Zvese nezve inflation

Chii chinonzi inflation? Hupfumi hwanga huchienderera mberi kubva budiriro yakatanga kuchinjana kwayo kwekutanga. Kubva ipapo uye nanhasi, zvigadzirwa zvitsva uye masevhisi ari kugara achibuda, saka mitengo inosiyana kubva panguva nenguva.

Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekuda kwemari yepamutemo yemarudzi akasiyana kana masangano epamusoro, semuenzaniso euro muEuropean Union.

Nenzira iyi, nyika dzese dzine maparameter akasiyana ekuongorora shanduko yehupfumi hwavo uye zviitiko zvinoitika mairi. Imwe yeakajairika inflation, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera kwemitengo kunotungamirira kuderera kwesimba rekutenga revanhu, kuderedza simba ravo rekutenga nekuchengetedza.

handeyi

🥀 Chii chinonzi inflation muhupfumi?

Tinogona kutsanangura inflation sekuwedzera kwemitengo inowanikwa muzvinhu kana masevhisi pane imwe nguva yenguva. Inogonawo kutsanangurwa sekuderera kwekukosha kwemari. Kukwira kwemitengo kwakakwira, zvinhu zvishoma zvatingadya nemari yakafanana.

Iyo yekuyera index par kunaka ndeye iyo mutengi mutengo index (CPI). Iyi indekisi ine simba rakananga pakukwira kwemuhoro, mudyandigere, marendi uye mamwe mazano anoshandurwa maererano neCPI.

🥀 Zvikonzero zveInflation

Pakati pemabviro ekuchinja kwemitengo ndezvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinowanzokonzera kukwira kwemitengo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndiko kusaenzana kunoitika pakati kupa uye kudiwa, nekuda kwekuti vatengi vazhinji vanoda zvinhu zvisingawanzo.

Nekudaro, kukosha kwakafanana kunofanirwa kupihwa kune zvakapesana nemamiriro ezvinhu: iyo yakawandisa inopa zvakare yakaipa kune imwe nyika, sezvo pasina chinodiwa chekuchifunga uye chinopesana neiyo inflation inoitika. i.e. deflation.

Nekudaro, iyo yekupedzisira kesi inofanirwa kudzorwa nekuti kusaenzana kunogona kuitika muhurongwa kana, kunyangwe paine mari mumusika, kudiwa hakuwedzere.

🥀 Mhando kana madhigirii ekukwira kwemitengo

Kana tangoona zvikonzero zvinokurudzira chiitiko chekukwira kwemitengo, tinofanira kuziva madhigirii ayo anogona kuitika:

✔️ Inflation ine mwero

Uku kuwedzera kuduku kwemitengo, iyo isingapfuuri 10% pagore. Pano kuwedzera kwemutengo kunoramba kuri pakati 2% uye 4%, izvo zviri pamusoro pezvinofungwa nenyanzvi dzezvehupfumi zvakanakira kukura kwehupfumi, asi kwete zvakanyanya. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pamatanho aya mabhanga epakati ane zvombo zvakakwana zvekuita uye kudzosa iyi nhanho yekukwira kwemitengo munzvimbo yekutonga.

✔️ Rampant inflation

Izvi zvinokanganisa hupfumi hwenyika sezvo inflation ichikwira kusvika yakapetwa kaviri kana katatu pagore pagore. Nekudzikisa kukosha kwemari, vanhu vanoisa pfungwa pakushandisa kwavo zvakanyanya pazvinhu zvakakosha.

✔️ hyperinflation

Mafungiro ekupedzisira anoratidza kuti nyika yapinda mudambudziko rakakura rehupfumi. Sekureva kwaSteve Hanke, purofesa paJohns Hopkins University, mubvunzurudzo yeBBC: "Nemusangano, vezvehupfumi vanobvuma kuti hyperinflation iripo apo inflation inodarika 50% pamwedzi. Somugumisiro, kukosha kwemari kunowira.

Kana kuwedzera kukuru kwe inflation kunoperekedzwa nekuderera kwehupfumi, kune stagflation: pfungwa iyo tsanangudzo yaro yakagadzirwa nedambudziko remafuta rema1970 nemigumisiro inoparadza yekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwemari inoperekedzwa nekuderera kwehupfumi munyika dzakawanda.

✔️ High inflation

Iko kuwedzera kwemutengo kunopfuura 3-4% asi haisviki 10% pagore. Kana chiri chiitiko chenguva pfupi, sezvakaitika pakutanga kwa2021 nekuda kwekuenzanisa nehafu yakaoma yekutanga ya2020, harisi dambudziko guru, asi kana rikaramba richienderera mberi nekufamba kwenguva, kukukurwa kwazvinoburitsa kwekuchengetedza zvakare. yakasimba kwazvo.

🥀 Ko inflation inokanganisa sei hupfumi?

✔️ Inflation padanho remacroeconomic

Apo patinotaura pamusoro pemigumisiro ye inflation pa macroeconomic level, yekutanga zviri pachena kukwira kwemitengo. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvinhu zvose zvinodhura sezvatakataura pakutanga. Tinogona kutenga zvishoma nezvakafanana, izvo zvinozokanganisa chikwama chedu, sezvatichaona gare gare.

Ehe, isu tinofanirwa kuve pachena kuti inflation haifanire kunge iri izwi rine chirevo chisina kunaka: yakaderera kana inodzorwa inflation inotiratidza kuti hupfumi hwenyika huri munguva yakanaka yekubudirira, sezvo vagari vasiri kurasikirwa nekutenga simba uye. izvo vanhu vari kudya, pakati pezvimwe zviratidzo.

Kukwira kwemitengo kwakadzorwa kunoonekwa sekwakanakira hupfumi hwenyika, kunyanya kudzivirira mamiriro anogona kuitika ekuderera kwemari.

✔️ Ko inflation inokanganisa sei kuchengetedza?

Nezve kuti inflation inokanganisa sei kuchengetedza kwedu, tinogona kuwana nzira dzakasiyana. Kukwira kwemitengo kwakanyanya kunokanganisa hupfumi hwenyika yedu sezvo tichirasikirwa nekutenga nekuva nemari yedu "pasi pemetiresi".

Kureva kuti kana mari yedu ikamira uye inflation ichiwedzera, zvishoma nezvishoma icharasikirwa nekukosha kwayo: inflation ichaipedza. Ndosaka tichiwanzotaura nezve “ inflation monster ".

Kana zviri zvemihoro, Hurumende inowanzowedzera mari shoma interprofessional kana ichiwedzera, Asi hazvisi nguva dzose. Kana iri mihoro, kana inflation yakwira, hurumende inowanzokwidza muhoro wepasi.

Uye kana tasvika pakukweretesa, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti kana inflation ikadarika zvinotarisirwa, mabhanga epakati anokwidza mari dzechimbadzo kuti asaita manyemwe. Saka, kana, semuenzaniso, une chikwereti chemari kusiyana kufarira, muripo wako uchawedzera.

Kana iwe usingade kurasikirwa nemari neinflation, mhinduro ndeyekudyara. Mari yekudyidzana ndiyo vavengi vakanyanya kukwira kwemitengo, sezvo vachitibvumidza kuwana kudzoka pamari yedu nekuidzivirira kubva pakuderera nekufamba kwenguva kana yakamira.

✔️ Mamwe mazwi ane chekuita nekukwira kwemitengo

• Reflation: nyika inokurudzira hupfumi kuti ukunde kudzikira.
• Disinflation: Mitengo iri kukwira, asi iri pasi pekare, iyo inoderedza mwero wekukwira kwemitengo.
• Core inflation: Iri data rakanyatsojeka kana chiratidzo chinoratidza kusiyana kwemitengo yevatengi munguva pfupi. Anosiya padivi kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nemitengo yemagetsi, pakati pezvimwe.
• Stagflation: Zvinoitika kana inflation uye kushaikwa kwemabasa kuchikwira panguva imwe chete paine kudzikama muGDP panguva yekunetsa kwehupfumi.