyepedzera uye tekinoroji yekuzivikanwa kwedhijitari.

European Supervisory Authorities yakasimudzira mhinduro itsva dzekugadzirisa matambudziko ekutevedzwa kutanga kwegore rino. Ivo vanokurudzira kuchengetedza nzira yakajairika yezviyero zvinoenderana muEU.

Vanopa mhando dzinoverengeka dzekusimbisa, senge "yakabatanidzwa komputa application inongozivisa uye inosimbisa munhu kubva pamufananidzo wedhijitari kana vhidhiyo sosi (Facial biometrics)” kana “chinhu chakavakirwa-mukati chekuchengetedza chinogona kuona mapikicha ari kana kuti akakanganiswa (semuenzaniso, face morph) kuitira kuti mifananidzo iyi iite seyakaiswa pixelated kana kusajeka. »

Kushandiswa kwebiometrics kunogona kupikiswa nemitemo yemunharaunda kana yedunhu. Iyi mitemo yemari ndeiyi: GDPR muEU, CCPA muCalifornia, kutaura zvishoma.

mhedziso

Mitemo yeKYC ine zvinosvika kure kune vatengi uye masangano emari. Masangano emari anodiwa kutevedzera KYC zviyero kana uchishanda nemutengi mutsva. Mitemo iyi yakaiswa kurwisa hutsotsi hwemari nekutengesa mari zvisiri pamutemo. Aya maitiro anobatawo mari yehugandanga nezvimwe zviitiko zvemari zvisiri pamutemo.

Nyaya yekuverenga: Sei kudzidziswa kwevashandi vekambani kwakakosha?

Kubira mari nekupa mari kwemagandanga kazhinji kunovimba nemaakaundi anovhurwa asingazivikanwe. Kuwedzera kusimbiswa kwemirairo yeKYC kwakonzera kuwedzera kwekutaurwa kwezvinofungidzirwa zvekutengeserana. Nzira yakatarisana nenjodzi neKYC inogona kubatsira kubvisa njodzi yekuita zvehutsotsi. Inogona zvakare kuve nechokwadi chechiitiko chirinani chevatengi.

Tisiye maonero ako mumashoko kuti utibvumire kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi