Unoziva zvese nezve mari?

Zvemari inyaya huru uye yakakura yekufukidza. Accounting uye mari zvinowanzo shandiswa pamwechete, uye vamwe vanotozviona kunge zvakafanana. Asi pane musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi.

Muchokwadi, mari ishoko rakakura rinoshandiswa kutsanangura manejimendi emari uye maitiro anobatanidzwa mukutora mari. Mari inosanganisira kubhengi, kiredhiti, kudyara, midziyo uye zvikwereti zvinoumba masisitimu emari.

Nzvimbo nhatu huru dzemari dzakagadzira masangano, maitiro, zviyero uye zvinangwa zvakakosha: Bhizimusi Mari, mari yomunhu et mari dzeveruzhinji.

Munyika dzakabudirira, chimiro chakajeka chemisika yemari nemasangano chiripo kuti chizadzise zvidikanwi zvenzvimbo idzi zvakabatana uye zvakaparadzana. Saka, ngatinzwisise kuti mari chii?

Asi chekutanga, ndinoda kukuzivisa iwe kune iyi premium yekudzidziswa inokupa hunyanzvi.mazano ekubudirira kwebhizimisi.

handeyi

🥀 Chii chinonzi Finance?

Mari ndiko kugovaniswa kwezvinhu, zvikwereti, uye mari nekufamba kwenguva, maitiro, uye midhiya kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva mubhizinesi. Mune mamwe mazwi, kutonga kana kuwanza mari kune zvakanakisa zve zvido tichibata nenjodzi uye kusava nechokwadi.

Mari yakabatana zvakanyanya nemari sezvo iri nzira yekutsinhana. Chikamu chezvemari ndiyo injini yehupfumi, yemagariro uye ekutonga maindasitiri. Kubva pakuchengetedza kuenda kumasangano ezvemari uye kubva kumitero yehurumende kuenda kune yakaenzana, basa remari rinogona kuoneka mumabasa ese uye maitiro.

Heano mamwe eakajairwa tsananguro dzezvemari:

• Muhupfumi, rezvemari ibazi rehupfumi rinobata nekugovewa, manejimendi, mari, uye kutora zviwanikwa.
• Mubhizimisi, mari inotsanangurwa sekusimudza mari nekupa nekutengesa masheya kana chikwereti.
• Musainzi, mari inosanganisira kugadzira, kutonga uye kudzidza mari. Inosanganisirawo kubhengi, kiredhiti, zvikwereti, midziyo uye mari.
• Nyanzvi dzinotsanangura mari sekugoverwa kwemidziyo nevanhu vanoshanda ovhataimu pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujeka. Vanotenda kuti midziyo inokosheswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwenjodzi uye chiyero chekudzoka kwavo.
• Zvichienderana nemaonero ehurongwa, zvemari inosanganisira masisitimu emari akadai semasangano ehurumende, akazvimirira uye ehurumende. Ichowo chidzidzo chemari uye mari yekushandisa.

🥀Mitemo yakabatana neindasitiri yemari

Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwematemu uye misoro ine chekuita nehurongwa hwemari. Heino runyorwa rwevamwe vavo vaunonyanya kusangana navo muindasitiri iyi:

• Ngozi uye kudzoka
• Profit
• mamiriro emari
• Vashandi
• Behavioral mari
• Mutengo wemari
• Kuyerera kwemari
• Chibereko
• Dividends
• Yield

Zvino ngatidzidzei zvimwe pamusoro marudzi matatu emari. Ngatitange nemari yemunhu, tevere mari yebhizinesi uye pakupedzisira, mari yeruzhinji

🥀 Chii chinonzi Personal Finance?

Mari yemunhu inodzora mari yemunhu kana mari uye inovabatsira kuzadzisa zvavanoda kuchengetedza uye zvinangwa zvekudyara. Mari yemunhu yakanangana nevanhu uye mazano anoenderana nekugona kwevanhu kuwana, zvinodiwa, zvinangwa, nguva, nezvimwe.

Mari yemunhu inosanganisira kuisa mari mudzidzo, midziyo yakadai sereal estate, mota, inishuwarenzi yehupenyu, yekurapa uye imwe inishuwarenzi, mari yekuchengetedza, uye manejimendi.

Kunyanya, mari yemunhu inosanganisira:

• Dziviriro kubva kune zvisingafanoonekwi uye zvisina chokwadi zviitiko zvemunhu
• Kuendeswa kwehupfumi kuburikidza nezvizvarwa zvemhuri
• Kutarisira mutero uye kutevedzera mitemo yemutero (rubatsiro rwemitero kana zvirango)
• Kugadzirira kuenda pamudyandigere
• Gadzirira mari yenguva refu kana kutenga zvinosanganisira mari yakawanda
• Kubhadhara chikwereti kana chikwereti
• Investment uye Pfuma Kuvaka Zvinangwa

Iwe unoda kudzora mari yako pachako kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira? Ok, heino yakakwana premium yekudzidziswa kosi yatakagadzira kuti ikugonese iwe kuti uve iye Royi wemari yako pachako.

🥀 Chii chinonzi Corporate Finance?

Mari yekambani inosanganisira kubhadhara mari yebhizinesi uye kuvaka iyo capital chimiro chebhizinesi.

Inobata nekwakabva mari uye kufambiswa kwemari idzi, sekugovera mari yezviwanikwa uye kuwedzera kukosha kwekambani nekuvandudza mamiriro emari.

Mari yekambani inotarisa pakuchengetedza chiyero pakati pengozi nemukana uye kuwedzera kukosha kweasset. Bhizinesi mari inosanganisira:

• Capital budgeting, heino kuita bhajeti kuronga
• Kushandiswa kwemaitiro akajairwa kukosha kwebhizinesi kana kukosha kwesarudzo chaiyo
• Ziva kwaunobva mari muchimiro chekuenzana, kuenzana, vakweretesi, zvikwereti
• Sarudza kubatsira kwepurofiti zvisingabvumirwe mukudyara mune ramangwana, kushandiswa kwekushanda kana kugovera kune vanogovana
• Kuwana uye mari mumasheya kana zvimwe zvinhu
• Ziva zvinangwa, mikana yakakodzera uye zvipingamupinyi
• Risk management uye mutero kufunga
• Nyaya yemashares pamusoro peIPO uye stock exchange list

🥀 Chii chinonzi Public Finance?

Iyi mhando yemari inosungirirwa kumatunhu, makanzuru, matunhu kana matunhu, muchidimbu, kumari inodiwa nehurumende. Inosanganisira sarudzo dzenguva refu dzekudyara dzine chekuita nemasangano everuzhinji.

Mari yehurumende inotarisa zvinhu zvakaita sekugovewa kwemari, kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa uye kugadzikana kwehupfumi. Mari idzi dzinouya zvakanyanya kubva kumitero, zvikwereti kubva kumabhanga kana makambani einishuwarenzi.

Public Finances inosanganisira:

• Kuzivikanwa kwemari zvinodiwa nesangano reveruzhinji
• Mabviro emari chesangano reruzhinji
• Sarudza nzira bhajeti uye kunobva mari
• Kuburitswa kwechikwereti zvezvirongwa zveveruzhinji
• Kutarisira mutero

Mamwe mazwi maviri ane mukurumbira mune zvemari ndeye microfinance uye mari yekutengesa.

🥀 Chii chinonzi microfinance?

Microfinance inonyanya kunzwisiswa kubva pakona yemicrocredit. Rudzi urwu rwemari rwakagadzirirwa vanhu vasingawane nyore kuwana mabasa emari echinyakare. Vanhu ava vanosanganisira vasina mabasa uye vanobva mumapoka emari shoma, madzimai, nezvimwe.

Mabhangi anogona kupa mamwe masevhisi akadai seakaundi ekuchengetedza, microinsurance uye kudzidziswa. Chinangwa chikuru che microfinance kupa vanhu ava mukana wekuzvimiririra.

Vanokweretesa vanowanzopa zvikwereti mushure mekubatanidza vanokwereta kuti vaone mukana uri nani wekubhadhara. Huwandu hwekubhadhara hwemamicrocredits aya hwakakwira kupfuura hwenguva dzose mari nekuda kwenjodzi iripo.

Microfinance inosanganisira:

• Kuongorora account et kubhengi mari
• Zvirongwa zvedzidzo pamisimboti yekuisa mari
• Kudzidziswa muhunyanzvi hwakadai seakaunzi uye kuchengeta mabhuku, kusanganisira kuyerera kwemari, zvirevo zvemari, nezvimwe.
• Dzidzo yekutanga yekushandisa mari
• Zvidzidzo pamatemu emari uye pfungwa senge mubereko, kuyerera kwemari, bhajeti, chikwereti, nezvimwe.

🥀Chii chinonzi Trade Finance?

Mari yekutengeserana inosanganisira mabasa emari uye zvishandiso zvinogonesa nekufambisa kutengeserana kwenyika. Yakanakira vatengesi nevatengesi kunze kwenyika kuti vaite kutengeserana kwepasirese nekudzikisa njodzi mukutengeserana kwepasirese.

Mari yekutengeserana inogona kubatsira kudzikisira njodzi ine chekuita nekutengeserana kwepasirese nekuenzanisa zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zveanotengesera kunze uye anotora kunze.

Njodzi dzine chekuita nekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kushanduka kwemari, kusabhadhara nebato, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, solvency yemapato, nezvimwe. Mari yekutengeserana inosanganisira wechitatu kupedzisa kutengeserana, kubvisa kutenga uye njodzi yekubhadhara.

Mumari yekutengeserana, mutengesi anogashira mubhadharo sekuenderana nechibvumirano uye mutengesi anogona kuwana mukana wechikwereti kuti azadzise kurongeka kwekutengeserana. Kunze kwekudzivirira njodzi, kusabhadhara uye kusatambira zvinhu, mari yekutengeserana inovandudzawo kushanda nesimba uye mari.

Inobvumira bhizinesi kuti rigamuchire mubhadharo wemari zvichienderana nekutengesa kunogamuchirwa nekuti bhangi remutengi rinovimbisa kubhadhara. Izvi zvakare zvinovimbisa kubhadhara nenguva uye kuvimbiswa kutumirwa kwezvinhu.

🥀 Ndezvipi zviridzwa mune zvemari?

Kuti ubatsirwe kubva kumasevhisi emari, munhu kana kambani inoda mari zviridzwa. Chishandiso chemari chibvumirano pakati pemapato maviri uye chinosanganisira mabasa emari.

Les zviridzwa zvemari inogona kushandiswa pakutsvaga mari kana kukweretesa nekukwereta. Zviridzwa zvemari zvinoiswa muchikwata cheCash zviridzwa kana seDerivative instruments:

🥀 Chii chinonzi Cash Instruments?

Kukosha kweCash Instruments kunotarirwa nemasimba emusika. Mari zviridzwa zviri nyore kutamiswa zviridzwa pakati pemapato. Izvi zvinogona kuva securities, zvikwereti kana deposits.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yemari inowanikwa mumusika zvitupa zvedhipoziti, zvibvumirano zvekutengazve senge repo, mabhiri ekutsinhana, zvikwereti zvemabhangi, bepa rekutengesa, zvibatiso zvemagetsi uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

🥀Chii chinonzi derivatives?

Hukoshi hweDerivative Instruments hunobva mukukosheswa kwechimwe mubatanidzwa chinogona kunge chiri chinhu, kana indekisi, kana chimwe chinhu chingakanganisa kukosha kwezvinobvamo. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezviridzwa zvekubva pamusika ndezvamangwana, kumberi, swaps uye sarudzo.

Zvishandiso zvemari zvakare zvakarongedzerwa zvinoenderana nekirasi yavo yeasset. Zviridzwa zvemari zvinogona kuva chikwereti- kana kuenzana-kwakavakirwa.

Chishandiso chechikwereti chinouya nenzira yezvikwereti izvo bato rinopa rinotsigira kune vanoisa mari. Nepo, equity-based instruments inoratidza muridzi zvichienderana nechikamu cheequity inobatwa nemudzvanyiriri.

Zvikwereti zvine chekuita nezvemari zviridzwa zvinosanganisira mabhondi, mabhondi eramangwana uye zvingasarudzwa, kuchinja kwemhindu, mabhiri eTreasury, remangwana remhindu uye zvibvumirano zvekubhadhara mari.

🥀 Ita basa neFinance

Izvo zvinoreva mari, tsananguro uye hunhu zvingave zvisina kukwana pasina kutarisa sarudzo dzebasa dziripo muindasitiri yezvemari. Heino rondedzero yegumi nzira dzemari dzebasa:

1. commercial bank

Commercial banking inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwemari masevhisi akadai kuongorora maakaundi, maakaundi ekuchengetedza uye zvikwereti zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe nemabhizinesi.

Zvinzvimbo zvinonyanya kufarirwa mumabhangi ezvitoro ndeanoongorora zvikwereti, mukuru wechikwereti, mutauriri webhangi, mortgage banker, maneja webazi, uye trust officer.

Mabhanga eCommerce anogadzira nzvimbo yekukura sezvo vashandi vanoenda kunzvimbo dzepamusoro nemubhadharo wakanaka.

2. Mari yebhizimisi

Mari yekambani inotarisa pakubata mabasa emari ekambani. Izvo ndezvekusimudza mari uye kuendesa iyo mari kuti iwedzere purofiti yebhizinesi. Zvichienderana nesarudzo iyi unogona kuve mubati wehomwe, mutungamiriri wezvemari, Muongorori wezveMari kana maneja wemutero.

3. Investment bank

Iri ibasa repamusoro rezvemari muindasitiri. Investment banking inobata nekutanga kutengeserana, kusanganisa uye kupihwa kwezvibatiso zvakaita semasheya, masheya uye mabhondi ekutengwa nevaisiri mari mumusika.

Mabhangi ekudyara anobatsira kukwidza mari kumabhizinesi, hurumende, uye masangano. Basa rekubhengi rekudyara rine makwikwi, zvinoda hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwemari nehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana uye chivimbo.

Kune migove mizhinji iyo bhanga rekudyara rinogona kushanda mairi. Vanogona kushanda seyemhando yekutsvagisa muongorori, wekutengesa zvibatiso pamusika.

4. inishuwarenzi

Inishuwarenzi inodzivirira vanhu nemabhizinesi kubva panjodzi dzinogona kuitika uye nemamiriro ezvinhu. Mabasa ane mukurumbira muinishuwarenzi anosanganisira mumiriri weinishuwarenzi, nyanzvi yebasa revatengi, kana realist anoverenga njodzi uye mwero wakajairika zvichienderana nemikana yakaunganidzwa kubva mune zvemari.

5. Equity Research

Rimwe basa repamusoro mune rezvemari kutsvagisa equity. Equity research inobata neyakadzama stock analysis, valuation uye mari modhi yekambani.

Muongorori wezve equity anobatsira vanoisa mari kuita sarudzo dzakakosha dzemari, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakudyara. Muongorori anoratidza mari yekutenga, kubata kana kutengesa kune vanoisa mari.

Vanoitawo mishumo yekutsvagisa uye fungidziro. Kuti ubudirire munzvimbo iyi, iwe uchada kushivirira kwakawanda uye kuwedzera kwehutsika hutsika.

6. Kutarisira hupfumi

Kuenzaniswa nemabhanga ekudyara, manejimendi ehupfumi anotarisa pakupa masevhisi emari kune vakapfuma uye vasina hupfumi. Kutarisira hupfumi kunongotsanangurwa sekutarisira mari.

Mamaneja ehupfumi anoita mari nekuchaja mari yemabasa anenge aitwa. Mukutonga kwehupfumi, vatengi vanogona kubata account yebrokerage nekuwana mutero, zvivakwa uye kuronga pamudyandigere.

7. Mortgages/zvikwereti

Chikwereti chiito chekupa masevhisi echikwereti kune vanhu vanoda kutenga imba kana nzvimbo. Mukwereti anofanira kuripa chikwereti nemhindu pakufamba kwamakore kusvikira ava muridzi wepfuma.

Mortgage broker vanozviratidza sevarevereri pakati pemasangano emari nevanogona kuva varidzi vedzimba. Vatengi vanopihwa sarudzo dzechikwereti kubva kune vakawanda vanokweretesa.

Vatengi vanofananidza zvikwereti uye vanobvisa ruzivo rwevatengi rwemari uye nezvebasa. Mortgage broker vanotungamira vatengi pane yavo sarudzo yechikwereti uye ive nechokwadi kuti maitiro acho arikuenderana nemitemo nemirau.

8. Audit

Audit inoreva kuongorora, kuongorora, kuongorora uye kuongororwa kwemari kumisa zvirevo zvemari. Iyi hurongwa hwemari inobatsira mukugadzirisa mari, kuderedza mitengo, kuwedzera mari uye kuita sarudzo dzebhizinesi.

Inotaridza kuti vanhu nevemabhizinesi vanoteedzera makodhi emitero uye marongero emari.

Vaongorori vanogona kushanda mubazi rehurumende, masangano emari nemayunivhesiti. Kune marudzi akasiyana evaongorori: muongorori wemukati, muongorori wekunze, muongorori wehurumende uye mutongi wedare.

9. Accounting

Accounting inosanganisira bhajeti, zuva nezuva kushuma kwemari, uye kuongororwa kwedata mukukura kwebhizinesi ripi neripi. Nyanzvi dzeakaunzi dzinogona kushanda semaneja emari, maodhita, maakaunzi emari, uye manejimendi akaunzi.

10. Treasury

Cash inobata nekugona kwemari kwechero bhizinesi kuti ribudirire uye nekushanda kwakanaka kwebhizinesi. Inopa fungidziro yeramangwana uye inofanotaura mari inodiwa yebhizinesi.

Vashandi vePreasury vane mikana yakasiyana yebasa yavanogona kuongorora mairi. Vanogona kushanda mumasangano makuru kana madiki pasi rose. Pasinei neindasitiri, nyanzvi idzi dzinogona kushanda chero kupi.

Ikozvino, kana iwe uchida zvimwe zviwanikwa zvemari kuti utore zvirinani uye unzwisise mari yako, wobva washanya chitoro chedu uye dhawunirodha iyo Premium kudzidziswa makosi aunofarira iwe.

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