Yintoni i-Islamic crowdfunding?

Le iislamic crowdfunding inika ithuba elikhulu kubabolekisi, abatyali-mali kodwa noosomashishini abanegalelo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho lwecandelo lamashishini amancinci naphakathi kumazwe amaSilamsi. I-Crowdfunding ngokuthe ngqo ithetha " i-crowdfunding ". Eli ligama elisetyenziswa kakhulu ukubhekisa kolu qheliselo lwezemali, kodwa ikwabizwa ngokuba " ukubuyiselwa kwemali okanye "isihlwele sabantu" eCanada.

Iinkokeli zeprojekthi zibiza abaninzi izixhobo zemali kuquka ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu ukuxhasa ngezimali izimvo zabo, iinkqubo okanye iimveliso. Namhlanje, ezi fundraiser okanye ingqokelela zenziwa ngamaqonga ewebhu. Ezi zamva ziyinkxaso yokudibanisa kwicala elinye umtyali-mali kwaye kwelinye iprojekthi ekufezekiswa kwayo kuhlangabezana nemiqobo yokulingana. Iintengiselwano ke ngoko zenziwa zingabikho mzimba ngokupheleleyo kwaye zingabi phakathi.

I-Crowdfunding ngokuqinisekileyo ayithathi indawo yomrhumo okanye izisombululo zotyalo-mali, kodwa inegalelo kuhlobo olutsha lweyantlukwano ngokwemigaqo yokonga kunye notyalo-mali olunenzuzo. Kweli nqaku sithetha nge-Islamic crowdfunding. Makhe siye !

Yintoni i-Islamic Crowdfunding?

Ukuxhaswa ngemali ngabantu abaninzi UbuSilamsi ngokwenkcazo lukhetho oluthobelayo lweShariah lwenkxaso-mali olubandakanya ukuxhasa ngezimali iprojekthi ngemali evela kwiqela labatyali-mali ngokuthanda umboleki ongumSilamsi nalapho unyuso lwengxowa-mali kunye notshintshiselwano olunxulumeneyo lwenziwa ngendawo yokuxhasa ngemali yamaSilamsi elandela imigaqo yamaSilamsi.

Umahluko phakathi kwe iislamic crowdfunding kunye nokuxhotyiswa kwabantu okuqhelekileyo njengoko kusenziwa kwilizwe laseNtshona akusebenzi ngokusisiseko xa sijonga iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukunyusa imali: abatyali-zimali (isihlwele) igalelo kwinkxaso-mali yeprojekthi ngokwabelana ngeenzuzo kunye nelahleko kunye nomboleki okanye umququzeleli weprojekthi.

Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini ze-crowdfunding ulele kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukungabikho komdla (riba) nge-Islamic crowdfunding ngelixa i-crowdfunding eqhelekileyo isebenza kunye namazinga enzala.
• Ngelixa i-crowdfunding eqhelekileyo ijolise ikakhulu kwinzuzo. Ilandela ikakhulu iinjongo ezithobela iShariah ezikhuphela ngaphandle nayiphi na iprojekthi engekho mthethweni ebandakanya izinto eziqikelelwayo (iGharar) okanye ungcakazo.

I-Islamic crowdfunding is a isixhobo sokuxhasa ngemali ezinkulu ngaphakathi kwezemali Islamic. Le ndlela ibalulekileyo yokubolekisa lutshintsho lokuqala ukususela ekuveleni kwezemali ezithobela iSharia. I-Sharia-ithobela i-crowdfunding indlela yenkxaso-mali apho imali iqokelelwa kwinani labantu abasebenzisa iqonga elihambelana nemithetho yeSharia yamaSilamsi. Idibanisa abatyali-mali koosomashishini.

I-Islamic crowdfunding ilandela imigaqo yezemali yamaSilamsi. Ikhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwenani elikhulu labantu ukuba batyale imali kwiprojekthi okanye kwishishini. Oku kuhambelana nomgaqo weSharia wokuba izibonelelo ezingaphezulu zikhutshelwa kumacandelo angenabutyebi. I-Halal crowdfunding isandula ukufumana ukwamkelwa okukhulayo kwaye iya isanda isixhobo esibalulekileyo senkxaso-mali kwihlabathi lezemali lamaSilamsi. Kuba i-crowdfunding ibonelela ngenkxaso-mali esekwe ematyaleni, ityala libuyiswa ngenzuzo hayi inzala, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iShariah neHalal zihambelane.

Iintlobo zesithsaba se-Islamic

I-Crowdfunding Waqf (Philanthropic Crowdfunding)

I-Waqf crowdfunding yinxalenye yengqikelelo yesiseko sobuthixo (Waqf) semali yamaSilamsi. Iimali eziqokelelweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi ezinomdla ngokubanzi, ezifana nesisa, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo okanye imfundo. Le modeli yobubele yenza kube lula ukudibanisa inkxaso-mali evela kubaxhasi abanomdla wokufaka isandla kumalinge anempembelelo entle kwezentlalo, ngokuhambelana neenqobo zeSharia.

Iiprojekthi ezixhaswa ngemali yi-Waqf crowdfunding azijongi ekufuneni ngeniso, kodwa kukudala ixabiso loluntu. Olu hlobo lwe-crowdfunding lufaneleka ngokukodwa kwimibutho engenzi nzuzo kunye namanyathelo okunceda, nangona kunokuba nzima ukugcina imodeli ye-Sharia eyenza ingeniso ibandakanya ababolekisi abanikezela ngemboleko kwaye balindele ukuhlawulwa kwinqununu kunye nenzuzo.

Ukulingana kweCrowdfunding

I-Islamic participatory crowdfunding yinxalenye yomgaqo kaMusharaka, ikhontrakthi yentsebenziswano apho ababoneleli bemali kunye nenkampani exhaswa ngemali babelana ngeenzuzo kunye nelahleko. Abatyali-zimali ke ngoko baba ngabanini-zabelo kwinkampani njengembuyekezo yenkxaso-mali yabo.

Le modeli yenza kube lula ukuqokelela imali ngelixa unika abaxhasi inzala kwiziphumo zenkampani, ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yenzuzo kunye nokwabelana ngomngcipheko kwimali yamaSilamsi. Nangona kunjalo, kukwabandakanya ukwabelana ngelahleko enokwenzeka, enokuthi ibonwe njengengozi ngabatyali-mali. Ukhetho olungqongqo lweprojekthi kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko luyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yolu hlobo lwe-Islamic participatory crowdfunding.

Umvuzo osekelwe kwiCrowdfunding

Kwimbuyekezo esekwe kwimbuyekezo, abaxhasi bafumana okulungileyo okanye inkonzo ebonelelwa yinkampani njengembuyekezo yenkxaso-mali yabo. Lo mzekelo ufana nekhontrakthi yokuthengisa (i-Bay') ehambelana ne-Sharia, apho utshintshiselwano lwentlawulo yemveliso okanye inkonzo lusemthethweni. Inzuzo yolu hlobo lwe-crowdfunding kukuba ivumela iinkampani ukuba zenze imali ngelixa zibonelela ngembuyekezo ebonakalayo kubatyalo-mali, ngaphandle kokubanika inxalenye yenkunzi.

Nangona kunjalo, imivuzo kufuneka ichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ingadibanisi nenzala, ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yezemali yamaSilamsi. Le modeli ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiinkampani ezinikezela ngeemveliso okanye iinkonzo zekhonkrithi, kuneeprojekthi ezingaphaya kwengqondo.

Umnikelo osekelwe kwiCrowdfunding

Ukuxhaswa ngabantu abaninzi ngeminikelo yinxalenye yombono wesisa (Sadaqah) kwimali yamaSilamsi. Abaxhasi benza umnikelo ngaphandle kokulindela imbuyekezo ngokuthe ngqo, ngenjongo yokuxhasa iprojekthi. Le modeli yenza kube lula ukuqokelela imali evela kubaxhasi abanomdla wokufaka isandla kumanyathelo anempembelelo entle kwezentlalo okanye kokusingqongileyo, ngokuhambelana nexabiso lemali yamaSilamsi.

Ukungabikho kwembuyekezo yezinto eziphathekayo kuyenza imodeli ifaneleke ngokukodwa imibutho engenzi nzuzo, imibutho yesisa okanye iiprojekthi zobuntu. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna unxibelelwano olusebenzayo ukukholisa abaxhasi abanokubakho malunga nokuba luncedo kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi exhaswayo.

Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwabantu abaninzi (i-Crowdfunding esekelwe kwi-Lending)

Imali mboleko yamaSilamsi iwela ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sokuboleka imali (Qard Al Hasan), apho abatyali-mali baboleka imali kwinkampani ngaphandle kokufumana inzala. Lo mzekelo wenza ukuba kube lula ukuqokelela imali ngelixa uhlonipha ukuvinjelwa kwenzala (iRiba) kwimali yamaSilamsi.

Inkampani ithembisa ukubuyisela imali ebolekiweyo, ngaphandle kwembopheleleko yokuhlawula inzala. Olu hlobo lwe-crowdfunding lufanelekile ngokukodwa kwiiprojekthi ezifuna inkxaso-mali yexesha elifutshane okanye eliphakathi, njengenkunzi yokusebenza okanye utyalo-mali oluphuma kanye. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala komvuzo kubatyali-mali kunokwenza le modeli ingabi nomtsalane kunenkxaso-mali yemveli.

Iitrends kwi-Crowdfunding yamaSilamsi

I-Crowdfunding kungekudala iza kuba yindlela eyimfuneko kumazwe angamaSilamsi kwaye i-real estate crowdfunding yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zotyalo-mali. Nge kuMbindi Mpuma nakwiMpuma Ekude, inani lamaqonga azibonakalisi njengezithuthi ezihambelana ne-sharia, kodwa oomatshini bemodeli yabo yeshishini bahambelana ngokusondeleyo nemithetho yezemali yamaSilamsi.

I-Islamic crowdfunding ayithethi nje iingxaki zabahlali bamaSilamsi kuba luhlobo olusesikweni lwenkxaso-mali olugxile kumaxabiso kunye nokuziphatha okunjengophuhliso lwentlalo. Islamic-crowdfunding.com ukukhethele awona maqonga angcono anikezelwe kwiSharia ethobela i crowdfunding.