Amanyathelo ama-5 okulawula umngcipheko wemali yakho

Ukuhla kwamaxabiso otshintshiselwano into yemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kumntu okwiholide uceba uhambo oluya phesheya kwaye uyazibuza ukuba ungayifumana nini kwaye njani imali yasekhaya ukuya kumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe othenga nokuthengisa kumazwe amaninzi, impembelelo yempazamo inokubaluleka. Ukuba ucinga ukuba imali kunye namaxabiso otshintshiselwano yinkxalabo yoobhanki, lixesha lokucinga kwakhona. Imingcipheko yemali ichaphazela onke amashishini aphesheya.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba imali kunye namaxabiso otshintshiselwano yinto kuphela ababhanki kufuneka bakhathazeke ngayo, cinga kwakhona. Amashishini amaninzi asesichengeni somngcipheko wemali, nokuba ayayiqonda okanye hayi. Ngeenguqu zamva nje kwiimali zehlabathi, umngcipheko wemali ubuyile kwi-ajenda yamashishini anabathengi, ababoneleli okanye imveliso kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokusasazeka kwecoronavirus, ngoMatshi nango-Epreli bazise utshintsho olukhulu kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano. Imithetho engqongqo yokuqulatha ukuqhambuka iluthobile uqoqosho lwehlabathi, ibangela ukuhla okuhambelanayo kumaxabiso eoyile kunye neemarike zestock.

Imarike ijonge iindawo ezikhuselekileyo, ezijikayo i-yen yaseJapan, idola yaseMelika kunye nefranc yaseSwitzerland. Iimali ezincinci kunye neemali zentengiso zihlupheke, ngakumbi i-NOK, le SEK, AUD, NZD kunye neemali zeemarike ezikhulayo, nangona ezinye zokuhla kwexabiso zitshintshile ukususela ngo-Epreli.

Isifundo esingundoqo kukuba ukuba uqhuba ishishini elenza ingeniso kumazwe angaphandle okanye lineendleko kwamanye amazwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba usesichengeni somngcipheko wemali. Izehlo ezingaphaya kolawulo lwakho zinokutya kwingeniso yakho kwaye zonyuse iindleko zakho.

Ke ingakanani ingxaki yokulawula imingcipheko yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle?

Kuphando lwee-CFOs ezingama-200 kunye noonondyebo abaphantse babe ngama-300 olwenziwa yi-HSBC kunye ne-FT Remark, 70% yee-CFOs ithe inkampani yabo yehle kwingeniso kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo ngenxa yomngcipheko onokuthi uthintelwe, ongenakuthintelwa wemali.

58% Ii-CFO zeenkampani ezinkulu zathi ukulawula umngcipheko wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle yenye yeengozi ezimbini ezithatha uninzi lwexesha labo ngoku; Kwaye 51% uthe FX umngcipheko umbutho wabo ubuncinci ukuxhotyiswa ukujongana.

Ukuguquguquka kwemali kukwabeka isoyikiso kumashishini amancinci naphakathi, kodwa ngokophononongo lwaseNordea lwasekupheleni kuka-2020, ii-SME ezininzi kakhulu aziyijongeli phantsi imingcipheko yemali yazo.

Iinkampani ezinengeniso engaphezulu kwe-2 yezigidi zee-euro kunye nenqanaba elifanelekileyo lokungeniswa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle zibika ukuba zifumene ilahleko yemali engalindelekanga ebangelwe kukuguquguquka kwemali ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, phantse isiqingatha seeSME asizikhuselanga. Uphando lubonisa ukuba imiqobo ephambili yokulawula umngcipheko inxulumene nokungabikho kwexesha kunye nolwazi.

Kwelinye icala, ukulawula imingcipheko yakho yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle kunokuzisa izibonelelo kwishishini lakho:

• Khusela ukuhamba kwakho kwemali kunye nemida yengeniso
• Ukuphuculwa koqikelelo lwemali kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali
• Uqonde ngcono ukuba ukuguquguquka kwemali kukuchaphazela njani i-balance sheet yakho
• Ukonyuka kwamandla okuboleka

Xa amaxabiso otshintshiselwano eguquguquka, amashishini ayakhawuleza ukuphepha ilahleko enokwenzeka. Zeziphi iingozi zemali ekufuneka bazibiye kwaye njani?

Iintlobo zomngcipheko wemali

Ngokusisiseko, amashishini ajongana neendidi ezintathu zokuvezwa komngcipheko wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle: ukuvezwa kwentengiselwano, ukuvezwa kokuguqulwa, kunye nokuvezwa kwezoqoqosho (okanye ukusebenza). Siza kuzijonga ngakumbi ngezantsi.

Ukubonakaliswa koRhwebo

Olu lolona hlobo lulula lokuvezwa komngcipheko wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle kwaye, njengoko igama libonisa, iziphumo zentengiselwano yokwenyani yeshishini ngemali yangaphandle. Ukuvezwa kwenzeka, umzekelo, ngenxa yokumahluko wexesha phakathi kwelungelo lokufumana imali kumthengi kunye nokufunyanwa kwangempela kwemali okanye, kwimeko yomboleki, ixesha phakathi kokubeka umyalelo kunye nokuhlawula i-invoyisi.

Exemple: Inkampani yaseMelika inqwenela ukuthenga izixhobo kwaye, emva kokufumana iikowuti kubathengisi abaliqela (abasekhaya nabangaphandle), bakhethe ukuthenga ngee-euro kwinkampani yaseJamani. Iindleko zezixhobo 100 000 € kwaye ngexesha lomyalelo, izinga lotshintshiselwano €/$ ye 1,1, oku kuthetha ukuba iindleko kwinkampani kwi-USD yi $ 110.

Kwiinyanga ezintathu kamva, xa i-invoyisi ifanelekile, i-$ buthathaka kunye nezinga lotshintshiselwano €/$ ngoku 1,2. Iindleko kwinkampani yokuhlawula okufanayo 100 000 € ukuhlawula ngoku $ 120. Ukuvezwa kwintengiselwano kubangele iindleko ezongezelelweyo ebezingalindelekanga kwinkampani 10 000 $ kwaye kusenokuthetha ukuba inkampani ibinokuthenga izixhobo ngexabiso eliphantsi komnye wabanye ababoneleli.

Ukuvezwa kuguqulo

Oku kubandakanya ukuguqula okanye ukuguqulelwa kweengxelo zemali (ezifana nengxelo yengeniso okanye i-balance sheet) ye-subsidiary yangaphandle ukusuka kwimali yayo yasekhaya ukuya kwimali yengxelo yenkampani engumzali. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba inkampani engumzali inezibophelelo zokunika ingxelo kubaninizabelo kunye nabalawuli abafuna ukuba ibonelele ngeseti yee-akhawunti ezidityanisiweyo kwimali yayo yokunika ingxelo kuzo zonke ii-subsidiaries zayo.

Ekuqhubekekeni kwe lo mzekelo ungasentla, cinga ukuba inkampani yaseMelika ithatha isigqibo sokwenza i-subsidiary eJamani ukwenza izixhobo. I-subsidiary iya kunikezela ngeengxelo zayo zemali kwi kowethu kwaye inkampani yaseMelika yabazali iya kuguqulela ezi nkcazo zibe iUSD.

Umzekelo ongezantsi ibonisa ukusebenza kwemali yenkampani encedisayo kwimali yayo yasekhaya, iiyuro. Phakathi konyaka wokuqala nowesibini, wawandisa umvuzo wakhe nge 10% kunye nokuphumeza imveliso ethile ukunciphisa ukonyuka kweendleko ukuya kuphela 6%. Oku kubangela ukwanda okumangalisayo kwi 25% yengeniso eshiyekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yefuthe lokuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano, ukusebenza kwemali kwahluke kakhulu kwimali yengxelo yenkampani engumzali, i-USD.

Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini kulo mzekelo, idola yomelekile kunye nezinga lokutshintshiselwa €/$ uhambe kumndilili we 1,2 unyaka 1 ukuya ku-1,05 unyaka 2. Ukusebenza kwemali kwi iUSD ibonakala imbi kakhulu. Utshintsho luza kuhla 4% kwaye isiphumo esishiyekileyo, ngelixa siqhubela phambili, sinyuka kuphela 9% ngaphandle kwe 25%.

Ukubonakaliswa kwezoqoqosho (okanye ukusebenza).

Olu hlobo lokugqibela lwe umngcipheko wotshintsho Ibangelwa yimpembelelo yokuguquguquka okungalindelekanga nokungathintelekiyo kwimali ekhoyo kwixesha elizayo kunye nexabiso lemarike yenkampani, kwaye lihlala ixesha elide ngokwendalo. Olu hlobo lokuvezwa lunokuchaphazela izigqibo zobuchule zexesha elide, njengendawo yotyalo-mali kumthamo wokuvelisa.

Kumava am aseHungary akhankanywe ekuqaleni, inkampani endandiyisebenzele yahambisa umthamo omkhulu ukusuka eUnited States ukuya eHungary ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000 ukuze ithathe inzuzo yeendleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa. Kwakuyonga kakhulu ukuvelisa eHungary kwaye emva koko kuthunyelwe imveliso eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, i-Hungarian forint ngoko yomelela kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi ilandelayo kwaye yacima uninzi lweenzuzo zeendleko ebezilindelwe.

Utshintsho kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano lunokuchaphazela kakhulu imeko yokhuphiswano lwenkampani, nokuba ayisebenzi okanye ithengise phesheya. Ngokomzekelo, umenzi wefenitshala waseMelika othengisa ekuhlaleni kuphela kusafuneka alwe nezinto ezithengwayo ezivela e-Asiya naseYurophu, ezinokuthi zingabizi mali ininzi kwaye zikhuphisane ngakumbi ukuba idola ixabisa kakhulu.

Amanyathelo ama-5 oLawulo lweShishini Lakho' uMngcipheko woTshintsho lwaNgaphandle

Ukuqonda apho kwaye njani ukuguquguquka kwemali kuchaphazela ukuhamba kwemali yenkampani akukho lula. Izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiindlela zoqoqosho olukhulu ukuya kwindlela yokuziphatha ekhuphisanayo ngaphakathi kwamacandelo emarike, zimisela ukuba iireyithi zotshintshiselwano zikuchaphazela njani ukuhamba kwemali kwinkampani ethile.

1. Hlaziya umjikelo wakho wokusebenza

Hlaziya umjikelo wokusebenza kwenkampani yakho ukuze ufumane apho umngcipheko wemali ukhona. Oku kuya kukunceda ubone ukuba ubuthathaka kangakanani na umda wengeniso yakho ekuguquguqukeni kwemali.

2. Yamkele into yokuba unemali eyohlukileyo

Ishishini ngalinye lahlukile kwaye oku kubonakala kwindlela ohamba ngayo, kodwa nakwisakhiwo sempahla yakho kunye namatyala. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuguquguquka kwemali kunokuba neempembelelo kwaye isigqibo sokubiyela okanye hayi akulula njengokuqengqeleka kwedayisi.

3. Gqiba ukuba yeyiphi imigaqo ofuna ukuyisebenzisa kulawulo lwakho lomngcipheko wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle - kwaye unamathele kuyo

Umgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle uqala ngokuqonda ngokucacileyo iinjongo zemali zenkampani kunye nefuthe elinokuthi utshintsho kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano lunokuba nalo kubo: ukuba ukungena kwemali yokusebenza kunye nokuphuma kwiimali ezahlukeneyo, Utshintsho kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano lunokuphazamisa i-EBITDA ye. inkampani ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ukuba ii-asethi kunye namatyala akwiimali ezahlukeneyo, ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwezi asethi kunye namazinga otshintshiselwano amatsha anokuthi abeke esichengeni. Isiphumo esishiyekileyo seP&L okanye iithagethi zomlinganiselo wenkunzi. Umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lwengozi kutshintshiselwano lwangaphandle uqinisekisa ukuba, nokuba zithini na iinjongo zemali, imingcipheko yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle enokuthi ibeke esichengeni ezi njongo ibekwe esweni kwaye incitshiswe.

4. Lawula ukuba sesichengeni sakho kumngcipheko wemali

Ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwimveliso yenyama, kukho uqhawulo phakathi kokwenza izigqibo zoshishino kunye nokubona iziphumo zezo zigqibo kwiakhawunti yebhanki yenkampani. Ngeli xesha, ii-odolo zokuthenga kunye neentengiso ziyaxoxisana, izixhobo zithunyelwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye iimpahla zenziwe, zigcinwe kwaye zihanjiswe. 

funda inqaku: Yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nokuguquguquka kwexabiso lemarike yemasheya 

Ecaleni kwale nkqubo ebonakalayo, ii-invoyisi zithunyelwa, zijongwe, zivunywe kwaye ekugqibeleni zihlawulwe. Ngeli xesha, iimali zelizwe zixabisa kwaye ziyancipha. Ukuba iindleko zemathiriyeli kunye nemveliso zikwimali eyahlukileyo kunengeniso yentengiso, oku kuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano kunokucima ngokulula imida yokuthengisa esetyenziswe yinkampani njengesiseko sokwenza izigqibo zayo zokuqala. 

Izixhobo zemali zinokunceda ukunciphisa oku kungaqiniseki okubeka esichengeni iinjongo zemali zenkampani. Yile nto thina biza isiciko, kwaye oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iireyithi zokutshintshiselana ezichaphazela ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yebhanki yenkampani ayifani kakhulu naleyo isetyenziswe ekwenzeni izigqibo zayo.