Na u tseba tsohle ka lichelete?

Chelete ke taba e kholo le e kholo eo re lokelang ho e bua. Hangata liak'haonte le lichelete li sebelisoa hammoho, 'me ba bang ba nka hore lia tšoana. Empa ho na le phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa tsena tse peli.

Ha e le hantle, lichelete ke lentsoe le pharaletseng le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa tsamaiso ea chelete le mokhoa o amehang tabeng ea ho fumana chelete. Lichelete li kenyelletsa libanka, mekoloto, matsete, thepa le mekoloto e etsang litsamaiso tsa lichelete.

Libaka tse tharo tse kholo tsa lichelete li thehile litsi, lits'ebetso, litekanyetso le sepheo se ikhethileng: Lichelete tsa khoebo, lichelete tsa hau et lichelete tsa sechaba.

Linaheng tse tsoetseng pele, ho na le sebopeho se majabajaba sa limmaraka le litsi tsa lichelete ho fihlela litlhoko tsa libaka tsena ka kopanelo le ka thoko. Kahoo, a re utloisise hore na lichelete ke eng?

Empa pele, ke rata ho u tsebisa ka koetliso ena ea pele e u fang litsebo.malebela a katleho ea khoebo.

Ha re ee

🥀 Finance ke eng?

Lichelete ke kabo ea thepa, mekoloto, le lichelete ka nako, lits'ebetso, le mecha ea litaba ho fumana molemo o moholo khoebong. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho laola kapa ho atisa lichelete ka tsela e molemohali ea hlokomela lithahasello ha u ntse u sebetsana le likotsi le lipelaelo.

Lichelete li amana haufi-ufi le chelete kaha ke mokhoa oa phapanyetsano. Lekala la lichelete ke enjene ea indasteri ea moruo, ea sechaba le ea tsamaiso. Ho tloha polokelong ho ea ho mekhatlo ea lichelete le ho tloha makhethong a mmuso ho ea ho tekano, ts'ebetso ea lichelete e ka bonoa mesebetsing eohle le lits'ebetsong.

Mona ke tse ling tsa litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa lichelete:

• Ka moruo, finance ke lekala la moruo le sebetsanang le kabo, tsamaiso, matsete le kabo ea lisebelisoa.
• Ka khoebo, lichelete li hlalosoa e le ho bokella chelete ka ho fana le ho rekisa li-stock kapa likoloto.
• Mahlaleng, lichelete li kenyelletsa ho theha, tsamaiso le boithuto ba chelete. E boetse e akaretsa libanka, mekitlane, mekoloto, thepa le matsete.
• Litsebi lia hlalosa lichelete joalo ka kabo ea matlotlo ke batho ba sebetsang nako e fetang tekano tlasa maemo a itseng a sa tsitsang. Ba lumela hore thepa e nkoa e le ea bohlokoa ho latela boemo ba kotsi ea bona le tekanyo ea eona ea ho khutlisa.
• Ho ipapisitsoe le pono ea sistimi, lichelete li kenyelletsa mekhoa ea lichelete tse kang mekhatlo ea sechaba, ea poraefete le ea mmuso. Hape ke thuto ea lichelete le lisebelisoa tsa lichelete.

🥀Melao e amanang le indasteri ea lichelete

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea mantsoe le lihlooho tse amanang le litsamaiso tsa lichelete. Mona ke lethathamo la tse ling tsa tsona tseo ho ka etsahalang hore u kopane le tsona indastering:

• Kotsi le ho khutla
• etseng phaello
• boemo ba lichelete
• Bathehi
• Lichelete tsa boitšoaro
• Litsenyehelo tsa capital
• Phallo ea chelete
• Sekhahla sa phaello
• Likabelo
• Khefutsa

Joale a re ke re ithute ho eketsehileng ka mefuta e meraro ea lichelete. Ha re qaleng ka lichelete tsa botho, ebe lichelete tsa khoebo le tsa lichelete tsa sechaba

🥀 Personal Finance ke Eng?

Lichelete tsa motho ka mong li laola lichelete kapa lichelete tsa motho le ho ba thusa ho fihlela lipheo tsa bona tsa polokelo le matsete tseo ba li batlang. Lichelete tsa botho li ikhethile ho batho ka bomong mme maano a ipapisitse le monyetla oa ho fumana moputso, litlhoko, lipheo, nako ea nako, joalo-joalo.

Lichelete tsa motho ka mong li kenyelletsa ho tsetela thutong, thepa e kang thekiso ea matlo, likoloi, inshorense ea bophelo, inshorense ea bongaka le tse ling, lipolokelo le taolo ea litšenyehelo.

Haholo-holo, lichelete tsa botho li kenyelletsa:

• Tšireletso khahlanong le liketsahalo tse sa lebelloang le tse sa tsitsang tsa botho
• Phetisetso ya leruo ka meloko ya lelapa
• Tsamaiso ea lekhetho le ho latela melaoana ea lekhetho (lithuso tsa lekhetho kapa likotlo)
• Ho itokisetsa ho tlohela mosebetsi
• Itokisetse litšenyehelo tsa nako e telele kapa theko e kenyelletsang chelete e ngata
• Tefo ea kalimo kapa sekoloto
• Matsete le Lipheo tsa Kaho ea Leruo

Na u batla ho laola lichelete tsa hau ho tloha qalong ho fihlela qetellong? Ho lokile, mona ke thupelo e felletseng ea premium eo re e etselitseng ho u thusa ho ba moithuti Roi ea lichelete tsa hau.

🥀 Corporate Finance ke eng?

Lichelete tsa khoebo li kenyelletsa ho tšehetsa litšenyehelo tsa khoebo le ho aha sebopeho sa capital ea khoebo.

E sebetsana le mohloli oa lichelete le ho tsamaisa lichelete tsena, tse kang ho fana ka lichelete bakeng sa lisebelisoa le ho eketsa boleng ba k'hamphani ka ho ntlafatsa maemo a lichelete.

Lichelete tsa khoebo li shebane le ho boloka botsitso lipakeng tsa kotsi le monyetla le ho eketsa boleng ba thepa. Lichelete tsa khoebo li kenyelletsa:

• Chelete ea lichelete, ke ena mokhoa oa ho etsa moralo oa lichelete
• Tšebeliso ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng boleng ba khoebo kapa tekanyetso ea sebele ea likhetho
• Hlalosa mohloli oa lichelete ka mokhoa oa tekano, tekano, ba kolotoang, likoloto
• Lekola molemo oa phaello e sa lekanyetsoang bakeng sa matsete a kamoso, tšebeliso ea ts'ebetso kapa kabo ho beng ba liabo
• Ho fumana le ho tsetela ka dishere kapa matlotlo a mang
• Khetholla lipakane, menyetla le litšitiso tse loketseng
• Tsamaiso ea likotsi le lintlha tsa lekhetho
• Taba ea likarolo holim'a IPO le lethathamo la phapanyetsano ea thepa

🥀 Lichelete tsa Sechaba ke Eng?

Mofuta ona oa lichelete o hokahane le linaha, bomasepala, liprofinse kapa libaka, ka bokhutšoanyane, le lichelete tse hlokoang ke mmuso. E kenyelletsa liqeto tsa nako e telele tsa matsete tse amanang le mekhatlo ea sechaba.

Lichelete tsa sechaba li ela hloko lintlha tse kang kabo ea chelete, kabo ea lisebelisoa le botsitso ba moruo. Lichelete li tsoa haholo makhethong, likalimong tsa libanka kapa lik'hamphani tsa inshorense.

Lichelete tsa Sechaba li kenyelletsa:

• Ho tsebahatsa litšenyehelo e hlokoang ke mokhatlo oa sechaba
• Mehloli ea chelete ea mokhatlo oa sechaba
• Etsa qeto ea mokhoa tekanyetso le mohloli oa lichelete
• Phano ea likoloto bakeng sa merero ea sechaba
• Tsamaiso ea lekhetho

Mantsoe a mang a mabeli a tsebahalang litabeng tsa lichelete ke microfinance le trade finance.

🥀 Microfinance ke eng?

Microfinance e bonoa haholoanyane ho tsoa lehlakoreng la microcredit. Mofuta ona oa lichelete o etselitsoe batho ba sa khoneng ho fumana litšebeletso tse tloaelehileng tsa lichelete. Batho bana ba kenyeletsa ba sa sebetseng le batho ba tsoang lihlopheng tsa meputso e tlase, basali, joalo-joalo.

Libanka li kanna tsa fana ka lits'ebeletso tse ling joalo ka li-account tsa polokelo, li-microinsurance le koetliso. Sepheo se seholo sa microfinance ke ho fa batho bana monyetla oa ho ikemela.

Hangata ba alimang ba fana ka likalimo ka mor'a ho kopanya ba alimang ho netefatsa monyetla o motle oa ho khutlisa. Chelete ea puseletso ea li-microcredits tsena e phahame ho feta ea lichelete tse tloaelehileng ka lebaka la kotsi e amehang.

Microfinance e kenyelletsa:

• E hlahloba akhaonto et chelete ea banka
• Mananeo a thuto ka melao-motheo ea ho tsetela
• Koetliso ea litsebo tse kang tsa liak'haonte le ho boloka libuka, ho kenyeletsoa taolo ea phallo ea chelete, litlaleho tsa chelete, joalo-joalo.
• Koetliso ea motheo ea tsamaiso ea chelete
• Lithuto mabapi le maemo a lichelete le mehopolo joalo ka sekhahla sa tsoala, phallo ea chelete, tekanyetso, sekoloto, jj.

🥀Trade Finance ke eng?

Lichelete tsa khoebo li kenyelletsa litšebeletso tsa lichelete le lisebelisoa tse nolofalletsang le ho tsamaisa khoebo ea machaba. E loketse bakeng sa barekisi le barekisi ba kantle ho naha ho etsa litšebelisano tse ntle tsa machaba ka ho fokotsa kotsi khoebong ea lefats'e.

Lichelete tsa khoebo li ka thusa ho fokotsa kotsi e amanang le khoebo ea lefats'e ka ho leka-lekanya litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa morekisi ntle le moreki.

Likotsi tse amanang le khoebo ea machaba ke ho feto-fetoha ha chelete, ho se lefelloe ke mokha, ho hloka botsitso lipolotiking, solvency ea mekha, joalo-joalo. Lichelete tsa khoebo li kenyelletsa motho oa boraro ho phethela khoebo, ho felisa kotsi ea ho fumana chelete le ho lefa.

Licheleteng tsa khoebo, morekisi oa kantle o fumana tefo ho latela tumellano 'me morekisi a ka fumana monyetla oa ho sebelisa mokitlane ho phethahatsa taelo ea khoebo. Ntle le ho sireletsa khahlanong le likotsi, ho se lefshoe le ho se amoheloe ha thepa, lichelete tsa khoebo le tsona li ntlafatsa katleho le lekeno.

E lumella khoebo ho fumana tefo ea chelete e ipapisitseng le likamohelo tsa khoebo hobane banka ea moreki e tiisa tefo. Sena se boetse se netefatsa litefo tse nakong le thomello e netefalitsoeng ea thepa.

🥀 Lisebelisoa tsa lichelete ke life?

Ho rua molemo litšebeletsong tsa lichelete, motho kapa k'hamphani e hloka lisebelisoa tsa lichelete. Sesebelisoa sa lichelete ke konteraka pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli 'me e kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea lichelete.

Les liletsa tsa lichelete e ka sebelisoa molemong oa matsete kapa molemong oa ho alima le ho alima. Lisebelisoa tsa lichelete li hlophisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa Chelete kapa tse tsoang ho tse ling:

🥀 Lisebelisoa tsa Cash ke eng?

Boleng ba Cash Instruments bo khethoa ke matla a 'maraka. Lisebelisoa tsa chelete ke lisebelisoa tse fetisetsoang habonolo pakeng tsa lihlopha. Tsena e ka ba li-securities, likalimo kapa li-depositi.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa chelete tse fumanehang 'marakeng ke litifikeiti tsa li-depositi, litumellano tsa ho reka hape joalo ka repo, likoloto tsa phapanyetsano, likalimo tsa libanka, pampiri ea khoebo, matšeliso a elektroniki le tse ling tse ngata.

🥀Li-derivatives ke eng?

Boleng ba Derivative Instruments bo tsoa ho boleng ba mokhatlo o mong oo e ka bang letlotlo, kapa index, kapa ntho efe kapa efe e ka susumetsang boleng ba lihlahisoa. Mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse tsoang 'marakeng ke bokamoso, pele, li-swaps le likhetho.

Lisebelisoa tsa lichelete li boetse li arotsoe ho ea ka sehlopha sa bona sa thepa. Lisebelisoa tsa lichelete li ka ipapisa le sekoloto kapa tekano.

Sesebelisoa se ipapisitseng le likoloto se tla ka mokhoa oa likalimo tseo mokha o fanang ka tsona a li bolelang ho bo-ramatsete. Athe, lisebelisuoa tse ipapisitseng le tekano li bonts'a beng ba tsona ho ipapisitsoe le karolo ea tekano e ts'oereng ke motseteli.

Lisebelisoa tsa lichelete tse thehiloeng likolotong li kenyelletsa li-bond, bokamoso ba bonto le likhetho, ho fapanyetsana ho sekhahla sa tsoala, Likoloto tsa Polokelo ea Matlotlo, bokamoso ba sekhahla sa tsoala le litumellano tsa sekhahla sa phalliso .

🥀 Etsa mosebetsi ka Finance

Moelelo oa lichelete, tlhaloso le litšoaneleho li ka be li sa phethahala ntle le ho sheba likhetho tsa mesebetsi tse fumanehang indastering ea lichelete. Mona ke lenane la litsela tse 10 tsa mosebetsi oa lichelete:

1. banka ea khoebo

Libanka tsa khoebo li fana ka litšebeletso tse ngata tsa lichelete tse kang ho hlahloba li-account, liak'haonte tsa polokelo le lits'ebeletso tsa likalimo bakeng sa batho ka bomong le likhoebo.

Maemo a tsebahalang haholo libankang tsa mabenkele ke mohlahlobi oa mekoloto, ofisiri ea likalimo, morekisi oa banka, morekisi oa mekoloto ea matlo, molaoli oa lekala le ofisiri ea trust.

Libanka tsa khoebo li theha sebaka sa kholo ha basebetsi ba kena maemong a phahameng ka moputso o motle.

2. Lichelete tsa khoebo

Lichelete tsa khoebo li shebane le ho laola mesebetsi ea lichelete ea khoebo. E mabapi le ho bokella lichelete le ho tsamaisa lichelete tseo ho eketsa phaello ea khoebo. Ho ipapisitse le khetho ena u ka ba ramatlotlo, motsamaisi oa lichelete, Mohlahlobi oa lichelete kapa mookameli oa lekhetho.

3. banka ea lichelete

Ona ke mosebetsi o holimo oa lichelete indastering. Libanka tsa matsete li sebetsana le litšebelisano tsa mantlha, ho kopanya le ho fana ka li-securities tse kang li-stock, shares le bond tse rekoang ke boramatsete 'marakeng.

Libanka tsa matsete li thusa ho nyolla chelete bakeng sa likhoebo, mebuso le mekhatlo. Mosebetsi oa ho etsa matsete oa libanka o na le tlholisano e kholo, o hloka tsebo ea mahlale a lichelete ka litsebo tse ntle tsa lipuisano le boits'epo.

Ho na le likarohano tse ngata tseo banka ea matsete a ka sebetsang ho tsona. Ba kanna ba sebetsa e le mohlahlobi oa lipatlisiso tsa boleng, matlotlo a khoebo 'marakeng.

4. inshorense

Inshorense e sireletsa batho ka bomong le likhoebo khahlanong le likotsi le maemo a ka bang teng. Likarolo tse tsebahalang ho inshorense li kenyelletsa moemeli oa thekiso ea inshorense, setsebi sa litšebeletso tsa bareki, kapa setsebi sa 'nete se balang kotsi le sekhahla se tloaelehileng ho ipapisitse le menyetla e bokeletsoeng ho tsoa litsing tsa lichelete.

5. Lipatlisiso tsa Tekano

Mosebetsi o mong o ka sehloohong oa lichelete ke lipatlisiso tsa equity. Patlisiso ea Equity e sebetsana le tlhahlobo e tebileng ea stock, boleng ba boleng le mohlala oa lichelete oa k'hamphani.

Setsebi sa lipatlisiso tsa equity se thusa batseteli ho etsa liqeto tsa bohlokoa tsa lichelete, haholo ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho tsetela. Mohlahlobi o fana ka maikutlo a matsete a ho reka, ho ts'oara kapa ho rekisetsa batseteli.

Ba boetse ba etsa litlaleho tsa lipatlisiso le likhakanyo. Ho ipabola sebakeng sena, o tla hloka mamello e ngata le boemo bo eketsehileng ba litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro.

6. Tsamaiso ea leruo

Ha ho bapisoa le libanka tsa matsete, taolo ea leruo e shebane le ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa lichelete ho ba ruileng le ba ruileng haholo. Tsamaiso ea leruo e hlalosoa feela e le taolo ea chelete.

Baokameli ba maruo ba etsa chelete ka ho lefisa litefiso bakeng sa litšebeletso tse fanoang. Tsamaisong ea leruo, bareki ba ka tsamaisa ak'haonte ea barekisi ka phihlello ea lekhetho, thepa le moralo oa ho tlohela mosebetsi.

7. Mekoloto/ dikadimo

Mokoloto oa ntlo ke ketso ea ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa kalimo ho batho ba lakatsang ho reka ntlo kapa thepa. Ea alingoang o tlameha ho lefa sekoloto le tsoala ho theosa le lilemo ho fihlela e e-ba monga thepa.

Barekisi ba matlo ba itlhahisa e le bakena-lipakeng lipakeng tsa mekhatlo ea lichelete le bao e ka bang beng ba matlo. Bareki ba fuoa likhetho tsa likalimo ho tsoa ho ba alimang ba bangata.

Bareki ba bapisa likalimo le ho hula lintlha tsa bareki tsa lichelete le tsa mosebetsi. Barekisi ba matlo ba tataisa bareki likhethong tsa bona tsa mokoloto mme ba netefatsa hore ts'ebetso e tsamaellana le melao le melaoana.

8. Tlhahlobo

Audit e bolela tlhahlobo, tlhahlobo, tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo ea lichelete ho theha litlaleho tsa lichelete. Tsamaiso ena ea lichelete e thusa ho laola lichelete, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, ho eketsa chelete le ho etsa liqeto tsa khoebo.

E netefatsa hore batho le likhoebo li latela melao ea lekhetho le maano a lichelete.

Bahlahlobi ba ka sebetsa lekaleng la sechaba, mekhatlong ea lichelete le liunivesithing. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya bahlahlobi: mohlahlobi wa ka hare, mohlahlobi wa kantle, mohlahlobi wa ditjhelete wa mmuso le mohlahlobi wa ditjhelete.

9. Boikarabello

Accounting e kenyelletsa tekanyetso ea lichelete, tlaleho ea lichelete ea letsatsi le letsatsi, le tlhahlobo ea data bakeng sa kholo ea khoebo efe kapa efe. Litsebi tsa liak'haonte li ka sebetsa e le batsamaisi ba lichelete, bahlahlobi ba libuka, liak'haonte tsa lichelete le bo-ramatsete ba tsamaiso.

10. Letlotlo

Chelete e sebetsana le bokhoni ba lichelete ba khoebo efe kapa efe bakeng sa katleho le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea khoebo. E fana ka ponelopele e nepahetseng ea bokamoso mme e bolela esale pele lichelete tse hlokahalang bakeng sa khoebo.

Litsebi tsa Polokelo ea Lichelete li na le menyetla e fapaneng ea mesebetsi eo ba ka ithutang ho eona. Ba ka sebetsa mekhatlong e meholo kapa e menyenyane lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho sa tsotelehe indasteri, litsebi tsena li ka sebetsa kae kapa kae.

Joale, haeba u batla lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa lichelete ho laola le ho utloisisa lichelete tsa hau hantle, etela lebenkele la rona 'me u khoasolle lithuto tsa Premium tse u khahlang.

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