Konke malunga neShadow Banking

Emva kwezemali zemveli kukho inkqubo yezemali engacacanga ebizwa ngokuba “ibhanki yethunzi”. ⚫ Olu thungelwano lwamaziko kunye nemisebenzi ngokuyinxenye ibaleka imimiselo yemveli. Impembelelo yakhe ekhulayo ixhalabisa abalawuli, ngakumbi kuba wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintlekele ka-2008. 🔻

Ibhanki yesithunzi, okanye "imali yesithunzi", idibanisa iimali zehedge eziqikelelwayo, iinkampani ezirhweba ngamaxesha amaninzi kunye nezithuthi zotyalo-mali ezintsonkothileyo. Ukusebenza kwawo aziwa kangako luluntu ngokubanzi. 🔍 Nangona kunjalo, ijikeleza ukuhamba kwemali okukhulu kwiplanethi yonke.

Kule nqaku, Fumana ukuba yintoni i-shadow banking ngokwenene, isikali sayo, abadlali bayo abaphambili kunye nemingcipheko enokuthi ibeke uzinzo lwezimali zehlabathi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siqale, nantsi Ungawuxhasa njani ngcono umhlala-phantsi wakho kwixesha elizayo?

Yiba nokuntywila kakuhle kwiimfihlakalo zesithunzi sezemali!

📍 Yintoni i-shadow banking?

Shadow banking ichaza bonke abadlali kunye nemisebenzi yezemali ukuba zenzeke ngaphandle kwenkqubo yebhanki zilawulwa ngokwemveli. 🏦

Oku kubandakanya amaziko afana neengxowa-mali ze-hedge, iimali zemarike yemali, iinkampani ezirhweba rhoqo. I-Shadow banking ikwabandakanya izixhobo zemali ezifana izinto ze-OTC ezingalawulwayo. 📉

Ngokungafaniyo neebhanki zorhwebo, amaqumrhu kwi ibhanki ye-shadow ngokubanzi ayiqokeleli iidiphozithi kwaye abanakho ukufikelela kwi-central bank refinancing. 💵

Imisebenzi yabo ayijongwa kangako ngabasemagunyeni kwaye inolawulo oluguquguqukayo olukhulu. Le meko ibhentsisa inkqubo yezemali kumngcipheko owandisiweyo wokungazinzi.

📍 Ingakanani i-shadow banking?

I-Shadow banking imele inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ezemali zehlabathi. Ngokwe-FSB, ngo-2020 yafikelela kuma-50 eebhiliyoni zeedola kwii-asethi, okanye phantse isiqingatha senkqubo yebhanki eqhelekileyo.

E-USA, ubunzima bayo bukhulu ngakumbi. I-Shadow banking ibamba ngaphezulu kwe-15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwii-asethi apho. Ilawula kakhulu iibhanki zemveli.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Ukuthenga umhlaba omtsha okanye omdala ❓

EYurophu, i-UK likhaya lelona ziko lezemali likhulu, elinee-asethi ezingaphezulu kwe-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Okulandelayo kuza iSwitzerland, iLuxembourg kunye neIreland.

Nangona kunzima ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo, impembelelo ekhulayo yebhanki yesithunzi ayifuni akukho mathandabuzo. Imingcipheko enokubakho iyabakhathaza abalawuli, ngakumbi njengoko intsebenziswano yayo nenkqubo yebhanki yesiqhelo isanda.

📍 Ngoobani abadlali abaphambili kugcino lwebhanki?

I-Shadow banking idibanisa amaziko amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo:

• Iimali zeheji eziqikelelwayo 📉, isebenza kakhulu kwiimarike zexesha elizayo kunye nezinto eziphuma emngciphekweni.
• Iimali zentengiso yemali 💵, ebonelela ngeenkonzo ezikufutshane neebhanki kodwa ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso soluntu.
• Iinkampani zokuthengisa kunye nokurhweba okuhamba rhoqo 💻, umsebenzi wawo awubonakali kakhulu.
• Les enye imali yotyalo-mali ⚖️, kunye nezicwangciso ezinzima ezibaleka kwimimiselo eqhelekileyo.
• Les izigqeba ezicwangcisiweyo 🏢, njengezithuthi ze-ad hoc ezisetyenziswa ziibhanki ukususa izinto ezinobungozi kumaphepha azo.

Abatyali-zimali bamaziko abanamandla njengengxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi 👴👵 nabo bakwindawo ebalulekileyo.

📍 Yintoni imingcipheko yebhanki yethunzi?

Nangona yenza ukuba kwenzeke ukwahluka kwemithombo yenkxaso-mali, ibhanki yesithunzi ayikho ngaphandle kwengozi. Iingozi zayo eziphambili zezi:

• Un amandla agqithisileyo 📈📉, amaziko angamathunzi angaxhomekekanga kwiimfuno zenkunzi njengeebhanki.
• Un ukungabikho elubala 🔍, imisebenzi emininzi ebaleka uxanduva lopapasho.
• Ukunqunyanyiswa kwentlawulo ikhonkco xa kukho ingxaki ⛓, akukho mboleki-mali wokugqibela unikezelwayo ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo yebhanki yesiqhelo.
• Une ukusasazeka komngciphekos 💥 kwicandelo lebhanki elilawulwayo, ngenxa yokukhula kwamakhonkco phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini.
• des ukwanda kwamathuba lokurhwaphilizwa kwemali emdaka 💰, ngenxa yokungabikho kokubekwa kweliso kwiisekethe ezithile zezemali ezingacacanga.
• des imingcipheko enkulu yenkqubo 💥💥 kwimeko yokuwa ngokukhawuleza kwale nkqubo ye-opaque, njengoko kuboniswe yintlekele ka-2008.

📍 Luluphi uphuhliso lwamva nje lolawulo?

Ukulandela ingxaki yezemali, abalawuli bafuna ukulawula ngcono i-shadow banking, kunye neziphumo ezincinci.

I-FSB iphuhlise izindululo ngo-2011 zokubeka iliso kwisixokelelwano sogcino-mali esisithunzi kunye nokunciphisa ukugqithisa kwayo. Ezinye ziye zaphunyezwa, ezifana nesibophelelo sokunika ingxelo ngentengiselwano.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Neobanks kunye nokucuthwa kwemirhumo yebhanki

Kodwa iindawo ezininzi ezingaboniyo ezilawulayo zihlala. Ulungelelwaniso oluyimfuneko lwamazwe ngamazwe luza ngokuchasene ne umdla wamazwe ahlukeneyo. Isekho indlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe kulawulo olusebenzayo lwebhanki yethunzi!

📍 Yayiyintoni indima ye-shadow banking kwintlekele ka-2008?

Inkqubo yebhanki yesithunzi idlale indima ephambili ekuqaliseni nasekusasazeni ingxaki yezemali ye-2007-2008.

Uninzi lwamaqumrhu omthunzi njengezithuthi ezikhethekileyo (ii-SIV, ii-conduits, njl.njl.) zadityaniswa ne-subprime ye-mortgage market yase-US eyabangela ingxaki. Babethenga i amatyala amabi ngeebhanki.

Xa ifayile ye- kwimarike subprime zawa, ezi zithuthi azizange zikwazi ukuhlawulela izikhundla zazo zaza zatshona. Usulelo emva koko lwanwenwela kwicandelo leebhanki eziqhelekileyo. 💥💥

Iingxowa-mali zeHedge nazo Yandisa ingxaki ngentelekelelo yeCDS. Iingxowa-mali zemarike yezemali ziye zanqunyanyiswa kakhulu ukukhululwa, kufuna ungenelelo loluntu.

La mava abonisa indlela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-shadow banking phazamisa yonke inkqubo ezemali kunye noqoqosho lokwenyani.

📍 Lithini ikamva lebhanki yethunzi?

Nangona imingcipheko, ibhanki yomthunzi kufuneka iqhubeke ikhula kwiminyaka ezayo.

Inzala ephantsi kunye nokukhangela kwabatyali-mali kwisivuno kufuneka vuselela le nkqubo ingalawulwayo, inenzuzo ngakumbi kodwa engazinzanga ngakumbi.

Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji efana ne-blockchain inokukhuthaza ukuvela kwemisebenzi emitsha yemali ebaleka abalawuli bemveli.

Umngeni uya kuba ngcono ukudibanisa i-shadow banking kulawulo lwezemali zehlabathi, ngaphandle kokuthintela ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Umsebenzi onzima oya kufuna intsebenziswano engakumbi yamazwe ngamazwe!

🏁 Ukuvala

Ubungakanani banking isithunzi ibonisa imfuneko yolawulo olungcono imisebenzi yemali enobungozi yamazwe ngamazwe. Iziphene kwinkqubo kufuneka zilungiswe ukunqanda iintlekele ezintsha ezitshabalalisayo njengaleyo yango-2008.

Umthunzi wemali ayilungele ukunyamalala, kodwa kufuneka idityaniswe ngcono kuthungelwano lolawulo jikelele. Kufuneka kuqiniswe ukwenziwa kwezinto elubala nokubekwa esweni kwayo. Abalawuli basenomsebenzi wabo omiselwe bona!

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Vula i-akhawunti yebhanki ye-intanethi ye-100%.

Ihlabathi lezemali ihlala iguquka. Umdlalo wekati kunye nempuku phakathi kwabadlali abasethunzini kunye nabasemagunyeni bamiselwe ukuqhubeka, phakathi kweendawo ezingwevu kunye neenzame zokulawula. Inye into eqinisekileyo: i-shadow banking inekamva eliqaqambileyo phambi kwayo kwiminyaka ezayo!

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, nantsi Ulenza njani iSibonelelo soShishino esingenakuthintelwa