Ulwahlula njani utyalo-mali lwakho

Kutheni kwaye ungaluguqula njani utyalo-mali lwakho? Utyalo-mali kokona kukuqinisekisa ngezimali ezingcono ngomso. Kule nto, ukwahlukana kuhlala kungundoqo kwimpumelelo yotyalo-mali. Ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali eyahluka-hlukeneyo inciphisa umngcipheko ngelixa utyala imali ixesha elide. Ivumela inani lotyalo-mali olunembuyekezo ephezulu ngokunciphisa imingcipheko enokwenzeka ngeendlela ezizinzileyo.

Xa uqala kwangethuba, ungafumanisa nexabiso lokonga okuqeqeshekileyo kunye nokucwangcisa iinjongo zobomi bakho. Ungaqala ngomxube wemali, izitokhwe, iibhondi okanye izibambiso zikarhulumente. Kodwa kuthetha ukuthini ukwahlukanisa utyalo-mali lwakho? Kodwa okokuqala, nantsi ikhosi yoqeqesho eya kuthi yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuphumelela kushishino.

Yintoni isicwangciso-qhinga?

Ukususela kwinqanaba Imodeli yeshishini okanye kamva, ngexesha lokuzivelela kwayo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo ziyafumaneka kwinkampani. Ukwahluka yenye yazo. Njengoko igama laso libonisa, esi sicwangciso siqulathe ukwahluka kwemimandla yokusebenza yenkampani, ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nemveliso. Oku kunokubangela ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso ezintsha okanye ukufika kwimarike entsha.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokwahlukana. Isenokuba ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle. Kwimeko yokuqala, inkampani yenza utshintsho lwesakhiwo ukuze ivelise izinto ezintsha kwizibonelelo zayo ezikhoyo. Okwesibini, inkampani ithatha enye eya kuthi iququzelele ukufikelela kwayo kwicandelo elitsha ekujoliswe kulo. Nje ukuba uzuze ukuzithemba kwizigqibo zakho kwaye unemali eyaneleyo, unokwahluka ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana neemarike zehlabathi kunye ne-real estate. Nazi iindlela onokwahlula ngazo utyalo-mali lwakho.

Fumanisa ukuba kutheni ukwahlukana kubalulekile

Ipotfoliyo eyohlukeneyo inceda utyalo-mali lwakho lulonke lufunxe ukothuka kwalo naluphi na ukuphazamiseka kwezemali, lubonelele ngeyona bhalansi ilungileyo kwisicwangciso sakho sogcino. Kodwa ulwahlulo alukhawulelwanga kuhlobo lotyalo-mali okanye iindidi zokhuseleko. Ikwanwenwela ngaphakathi kwiklasi nganye yokhuseleko.

Tyala imali kumashishini ahlukeneyo, izicwangciso zenzala kunye ne-tenure. Ngokomzekelo, musa ukubeka lonke utyalo-mali lwakho kwicandelo loxubo-mayeza, nokuba lelinye lawona macandelo aqhuba kakuhle. Yahlula-hlula utyalo-mali lwakho kwamanye amacandelo akhulayo, afana neteknoloji yezemfundo okanye iteknoloji yolwazi.

Ukwabiwa kweAsethi

Ngokubanzi, kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko zotyalo-mali: izitokhwe kunye neebhondi. Nangona izitokhwe zibhekwa njengomngcipheko ophezulu kunye nezivuno eziphezulu, iibhondi zihlala zizinzile kunye nezivuno eziphantsi.

Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa komngcipheko wakho, kufuneka ukwahlule imali yakho phakathi kwezi zimbini zikhetho. Ubuqhetseba kukudibanisa bobabini, ukufumana ibhalansi phakathi umngcipheko kunye nokhuseleko. Ukwabiwa kwe-asethi ngokuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kwiminyaka kunye nendlela yokuphila. Kwiminyaka emncinci, unokuthatha umngcipheko kwiphothifoliyo yakho ngokukhetha izitokhwe ezinikezela ngembuyekezo ephezulu.

Indlela elungileyo yokusasaza kuku thabatha iminyaka yakho kwi-100 - oku kufuneka kube yipesenti yesitokhwe kwipotfoliyo yakho. Ngokomzekelo, umntu oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala unokugcina i-70% yesitokhwe kunye ne-30% yeebhondi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umntu oneminyaka engama-60 ubudala kufuneka anciphise ukuvezwa komngcipheko, ngoko ke, ulwabiwo lwe-stock-bond kufuneka lube. 40:60. Noko ke, kusenokufuneka ucinge ngemali yentsapho yakho xa usenza ezi zigqibo.

Ukuba wabelana ngeendleko ezininzi zosapho, kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi malunga notyalo-mali lwakho. Oku kunganciphisa ubungakanani bemali onayo kwaye ke ngoko unokufuna ukuyidlala ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuthambeka okuphezulu ukuya kwiibhondi.

Vavanya imingcipheko esemgangathweni yokhuseleko phambi kotyalo-mali

Unokunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kokurhweba ngesitokhwe ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwengozi esemgangathweni ngaphambi kokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa isitokhwe. Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko olusemgangathweni lunika amanqaku achazwe kwangaphambili ukuvavanya impumelelo yeprojekthi. Ukusebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo, umntu kufuneka avavanye isitokhwe ngeeparamitha ezithile ezibonisa ukuzinza okanye amandla okwenza kakuhle.

Ezi parameters ziya kubandakanya imodeli yoshishino eyomeleleyo, imfezeko yabaphathi abaphezulu, ulawulo lweshishini, ixabiso lophawu, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, izenzo ezisebenzayo zokulawula umngcipheko kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso okanye iinkonzo zayo, ezinxulumene nenzuzo yayo yokhuphiswano.

Utyalo-mali kukhuseleko lwemalike yemali ezinkozo

Izixhobo zemarike yemali ziquka iziqinisekiso zediphozithi (CD), iphepha lokuthengisa (CP) kunye neebhili ze-treasury (T-bills). Olona ncedo lukhulu kwezi ziqinisekiso kukukhululeka kokupheliswa. Umngcipheko ophantsi uwenza ube lutyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo.

Kuzo zonke izibambiso kwimarike, iibhondi ze-Treasury zezona zikufutshane kwizibambiso ezingenamngcipheko ezinokuthengwa ngabanye. Ngelixa ama-g-secs aziwa ngokhuseleko lwawo, awaziwa ngezivuno zawo eziphezulu. Yintoni eyenza i-g-sec ikhuseleke kukugquma kwayo ekuguquguqukeni kweemarike, kodwa oku kukwasusa ukuba nokwenzeka kokwenza inzuzo enkulu njengakwimeko yesitokhwe.

Tyala kwiibhondi ngokuqukuqela kwemali ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo

Iimali ezihlangeneyo zithathwa njengokhetho lotyalo-mali oluthembekileyo noluzinzileyo. Kodwa ngaphakathi kweemali ezihlangeneyo kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutshala imali, ukuqokelela inzala nentlawulelo. Ukuba ufuna ukufikelela kwimali yakho nokuba itshixiwe kwisicwangciso sokugcina imali, cinga ngokwenza utyalo-mali kwiingxowa-mali ezihambelanayo. Ngaphantsi kwezi ntlobo zotyalo-mali, unokurhoxisa isixa esimiselweyo ngenyanga okanye ngekota. Unokwenza ukurhoxiswa kwakho, ukhethe isixa esimiselweyo okanye ngokuchasene nenzuzo.

Landela isicwangciso sokuthenga

Isicwangciso sotyalo-mali sisicwangciso sakho sexesha elide lokonga. Ngoko ke kufuneka siqale ukucinga kwixesha elide kwaye sikuphephe ukusabela okwethuku. Cinga thenga ukubamba endaweni yeqhinga lokurhweba rhoqo. Oku kubandakanya ukugcina ipotfoliyo ezinzileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kungakhathaliseki ukuguquguquka kwemarike.

Ngokungafaniyo norhwebo olungagungqiyo, le yindlela yokungenzi nto apho uvumela utyalo-mali lwakho ukuba lukhule. Oko kwathiwa, ungoyiki ukunciphisa ukubamba okuye kwaxabisa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuthatha ngaphezulu kwipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali kunokuba kuyimfuneko okanye ngobulumko.

Qonda izinto ezichaphazela iimarike zemali

Ngaphambi kokuba utyale imali kwiimarike zemali, kufuneka uqale uqonde izinto ezichaphazela ukuhamba kwayo. Iimalike zezemali ziquka utshintshiselwano ngestokhwe, utshintshiselwano lwamazwe angaphandle, iimarike zebhondi, iimarike zemali kunye neemarike zangaphakathi. Ngokwesiseko yimarike yezixhobo zemali kwaye njengayo nayiphi na enye imarike, zisebenza ngokubonelelwa nangemfuno. Njengayo nayiphi na enye imarike, kukwakho nezinto zangaphandle ezifana nenzala kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphembelela amandla ayo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neemarike zehlabathi

Iimarike zehlabathi zinamandla okwenza imbuyekezo ephezulu ngexesha elifutshane. Ezi marike zidla ngokuphawulwa ziinguqu ezikhawuleza kakhulu apho umtyali-mali kufuneka ajongane nemigaqo yezemali emininzi. Njengomtyali-mali omncinci, kunokuthatha ixesha ukufunda indlela esebenza ngayo, ukuqonda iintsingiselo kunye nokuguquguquka, kwaye yintoni eqhuba olu tshintsho. Kodwa kunokuba luncedo kakhulu, ngakumbi xa imarike ikwimeko yokuhla okuzinzileyo.

Ungaqala nge ingxowa mali yotshintshiselwano (ETF) okanye ingxowa-mali ehlangeneyo enexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobutyebi obuninzi. Iya kukuvumela ukuba utyale imali ngokukhuselekileyo ngenkunzi encinci, ikunika ithuba elifanelekileyo lokujonga kwaye uqonde ukuba isebenza njani imakethi yehlabathi.

Lungisa ipotifoliyo yakho ngamaxesha athile.

Ibhalansi ibalulekile ebomini xa wena yahlula utyalo-mali lwakho. Kubalulekile ukujonga ipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali ngamaxesha athile ukujonga ibhalansi yezinto ezahlukeneyo. Olu phononongo kufuneka lusekelwe kwiinjongo zakho kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini bakho, kunye nokuvavanya apho uqale khona kunye nokuba ude kangakanani.

Umcebisi wezezimali unokukunceda ujonge ngokutsha utyalo-mali lwakho ngokusekelwe kwindlela ophila ngayo. Lo msebenzi ukwakwenza ube nembeko malunga notyalo-mali lwakho, ngelixa ukwazisa ngokukhula kwalo ngonyaka. Ezi zinto zimbini ziya kukunceda ekugqibeleni wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi, ngelixa uphuhlisa umbono ophucukileyo wotyalo-mali lwexesha elizayo.

Zama i-Disciplined Investment Plan

Ukuba unemali encinci ofuna ukuyityala kwithuba lexesha kunokuba utyale imali eninzi ngexesha elinye, i-SIP lukhetho oluhle. Ngaphantsi kwale ndlela, unokutyala imali emiselweyo kwiimali ezihlangeneyo ngamaxesha amiselweyo. Ilungele abo bangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwisixa esikhulu, kodwa banokukwazi ukutyala imali encinci kuphela ngenyanga nganye.

Tyala kwi-inshurensi yobomi

Bambalwa abantu abadala abaseIndiya abacinga ngokutyala imali kwiinshurensi yobomi. Kunokuba nzima ukucinga ukufa njengomntu oselula, ngakumbi ukuba awutshatanga okanye unabanye abantu abaxhomekeke kuwe. Kodwa ingcebiso yakudala yokuthathela ingqalelo i-inshurensi yobomi njengendlela yotyalo-mali ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi xa usemncinane ngenxa yamaxabiso aphantsi e-inshorensi enokuthi ikubonelele usemncinci.

Iinkampani ze-inshorensi zobomi zithatha isigqibo malunga neeprimiyamu ezisekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala, kwaye ukuba umncinci, uya kuthoba iintlawulo zakho zanyanga le. I-inshurensi yobomi ayinakukunceda ngoku, kodwa iya kukhusela abo ubathandayo xa ungekho.

Kulumkele ukuthambekela kwakho kwezemali

Xa ucwangcisa utyalo-mali lwakho, kufuneka ulumkele umkhethe kunye nezimvo ezinokuphembelela izigqibo zakho. Sihlala siphenjelelwa zizinto zangaphandle, ngakumbi umngcipheko, isimo sengqondo sosapho, ithamsanqa kunye neenkolelo zenkcubeko. Ukuba sengozini kubhekiselele kwinqanaba lomngcipheko oya kuvuma ukuwuthatha, odla ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yentsapho kunye nesimo sengqondo senkcubeko. Abantu abadala abasebatsha abavela kwiintsapho ezityebileyo badla ngokukhetha utyalo-mali olunomngcipheko omkhulu, olunomvuzo omkhulu.

Kwelinye icala, abo basuka kwimvelaphi ethobekileyo banokuthi batyale imali kwiipotifoliyo ezikhuselekileyo. Izimo zengqondo zosapho zikwaphembelela ukukulungela kwethu ukuyithemba into " ithuba ". Olunye uphawu olulodwa yimpembelelo yenkcubeko ethatha isigqibo malunga notyalo-mali lwethu. Umzekelo, abanye abantu bakhetha ukutyala imali kwigolide, ngelixa abanye bekhetha ukutyala imali kumhlaba.

Shwa nkathelo: Yahlula utyalo-mali lwakho

Injongo yotyalo-mali kukunika imali yakho ithuba lokukhula kwaye ikuncede ufezekise ezinye iinjongo zakho zobomi. Okukhona uqala kwangethuba, kokukhona unokunikela ixesha elininzi utyalo-mali lwakho ukufikelela kwisakhono salo.

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kukunceda ukuba uqhelane nokuziphatha kakuhle kwezemali, umkhwa wokulondoloza nokuqonda izixhobo zotyalo-mali. Ukuqala kwangethuba kukunika inkululeko yezemali kunye nokuzinza ukuze ulandele ezinye izinto ozithandayo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ngokwenza njalo kufuneka ulwahlule utyalo-mali lwakho. Nangona kunjalo, andinakukushiya ngaphandle kokukunika uqeqesho lwam kuqeqesho lomntu siqu. 

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