Basa rebhanga guru renyika mukusimudzira hupfumi?

Bhanga guru muhupfumi rinotamba mabasa echinyakare uye asiri echinyakare. Basa rayo rechinyakare kuita segavhuna wezvishandiso zvechikwereti kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwemutengo. Inogadzirisa huwandu hwechikwereti nemari, kupomba mari yakawanda kana musika uri kushomeka pamari uye uchiyamwa mumari kana paine chikwereti chakawandisa.

Iwo makuru echinyakare mabasa iyo inozadzikisa ndiyo yega yenyaya yenoti, mubhangi wehurumende, bhanga remabhanga, mukweretesi wekupedzisira sarudzo, mutongi wechikwereti uye kuchengetedzwa kwemwero wakatsiga wekuchinjana.

Zvakadaro, mabasa ayo asiri echinyakare ndeekubatsira mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. Muchidimbu, heino mabasa akasiyana ebhangi guru. Asi usati watanga, heino premium kudzidziswa iyo ichaita inokutendera iwe kuziva zvese zvakavanzika kuti ubudirire muPodcast.

???? Kusikwa uye kuwedzera kwemasangano emari

Chimwe chezvinangwa zvebhanga guru ndechekuvandudza mari nechikwereti chenyika. Mamwe mabhanga uye masangano emari anofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti ape zvikwereti zvakakura uye kutsausa mari yekuzvidira mumatanho anogadzira.

Masangano emari ari mumaguta makuru munyika dzichiri kusimukira uye anopa zvikwereti kumasitendi, minda yeminda, maindasitiri makuru uye dzimba dzekutengesa.

Kuti izvi zvigadziriswe, bhanga guru rinofanirwa kuendesa mabhanga kumaruwa kuti varimi, vanamuzvinabhizimisi vadiki pamwe nevanotengesera vakwanise kuwana zvikwereti. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, mabhanga ezvokutengeserana kupa zvikwereti zvenguva pfupi chete.

Zvikwereti zvekumaruwa kazhinji hazvipo. Kunobva chete mukweretesi wemumusha anochaja mhindu yakakurisa.

Chinyorwa chekuverenga: Hurongwa hwezvemari hwechiIslam pakatarisana nekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose

Kubata kwemukweretesi wekumusha kumaruwa kunogona kurerutswa kana hurongwa hutsva hwemasangano hukaitwa nebhanga guru renyika kuti vape varimi zvikwereti zvenguva pfupi, zvepakati uye zvenguva refu nemitengo yakaderera. Manetiweki emasangano ezvikwereti ane maapex banks anopihwa mari nebhanga guru renyika anogona kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.

Saizvozvo, inogona kubatsira mukugadzwa kwemabhanga ekutungamirira uye, kuburikidza nawo, mabhanga ematunhu ekumaruwa kuti ape zvikwereti kune varimi vakaderera, vashandi vekurima vasina minda uye zvimwe zvikamu zvisina kusimba.

Nezviwanikwa zvakakura zvariinazvo, bhanga repakati rinogona kubatsirawo kumisa mabhanga eindasitiri nemakambani ezvemari kupa mari maindasitiri makuru nemadiki.

???? Kukodzera kwakakodzera pakati pekuda uye kupihwa kwemari

Bhanga guru rinoita basa rinokosha mukukonzera kugadziriswa kwakakodzera pakati pekuda uye kupiwa kwemari. Kusaenzana pakati pezviviri kunoratidzwa muzinga remutengo. Kushaikwa kwemari kunotadzisa kukura ukuwo kuwanda kuchizokonzera inflation.

Sezvo hupfumi huchikura, kudiwa kwemari kungangowedzera nekuda kwekuita mari zvishoma nezvishoma kweiyo isiri kuita mari uye kuwedzera kwekurima nekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nemitengo.

Nyaya yekuverenga: Mabhangi epamhepo: anoshanda sei?

Kudiwa kwemari yekutengeserana uye kufungidzira vavariro kuchawedzerawo. Kuwedzera kwemari saka kunofanira kunge kwakawanda kudarika kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemari kuitira kudzivirira inflation. Zvisinei, zvingangoita kuti kuwedzerwa kwemari kunoshandiswa kune zvinangwa zvekufungidzira, izvo zvinokanganisa kukura uye kukonzera inflation.

Bhanga guru rinotonga kushandiswa kwemari nechikwereti kuburikidza nemutemo wemari wakakodzera. Nekudaro, mune hupfumi huri kusimukira, bhangi repakati rinofanira kudzora kupihwa kwemari nenzira yekuti mutengo wematengo haugone kusimuka pasina kukanganisa kuisirwa mari nekugadzira.

???? Gwaro rakakodzera remubereko

Munyika ichiri kusimukira, chimiro chemubereko chiri padanho repamusoro. Kune zvakare misiyano mikuru pakati pemhindu yenguva refu neyenguva pfupi uye pakati pemibairo muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfumi. Kuvepo kwemitengo yakakwira inotadzisa kukura kwekudyara, kwakavanzika neruzhinji, muhupfumi huri kusimukira.

Nyaya yekuverenga: Maitiro ekuita mari pa Instagram muna 2021?

Chibereko kuderera naizvozvo kwakakosha kukurudzira mari yega yega mukurima nemaindasitiri. Somunyika dzichiri kusimukira, vanamuzvinabhizimisi vane mari shoma yavanochengeta kubva pamihoro yakachengetwa, vanofanira kukwereta kumabhanga kana kuti musika mukuru nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokuisa mari uye vaizokwereta chete kana mwero wemhindu wakaderera.

A low interest rate policy yakakoshawo kukurudzira mari yeruzhinji. A rate policy yekufarira low is a cheap money policy. Kunoita kuti kukwereta kweveruzhinji kudhure, kunoita kuti mutengo wekubhadhara chikwereti cheveruzhinji udzikire uye nokudaro kunobatsira mukupihwa kwemari yekusimudzira hupfumi.

Kuodza mwoyo kuyerera kwezviwanikwa kune zvekufungidzira kukwereta nekudyara, bhanga guru rinofanirwa kutevedzera mutemo werusarura wemhindu, kubhadharisa mitengo yakakwira yezvikwereti zvisingakoshi uye zvisingaite uye mitengo yakaderera yekuita zvikwereti. Asi izvi hazvireve kuti mari yekuchengeta ndeyekufarira muhupfumi huri kusimukira e.

Sezvo mwero wemari wakadzikira muhupfumi uhwu, mubereko wepamusoro haufanire kuwedzera hunhu hwekuchengetedza. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukura kwehupfumi, sezvo hupfumi huri kukura, kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mumutengo wemutengo haudzivisiki. Kukosha kwemari kunodzikira uye hunhu hwekuchengetedza hunodzikira zvakare.

Nyaya yekuverenga: 1 mazano emari kune vachangoroorana

Mamiriro emari anooma uye mubereko unobva wangokwira woga. Izvi zvinokonzeresa ukwete inflation. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nhamburiko ipi neipi yokudzora kukwira kwemitengo kupfurikidza nokukwidza mubereko ingava ine ngwavaira. Chiyero chemutengo chakagadzikana chakakosha pakubudirira kwegwaro remubereko rakaderera iro rinogona kuchengetedzwa nekutevera gwara remari rebhanga guru renyika.

???? Kutarisira zvikwereti

Kutarisira zvikwereti nderimwe remabasa akakosha ebhanga guru munyika ichiri kusimukira. Inofanirwa kuve nechinangwa chekuona nguva yakakodzera uye kuburitswa kwemabhondi ehurumende, kudzikamisa mitengo yavo uye kuderedza mutengo wekubhadhara chikwereti chehurumende. Ndiro bhanga guru rinotengesa uye kutenga mabhondi ehurumende uye rinoshandura chimiro uye chimiro chechikwereti chehurumende nenguva.

Kuti usimbise nekudzikamisa misika yehurumende yemabhondi, iyo yakaderera mubereko mutemo wakakosha. Nokuti, mubereko wakaderera unokwidza mutengo wemabhondi ehurumende, zvichiita kuti anyanye kukwezva veruzhinji uye zvichipa kurudziro kuzvirongwa zvehurumende zvekukwereta.

Kuchengeta chimiro chemubereko wakaderera kunodanwa zvakare kuderedza mutengo wesevhisi chikwereti chenyika.

???? Kudzora chikwereti

Iyo Central Bank inofanirwawo kuva nechinangwa chekudzora kiredhiti kuitira kuti ikurudzire mari uye maitiro ekugadzira muhupfumi huri kusimukira. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekudzora kudzvanywa kweinflation kunoitika panguva yekuvandudza. Izvi zvinoda kushandiswa kwenzira dzehuwandu uye dzemhando yepamusoro dzekuongorora zvikwereti.

mabasa emusika wakavhurika kutadza kudzora kukwira kwemitengo munyika dzichiri kusimukira nekuti musika wemabhengi mudiki uye uri kusimukira. Mabhangi eCommerce anochengetedza elastic cash deposit ratio nekuti kudzora kwebhanga guru pamusoro pavo hakuna kukwana. Vanozengurirawo kuisa mari muzvibatiso zvehurumende nekuda kwemari yavo yakaderera.

Nyaya yekuverenga: Heano matipi gumi nemana ekupfuma-nekukurumidza

Zvakare, pachinzvimbo chekudyara muzvibatiso zvehurumende, vanosarudza kuchengeta matura avo ari mumvura fomu segoridhe, mari uye mari. Mabhanga eCommerce haashandiswewo kudzoreredza kana kukwereta kubva kubhanga guru renyika.

Gwaro remari yebhangi harinawo kushanda zvakanyanya mukudzora chikwereti muLDCs nekuda kwe:

• a) kusavapo kwekuderedzwa makuponi;
• b) saizi yakamanikana yemusika webhondi;
• c) chikamu chikuru chisina kuita mari umo kutengeserana kwekuchinja kunoitika;
• d) kuvapo kwemusika mukuru wemari usina kurongeka;
• e) kuvapo kwemabhanga echivanhu asingadzikisi mabhiri kubva kumabhanga makuru;
• f) tsika yemabhanga ezvokutengeserana kuchengeta matura makuru emari.

Iko kushandiswa kweiyo variable reserve reshiyo senzira yekudzora kiredhiti inoshanda zvakanyanya pane yakavhurika musika mashandiro uye bank rate policy muLDCs. Sezvo musika wekuchengetedza uri mudiki kwazvo, musika wakavhurika mashandiro anokundikana.

Asi kuwedzera kana kuderera kwechiyero chekuchengetedza nebhangi repakati kunoderedza kana kuwedzera mari inowanikwa kubva kumabhangi ekutengesa pasina kukuvadza mitengo yezvibatiso.

Zvakare, mabhanga ekutengeserana anochengetedza matura makuru emari asingagoni kuderedzwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwebhangi kana nekutengeswa kwezvivimbiso nebhangi guru. Asi kuwedzera kweiyo liquidity reserve reshiyo kunoderedza liquidity nemabhanga. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kweiyo variable reserve reshiyo kune zvimwe zvipimo muLDCs.

Chekutanga, vatsigiri vezvemari vasiri mabhangi havachengete mari nebhangi guru uye naizvozvo havabatiki nazvo. Chechipiri, mabhanga asingachengetedze mari yakawandisa haabatike sezvaanoita.

Nyaya yekuverenga: Basa remupi wemazano wezvemari kubhizinesi rako

Qualitative kiredhiti kudzora matanho ari, zvisinei, anoshanda kupfuura uwandu zviyero mukupesvedzera kugoverwa kwechikwereti uye nekudaro chimiro chekudyara. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kune tsika yakasimba yekudyara mugoridhe, zvishongo, masheya, zvivakwa, nezvimwewo, pane dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira dziripo mukurima, migodhi, minda yeminda uye indasitiri.

Kusarudza kudzora kiredhiti kunonyanya kukodzera kudzora uye kudzikisira kiredhiti zvikwereti kune izvi zvisingabudise zvinangwa. Kudzora uku kunobatsira mukudzora zviitiko zvekufungidzira muzviyo zvekudya uye zvigadzirwa. Ivo vanozove vanobatsira zvakanyanya mukudzora "sectoral bloats" yehupfumi.

Vanoderedza kudiwa kwezvinhu kubva kunze vachiti vanoda kuti vanotenga kunze kwenyika vafanoisa mari yakaenzana neukoshi hwemari yekunze. Izvi zvinokonzeresawo kuderedza matura emabhanga sezvo mari dzawo dziri kuendeswa kumabhanga makuru muhurongwa uhu.

Sarudzo yekudzora kiredhiti matanho anogona kutora maitiro ekuchinja margin zvinodiwa pane mamwe marudzi echibatiso, mutengi kiredhiti mutemo, uye kiredhiti chiyero.

???? Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekubhadhara mari

Bhanga guru rinofanirawo kuva nechinangwa chekudzivirira nekugadzirisa dambudziko rekubhadhara muhupfumi huri kusimukira. Hupfumi uhu hwakatarisana nedambudziko rakakura rekubhadhara mukuzadzikisa zvinangwa zvezvirongwa zvebudiriro. Kusaenzana kunogadzirwa pakati pezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika nekunze izvo zvinoramba zvichikura nebudiriro.

Chinyorwa chekuverenga: Nzira dzakanakisa dzemari dzinoshanda nemazvo

Bhanga guru renyika rinotarisira nekudzora mari dzemunyika uye rinoshanda sechipangamazano wehurumende pagwaro remari yekunze. Zviri kubhangi repakati kudzivirira kuchinja kwemari uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana.

Inoita izvi kuburikidza nekutsinhana zvidzoreso uye kusiyanisa mumutengo wekuderedzwa. Somuenzaniso, kana kukosha kwemari yenyika kukaramba kuchidonha, izvi zvinogona kuwedzera kuderedzwa uye nokudaro kukurudzira kupinda kwemari yekunze.

???? Pfupiso…

Nokudaro, bhanga guru rinoita basa rinokosha mukuwana kukura kwehupfumi hwenyika ichiri kusimukira kuburikidza nematanho akasiyana-siyana akurukurwa pamusoro apa. Inofanirwa kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi kwakagadzikana, kubatsira kuwana basa rakazara rezviwanikwa, kukunda chiyero chekubhadhara kusaenzana uye kudzikamisa mitengo yekuchinjana.

Usati waenda, heino dzidziso inokubvumira kuti uite tenzi kutengesa muawa imwe chete. Dzvanya pano kuti uitenge.