Zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve Ethereum network

Iyo Ethereum purojekiti chikamu chekuedza kuita democratise internet nekugadzira a komputa yenyika. Chinangwa chayo ndechekutsiva iyo yekare modhi yemaseva kana makore ekubata data nenzira itsva: nodhi dzinopiwa nevazvipiri. Vagadziri vayo vanoda kuunza imwe chimiro che data uye decentralized applications izvo zvisingatsamiri pamakambani makuru ehunyanzvi.

Zita remusiki weEthereum ndiVitalik Buterin uye iye muRussia-Canada ari pasi pemakore makumi matatu. Gare gare, vamwe hunhu vakabatana nejaya kukwenenzvera yekutanga White Pepa: mugadziri weBritish Gavin Wood, Jeffrey Wilcke, mugadziri mukuru weGo mutengi, naCharles Hoskinson. Iyo yekupedzisira inyanzvi yemasvomhu yekuAmerica akatanga chirongwa chedzidzo pa blockchain. Ndiye zvakare muvambi weCardano blockchain.

🥀 Chii chinonzi Ethereum?

Ethereum ipuratifomu yakagadzirwa mumakore gumi apfuura zvichibva pane blockchain kana block chain system. Iyo yakavhurika sosi chikuva chekushanda uye kuita bhizinesi online, iyo ine nzvimbo yakakura yekusimudzira. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti iyi mhando yechishandiso ichiri kutora nhanho dzayo dzekutanga pakati pevanonyanya kukanganisa vatengesi.

Nenzira imwechete iyo kukura kwayo kusati kwapera, nokuti ichiri kuda ruzivo rwakakura kune chikamu chevateereri vayo, tinogona kukuvimbisa kuti kukwanisa kwayo, maererano nemari yekuwana, ichiri yakakura zvikuru.

Ether, iyo cryptocurrency inopa simba Ethereum, inoshandiswa kubhadhara kutengeserana kunoitika paEthereum network. Her chinangwa chikuru ndeyekupa mubairo vacheri vanogadzira data transaction pane homonymous network, kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kutengeserana neichi kukosha.

Vanhu vazhinji vasingabatanidzwe mune ino network vanoreva kuna Ether seEthereum. Uyu mubatsiri wedhijitari akapihwa sechikamu chemushandirapamwe wekupa vanhu mari yakatanga chirongwa ichi, asi mamirioni emari matsva anogadzirwa gore rega rega.

Kutenga iyi cryptocurrency inoda kushandiswa kwe cryptocurrency platforms nyanzvi, iyo inogona kuve inorema uye inopedza nguva tsika iyo inozokanganisa kugona kwako kuita kune yenguva pfupi yemutengo shanduko.

Kutengesa Ethereum kuburikidza neCFDs inokutendera iwe kuti uite nekukurumidza kune shanduko uye kutora mukana wekusagadzikana ipapo. Muchokwadi, haufanirwe kuve neyako iyi cryptocurrency kuti ugone kutengesa mutengo wayo.

🥀 Ethereum inoshanda sei?

Iyi blockchain inoshanda (yenguva ino) nevanozivikanwa Uchapupu hwebasa (PoW). Iyo mining algorithm inonzi "ethash", panzvimbo ye Bitcoin's SHA-256. Pano, block validators (kureva Ethereum miners) vanokwikwidzawo kugadzirisa dambudziko remasvomhu, nemukundi achiwana mubairo weakapoteredza 3,5 ETH.

Nezvemigodhi yavo, tinogona kutaura kuti vashandi vavo nevagadziri havafariri michina yeASIC nokuti, maererano navo, vanogona kukonzera imwe centralization. Naizvozvo, iyo algorithm ethash yakanyatsogadzirirwa kudzinga marudzi aya emichina; kana kuti, ita kuti dzive dzisingabatsiri mukuchera kwako. Zvechokwadi, kusiyana neBitcoin, ETH yakawanda yakacherwa nemakadhi evhidhiyo (GPUs).

Iye zvino, mune ramangwana, Ethereum inotarisirwa kusiya Uchapupu hweBasa (PoW) uye kunyatsogamuchira Uchapupu hweStake (PoS). Nehurongwa uhu, hapazove nevacheri vemigodhi, asi vamiriri kana vanosimbisa matransaction avo "vaizotenga” kodzero yavo neimwe huwandu hweETH muchikwama chavo.

Saka, avo vane mari yakawanda vachave nemukana wakanakisa wekusarudzwa nehurongwa hwekusimbisa kutengeserana pasina imwezve mari yekushandisa simba kana zvinhu.

Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti ETH yega yega inopatsanurwa kusvika kugumi nesere nzvimbo (0,000000000000000001 ETH). Sezvakangoita sendi mumari yefiat, akatumidzawo zvikamu zvaro zvidiki.

Pano tinofanira kutaura kuti Gwei ndiro rinonyanya kushandiswa kutaura zvishoma, sezvakangoita iyo satoshi mu bitcoin. Saka pachinzvimbo chekutaura kuti gasi rako mutengo i0,000000001 ether, unogona kutaura kuti inodhura. 1 gwei.

🥀 Ndinogona kubhadhara ne ether kumwe kunhu?

Iwe une ETH uye unoda kuziva zvekuita nayo? Zvinoita here kutenga chimwe chinhu kana kubhadhara sevhisi neiyi cryptocurrency?

Zvakanaka, kunyange zvichiita sezvisingadaviriki kune vakawanda, pamusoro pemakambani e1 akasiyana gamuchira ETH senzira yekubhadhara pasi rese, zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa naCryptwerk. Izvi zvinosanganisira masupamaketi, mabhizinesi ekushanya, chikamu chemutambo wevhidhiyo, masevhisi einternet uye zvemasevhisi ane chekuita nekrisptocurrency, pakati pevamwe.

Paunenge uchiongorora huwandu hwesaiti, kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma asi kwakakosha mukutorwa kwecryptocurrency nevatengesi ndiko. yakaonekwa kubva 2018 kusvika 2020. Uye isu hatigone kutadza kutaura kuti United States inotora nzvimbo yekutanga pakati penyika dzine nhamba huru yemakambani.

🥀 Chii chinonzi Ethereum "virtual machine" (EVM)?

Tinogona kutaura kuti EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) chimwe chinhu chakafanana neEthereum CPU. Uye ndizvo chaizvo zvazvinonzwika se: muchina wedhijitari uyo, mudzidziso, unokwanisa kugadzirisa chero dambudziko remasvomhu uye, nekudaro, kuita chero rairo kana chirongwa.

Iyi inonzi systemKutamba kwapera", uye zvinoreva kugona kwemakomputa ayo isu tese tinoziva. Uye ichi ndicho chikonzero Ethereum ichizivikanwawo se "kombiyuta yepasirese".

Ese marudzi emapurogiramu emakombuta akavakirwa paEVM muSolidity neVyper mitauro. Aya ndiwo mapurogiramu atinoziva se "smart contracts", saka sezvaungatofungidzira, EVM ndiyo mwoyo weEthereum, uko mashiripiti anoberekwa. Zvechokwadi, kuti uite kuti iite, sezvatatotaura, zvakakosha kuigovera negesi.

Uyezve, iyo EVM ine mutauro wayo: iyo 'EVM bytecode'. Kana zvibvumirano zvakanyorwa muSolidity, Vyper kana zvimwe, "zvinoshandurirwa" mukati byte code kuitira kuti EVM iverenge uye iite nemazvo.

🥀 Chii chinonzi "gasi" uye rinoshandiswa sei?

Kana iwe wakamboshandisa Bitcoin kamwechete, iwe uchaziva kuti kutengeserana kwega kwega kune diki pamusoro. Ikomisheni inoitirwa vana vadiki vanochengetedza network. Zvakanaka, iyo yakaenzana mukati meEthereum ndiyo inonzi "gas“. Heino nzvimbo yekuchera cryptocurrency muBlockchain tekinoroji.

Rangarira pavakataura pamusoro apa kuti unobhadhara mari shoma muETH kushandisa network? Zvakanaka, chiyero ichocho igesi. Hazvirevi kuti imwe mari, inotova chiyero chezvaunofanira kubhadhara pane zvaunoita.

Kunyangwe a dapp kana chiratidzo chetsika chinoita sechakazvimirira kubva kuEthereum pakutanga kuona, chokwadi ndechekuti iwe unofanirwa kuve uine "gas” muchimiro cheETH kuti ukwanise kuzvishandisa, nekuti kutengeserana kwega kwega navo kuchasanganisira iyi mutengo mudiki muethers.

Usati waenda kune zvinogona kudhura gasi, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti kune maviri "mhando" dzevashandisi: gasi muganhu uye gasi mutengo. Muganho unoreva nhamba yezvikamu zve "gasi" iwe waunoda kushandisa pane iyo chaiyo kutengeserana uye kazhinji haina kusiyana. Kunyange mutengo uri iwo huwandu hweETH inobhadharwa kune yega yega unit ye ​​"gas“. Nokudaro, mari yose inoverengwa nekuwedzera muganhu nemutengo.

🥀 kuchera ether

Le kuchera chinhu chakakosha chemashandiro anoita Ethereum, sezvakangoita paBitcoin network. Pasina migodhi, kutengeserana kwaisazomboitika uye network yaizova panjodzi yekurwiswa.

Le Ethereum mining inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwezvivharo zvekutengeserana, kuchengetedzwa kwetiweki, uye kutenderera kwe ether itsva. Vacheri vanopa simba remakomputa emakomputa avo kuti vasimbise mabhuroko uye vagopihwa mubairo muether ichangobva kugadzirwa nebhuroko rega rega.

Kusiyana neBitcoin, migodhi yeEthereum haina kubva pane hashing simba asi pandangariro. Iyo nzira inoshandiswa inonzi ProgPoW (Programmatic Proof-of-Work). Zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwekuyeuka kuwana kubva kumaGPU anoshongedza makomputa evamigodhi.

Vacheri vanofanira kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara anoda simba rakawanda reRAM. Mucheri wekutanga kuwana mhinduro yebhuroko idzva rega rega anopihwa mubairo ne2 ichangobva kugadzirwa ether, pamwe nemari yebhuroka yekutengeserana. A new block inowanikwa anenge ese gumi nematatu masekonzi.

Ziva kuti basa rekuchera migodhi rinopedza huwandu hwakakosha hwemagetsi. Kushandiswa uku kunofungidzirwa kuenzaniswa nenyika diki. Ichi ndicho chikonzero Ethereum ichida kutamira kune humbowo hwekutengesa neEth2, nzira shoma shoma yesimba.

Migodhi icharamba yakakosha kwemamwe makore mashoma panguva yekuchinja kuenda kuEth2. Miners akatogadzira consortium (Ethereum Mining Council) kutsigira ichi chikuru technological shanduko yeEthereum.

🥀 Ethereum forks

Fork musiyano wehunyanzvi unotungamira mukuparadzaniswa pakati penzira mbiri dzekushanduka pane blockchain. PaEthereum, maforogo akati wandei akatoitika.

Iyo inonyanya kufananidzira forogo ndeye DAO forogo inotevera $50 miriyoni ether exploit muna 2016. Kuti adzorere mari, Vitalik Buterin akasarudza kuita yakaoma forogo nekudzoreredza kutengeserana. Izvi zvakakonzera nzira mbiri dzakasiyana: Ethereum (ETH) iyo ketani huru uye Ethereum Classic (ETC) iyo dissident chiteshi.

Paivawo neforogo yeByzantium muna 2017 iyo yakaunza shanduko yekugadzirira Ethereum kuwedzera. Ipapo iyo Constantinople forogo muna 2019 iyo yakashandura hupfumi hwemigodhi uye mubhadharo pane network.

Muna 2020, forogo yeIstanbul yakaita kuti zvikwanise kubatanidza kudyidzana pakati Ethereum uye Zcash. Uye pakupedzisira, pakutanga kwa2022, iyo Arrow Glacier fork yakasundidzira kumashure zuva reThe Merge uye shanduko kune humbowo hwedanda kudzikamisa network.

Cherechedza kuti neEth2, kutamira kune uchapupu-hwe-danda kuchaitawo kuguma kweforogo dzenguva dzose dzakasangana neEthereum network kubva pakusikwa kwayo, ne blockchain ichiva yakasimba zvikuru.

Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti maforogo anotevera anofanirwa kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka nekuvandudza scalability, kumhanya uye mutengo wekushandisa network yekutengeserana uye maapplication.

🥀 Ethereum uye DeFi

Imwe yeanonyanya kushandura kushandiswa kweEthereum ndiko kuputika kwekukura kwe decentralized finance (DeFi) kubvira 2020. Cryptocurrencies uye blockchain inoita kuti zvikwanise kuvaka hupfumi hwehupfumi hwakavhurika, pasina vamiriri uye hunowanikwa kune vese.

Decentralized zvemari zvikumbiro zvakavakwa paEthereum vachishandisa smart zvibvumirano. Aya mapurogiramu ekombuta ega anogadzirisa kutengeserana, zvikwereti kana kufarira zviri pachena uye zvakachengeteka.

Yakasiyana siyana yeDeFi masevhisi akabuda akadai se stablecoins, mapuratifomu ekukweretesa nekukwereta (Aave, Musanganiswa), decentralized insurers (Nexus Mutual, Etherisc) kana kunyange decentralized exchanges kubvumira kuchinjanisa tokens uye cryptocurrencies pasina murevereri (Uniswap, Curve).

Huwandu hwese hwakakiyiwa mumashandisirwo eDeFi hwakaputika mumakore maviri kupfuura $2 bhiriyoni. Ichi chingori mavambo uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti 100% yemasevhisi emari echinyakare anogona kugoverwa ne10 nekuda kweEthereum.

Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvikaramba zviri maererano nekuvanzika uye kuchengetedzeka, hapana kupokana kuti chikamu ichi chiri kukura chicharamba chichigadzira uye nekupa masevhisi matsva akatarisana nekugovana kukosha kwete kuibvisa.

🥀 Decentralized application

Imwe yehukuru hutsva hweEthereum mukana wekugadzira decentralized application (DApps) uchishandisa smart contract tekinoroji. Iyi otomatiki mitsara yekodhi inoita kuti zvikwanise kuvaka marudzi ese ekushandisa zvakananga pa blockchain.

Patova nevakawanda kupfuura 3000 DApps inoshanda paEthereum munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Pakati pezvikumbiro zvemureza, tinogona kutaura mapuratifomu emari akasarudzika seUniswap kana Compound. Asi zvakare blockchain mitambo seCryptoKitties kana Axie Infinity. Kana kunyange misika yemisika yakaita seOpenSea.

Aya maapplication haana kana poindi yekutarisa kana kutadza. Iyo data uye kodhi yeDApps inoparadzirwa kumativi ose eEthereum network. Iko hakuna centralized server uye ivo vanosimba kune kubuda kana censorship.

DApps inoumbwa nezvibvumirano zvakangwara zvinotsanangura mitemo yechirongwa. Vanozviita otomatiki zvinoenderana nemamiriro echibvumirano kana mamwe mamiriro asangana. Ivo vanogona kubata cryptocurrencies, zvisiri-fungible tokens (NFTs) uye nezvimwe zvakawanda kuvaka masevhisi ekuvandudza.

Pakupedzisira, isu tinogona kufungidzira kuti maapplication akaiswa anotsiva akawanda emazuva ano masevhisi edhijitari, achipa pachena, kushanda nesimba uye kusimba uku zvichibva pakugovana kukosha. Kutenda Ethereum, maDApps ari kungotanga shanduko yavo uye anotarisirwa kushandura zvakanyanya hupfumi hwedhijitari mukati memakore gumi e2020.

🥀 Ethereum uye nharaunda yekudzora

Isu tatoziva kuti mari yekristptomari haisi favourite yehurumende nemabhanga epakati pasirese nekuda kwepfungwa dzavo dzepakati: kuzvitonga uye kuendesa matunhu. Mune dzimwe nyika pasi rose, dzakarambidzwa zvachose.

Mune dzimwe, vave vari kurerukirwa mukubata nezvinetso zvemari. Uye mukomana vakabudirira! Vamwezve, pakati chaipo pechiyero, vakasarudza kudzora zvimwe zviitiko.

Muna 2018, chikuva chaidzorwa nevatungamiriri veUS vakaita se iyo Securities uye Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Exchange Commission (CFEC); nekuda kwekutanga kutengeswa kwechiratidzo chayo muna 2014.

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yacho yakanga yakwegura panguva iyoyo, vainetseka kuti presale yakasimudza 31 BTC (yakaenzana ne $ 000 mamiriyoni panguva iyoyo) yakawira pasi pechikamu chekutengesa kwezvivimbiso zveSecurities Act ye18,3. vakanyoresa cryptocurrency sechengetedzo isati yatengeswa.

Nekudaro, Lubin akati nguva yese yavakapedza vachibvunzana nemagweta muUnited States nedzimwe nyika pamberi pekutengesa kwekufananidzira kwaisave pasina. Ethers yakawanikwa isingaverengerwi semari yemari maererano neHowey test. Saka chirevo ichi kubva kuzviremera hachishande, uye panguva ino zvinhu zvinoramba zvakaita seizvi manheru ekutanga kwePoS.

🥀 Ethereum: imwe sisitimu pane cryptocurrencies

Kunyangwe ether iri iyo cryptocurrency yepuratifomu inotinetsa mune ino chinyorwa, haisiriyo kiyi kune iyi inoshanda sisitimu. Hwaro hwekushanda kwayo ndiko kunonzi nehunyanzvi chibvumirano chakangwara, iyo inosanganisira inoshanda zvakanyanya uye yakareruka yekushandisa network yekutsigira kuvaka.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti maitiro anongoitwa otomatiki, ane humbowo hukuru uye kubviswa kwebasa revanopindirana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, network iyi inobuda seimwe nzira inopa simba kuvatambi vadiki vachipesana nemakambani makuru anodyara mari pachiyero chenyika.

Unogona kurekodha smart zvibvumirano zvichitevedzana nekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro uye mari yakakwana. Uku kuendesa matunhu, zvakare, kunodzivirira kukanganisa kunogumbura kubva kumabhanga uye mamwe maajenti ekomisheni. Kazhinji kutaura, iwe unoshanda nezvibvumirano zvinobva kune zvakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwako hweether, asi izvi hazvizove pfuma yako.

🥀 Hukama huri pakati peEthereum neBitcoin

Pakupedzisira, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti, kubva pakuberekwa kwe ethers muna 2015, hukama uye kuenzanisa ne bitcoins zvakaratidza nzira yayo. Saizvozvo, zvakapesvedzera kusimukira kwemamwe blockchain kana cryptocurrency mapuratifomu.

Iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti bitcoins yaive yekutanga cryptocurrencies yakabuda. Hunhu hwayo hwekupayona hwakagadzira nzira yezvimwe zvikumbiro zvisingakanganisi. Buterin's platform yakatevera uye yakawana mukurumbira mukuru.

Asi pasina kutarisa hwaro hwehurongwa pane cryptocurrencies. Zvakajairika, kune rumwe rutivi, kune vanoisa mari kuti vatarise vaviri vanoumba pakati pe bitcoins nepuratifomu ether.

Kazhinji, tinosimbisa kuwirirana kwekuiswa kwe bitcoins mumambure ekushanda kwe smart zvibvumirano. Mupfungwa iyi, kuwedzera kwemutengo kwegadziriro iyi kwave kuchionekwa kuti kunotungamirirwa zvakananga nekuwanda kwe bitcoins.

Izvo zvasvika padanho rekuti network yatiri kuongorora yakapfuura bitcoins muna 2020 mumarekodhi akadai seane hukama nekuvandudza uye kutengeserana-pasekondi.

Kazhinji kutaura, tokenized bitcoins inova yakajairika yekutengesa cryptocurrencies papuratifomu ethers. Ihwo hukama hwakanaka kune avo vanoda kushanda mu blockchain, asi umo, zvishoma nezvishoma, hurongwa hwakazvarwa muna 2015 hunokura kusvika pakukuvadza bitcoins.