Indlela yokwenza uhlalutyo lwemali ngokwemilinganiselo?
Uhlalutyo lwemali ngomlinganiselo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya impilo yemali yenkampani. Le ndlela yahlukile indlela yokusebenza yohlalutyo lwemali. Ngokuphonononga ulungelelwaniso lwezemali olwahlukeneyo, abatyali-zimali, abaphathi kunye nabahlalutyi banokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwenkampani, ingeniso, i-solvency kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokusebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwemali ukutolika iinkcazo zemali zenkampani kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezizizo. Nokuba uyingcali kwezemali okanye usomashishini ofuna ukuqonda ngcono amanani eshishini lakho, olu phononongo lunzulu lohlalutyo lomlinganiselo wemali luya kukunika ulwazi olusebenzayo nolunokusetyenzwa.
Uluhlu lwangaphakathi
🌿Uhlalutyo lwe-Liquidity
Uhlalutyo lwe-Liquidity luvavanya ukukwazi kwenkampani ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zayo zexesha elifutshane usebenzisa umlinganiselo onje ngoku, umlinganiselo oqinileyo, kunye nomlinganiselo okhawulezayo. Olu hlahlelo lubonelela ngemibono kubuchule benkampani ukuhlangabezana namatyala ayo exeshana elifutshane kusetyenziswa ii-asethi zayo ezingamanzi.
✔ Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo
I-Liquidity ngumlinganiselo wokukwazi komntu otyalayo ukuhlawula amatyala akhe ecinga ukuba uyaqhubeka nokusebenza. Ihluke kwi-solvency esekelwe kwi-hypothesis yokuyeka imisebenzi.
Ukulinganisa ubungakanani bemali yenkampani, sivavanya isixa-mali semali ekhoyo ngokukhutshwa kwayo. Oku kusekwe kumyinge wokungabi namali yokuhlawula amatyala ngokubanzi, ukuncitshiswa kokuhlawula amatyala kunye nokungabi namali yokuhlawula amatyala ngoko nangoko. Umlinganiselo wangoku ulinganisa ukukwazi kwenkampani ukuhlawula amatyala ayo exesha elifutshane. Xa kukhulu kunoko 1, ii-asethi zangoku zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxhasa ngemali ubuncinci amatyala akhoyo. Inkampani inokuqwalaselwa emva koko njenge "solvent" kwixesha elifutshane.
Umlinganiselo ocuthiweyo wokuhlawula amatyala ulingana nomlinganiselo wee-asethi zangoku (ezona mpahla zingamanzi kwiphepha lomncono) uluhlu lwempahla oluncinane, kumatyala akhoyo. ixesha elifutshane (amatyala ngaphantsi konyaka omnye).
Umlinganiselo okhawulezayo wokuhlawula amatyala uthintele ngakumbi kunezinye iireshiyo ezimbini. Ibonisa ukukwazi kwenkampani ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zayo zexesha elifutshane ngaphandle kokubhenela kwii-asethi zayo zexesha elifutshane. illiquid (kubandakanywa uluhlu lwempahla).
✔ Uhlalutyo lwemali ngu ulungelelwaniso lwengqesho oluzinzileyo
Umlinganiselo wokhuseleko lwemisebenzi ezinzileyo ulinganisa ireyithi yokhuseleko lwee-asethi ezigcinwe eLT ngamatyala. Lo mlinganiselo kufuneka ube kwi thabatha ilingana nesi-1 (100%). Kungcono nokuba likhulu kunoko 1 kuba oku kuthetha ukuba izixhobo ezizinzileyo zenkampani ziyayivumela ukuba yenze ukuhlawula amatyala okugqithisileyo okunokusetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ngemali iimfuno zenkunzi yokusebenza.
✔ Umlinganiselo wokuphelelwa lixesha
Umlinganiselo wokuphelelwa lixesha ulinganisa inqanaba lokuguga kunye nokukrazula kwezixhobo zokuvelisa zenkampani. Ichazwa njengepesenti.
Ukusondela kwi-1, kokukhona kubonisa ukuba isixhobo sikwimveliso. Ngaphandle koko, kubonisa ukuguga.
✔ Umlinganiselo wokuzimela kwemali
Umlinganiselo wokuzimela ngokwasezimalini uqaqambisa imeko yetyala lemali yenkampani ngokunxulumene nezabelo zayo.
Umlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu wemingcipheko eyenza nzima amathuba okufumana inkxaso-mali yangaphandle kuba ibonisa ukuba inkampani ixhomekeke kumaziko ayixhasa ngezimali kwaye inegumbi elincinane kakhulu lokwenza izinto eziveliswa ziimali zayo.
✔ Umlinganiselo wokuzimela ngokwasezimalini
Kumlinganiselo obaliweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lowo wokuzimela ngokwezimali (RAF) kubaluleke kakhulu. Umgaqo-mali ufuna ukuba ababoneleli bemali kufuneka babonelele ubuncinane isiqingatha senkxaso-mali yotyalo-mali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzimela kwenkampani ngokubhekisele kumaqela esithathu. Ngokwendlela yezemali, ukuzimela ngokwasezimalini kubonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Si I-RAF <1, ke inkampani ihlala inethuba lokuthatha amatyala kwixesha elide neliphakathi. Mhlawumbi RAF > 1, ke inkampani ayikwazi ukuthatha amatyala amaninzi. Ngamanye amazwi, kufuneka iphinde iqulunqe inkunzi yayo okanye inyuse ukuze ifumane umda omtsha wamatyala kunye ne-inshurensi kumaqabane ayo emali.
🌿 Uhlalutyo lwenzuzo
Ukutolikwa kweereshiyo zenzuzo ngokwenene kuyahambelana inyathelo lokugqibela lohlalutyo imali yenkampani. Ingcamango kukukhupha imilinganiselo ephambili kuhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho ukuze ukwazi ukwenza uthelekiso kunye nezinye iinkampani kwicandelo elifanayo. Enyanisweni, inzuzo yenkampani yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwayo iyonke. Inokuchazwa njengamandla ayo okuvelisa iziphumo (abaxhamli) ukusuka kwinkunzi etyaliwe.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eziphumo, amanqanaba amathathu ohlalutyo lwenzuzo ekhoyo: inzuzo yokusebenza, inzuzo yezoqoqosho kunye nenzuzo yemali. Kulo mba, umlinganiselo wenzuzo ukhokelela ngokunxulumene: nomsebenzi (inzuzo yokusebenza); iindlela zemveliso okanye utyalo-mali (inzuzo yezoqoqosho); kunye neendlela zemali (inzuzo yemali).
✔ Uhlalutyo lwenzuzo yokusebenza
Phakathi komlinganiselo wenzuzo yokusebenza, sinazo:
???? Umyinge worhwebo TMC
I-TMC ichaphazela iinkampani ezinomsebenzi worhwebo. Uvavanyo lwalo mlinganiselo lwenza ukuba kube lula ukuxabisa umda wezorhwebo wenkampani kwaye ngenxa yoko isicwangciso sayo sorhwebo. Ngokwenene, umyinge ophezulu wenza kube nokwenzeka ukungena kwiindleko ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kunye inkonzo yoshishino engcono.
Esi salathisi sivumela inkampani ukuba izithelekise ngokuchasene nabakhuphisana ngokufanayo. Ukubekwa esweni kwesi salathi-nkqubela ekuhambeni kwexesha kwenza kube lula ukuhlola umgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo wenkampani. Ngokwezibalo, ireyithi ye-gross margin ifunyanwa ngale fomula ilandelayo:
???? Ixabiso elongezelelweyo (VAT)
Lo mlinganiselo, osetyenziswa kwiinkampani zoshishino, ulinganisa iqondo lokudityaniswa kwenkampani. Ivumela ukuba kwenziwe ulwahlulo phakathi kweendleko zemveliso yangaphandle nangaphakathi yenkampani. Ilingana ne:
???? Ireyithi ye-gross operating surplus (EBITDA).
Le Umlinganiselo we-EBE ulinganisa umda owenziwe yiyunithi nganye yengeniso, nokuba yeyiphi imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yenkampani. Ibonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-EBE yisalathisi sokuqala soshishino kunye / okanye ukusebenza kwezorhwebo kwenkampani. Ifunyanwa ngolu lwalamano lulandelayo:
Nje ukuba ixabiso layo libalwe, iimeko ezimbini zinokuvela:
Ukuba EBE > 0, ke ishishini linenzuzo ngokwembono yokusebenza;
Ukuba EBITDA<0, oku kubhekiselwa kuko “njengokusilela okugqithisileyo kokusebenza”. Ngamanye amazwi, ingeniso yenkampani ayizihlanganisi iindleko zayo.
????Ireyithi yokusebenza yembuyekezo (ERR)
Lo mlinganiselo ulinganisa inqanaba lenzuzo yokusebenza eyenziwa yiyunithi nganye yembuyekezo. Lo mlinganiselo ubonakaliswa ngomlinganiselo:
???? Izinga lembuyekezo yorhwebo (TRC)
Umlinganiselo wokugqibela wolu sapho nguwo omisela inqanaba lengeniso efunyenweyo kwiyunithi nganye yengeniso. Ibonakaliswa ngomlinganiselo:
???? Umyinge wengeniso yempahla
Umlinganiselo wokujika kwempahla ulinganisa inani lamaxesha oluthe lwaguqulwa ngawo uluhlu lwempahla apha enyakeni. Lo mlinganiselo luphawu olulungileyo lomgangatho wempahla ekhoyo (iqondo lokungasetyenziswa) kunye nempumelelo yokuthenga kunye nezenzo zolawulo lwe-inventri.
Ibalwa ngokwahlula ixabiso leempahla ezithengisiweyo ngexabiso eliphakathi loluhlu lwempahla ngexesha elinikiweyo. Kubalulekile ukuvavanya ingeniso ye-inventri kuba imbuyekezo nganye yenza inzuzo enkulu. Lo mlinganiselo unokutyhila apho unokuphucula khona iindlela zokuthenga kunye nolawulo lwempahla. Ngokomzekelo, unokuhlalutya indlela othenga ngayo kunye neyabathengi bakho ukuze ubone indlela othenga ngayo inokunciphisa uluhlu lwakho lwempahla. Unokwenza imali ngoluhlu oluphelelwe lixesha ngokulithengisa ngesaphulelo kubathengi abathile.
Ukuze kubalwe umlinganiselo wengeniso kwi-inventri ngaphezu konyaka, kufuneka siqale sibale umndilili we-inventri yenkampani.
Umlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu unokuvakalisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba linkampani idibana nobunzima borhwebo okanye igcwele kakhulu. Impahla eninzi kakhulu yinto yokubeka iliso enokuthi, umzekelo, ivelise iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokugcina; Kwimeko yezinto ezitshabalalayo apho ixabiso liyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, isitokhwe esininzi sinokuchaphazela kakhulu impilo yezemali yenkampani.
Ngokuchasene noko, umlinganiselo ophezulu uthetha ukuba isitokhwe silawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokumalunga nomthamo wokuthengisa ofunyenwe yinkampani ngexesha lonyaka.
???? Umlinganiselo worhwebo ofunyenweyo
Umlinganiselo worhwebo ofunyenweyo ubonelela ngolwazi malunga nexesha eliphakathi elidlulile phakathi kokukhutshwa kwe-invoyisi kunye nomhla ehlawulwe ngawo. Lo mlinganiselo ubalwa ukusuka kolu luhlu lulandelayo:
Lo mlinganiselo ikuvumela ukuba uchaze umkhwa malunga nexesha elithatha abathengi bakho ukuhlawula amatyala. Ukulibaziseka okuphakathi okude kakhulu kunokubonisa izinto ezininzi. Ukuba abathengi bakho bafumana ubunzima bezemali okanye ixesha elibekiweyo olinika abathengi bakho lifutshane kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixesha elifutshane eliqhelekileyo lokuhlawulwa kwabathengi lithetha ukuba abathengi bakho banokuthenjwa, bahloniphe imihla ebekiweyo okanye bazuze kwimpilo entle yezemali.
????Umlinganiselo weentlawulo zokurhweba
Isondele kakhulu kwireyishini yangaphambili, izinga lokujika kwamatyala ababoneleli libonisa ixesha eliphakathi elithathwe yinkampani ukuhlawula amatyala ewenze ikhontrakthi nababoneleli bayo. Ibalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ixesha elifutshane lomndilili wentlawulo luphawu oluxatyiswa kakhulu ngababoneleli bakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba uthembekile kwaye uyazihlonela izibophelelo ozenzile kunye namaqabane akho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlawula ababoneleli bakho ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokubangela ubunzima bokuhamba kwemali ngokuxhomekeke kwizixhobo zenkampani. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyihloniphe imihla ebekiweyo ecetyisiweyo kwaye uhlawule ababoneleli bakho ngomhla omiselweyo.
Ukongeza, ukushiya ixesha elaneleyo lokuba inkampani yakho iqokelele intengiso ikuvumela ukuba ugcwalise ukuhamba kwakho kwemali kwaye emva koko uhlawule ababoneleli bakho ngokuthe cwaka.
🌿Uhlalutyo lwenzuzo yoqoqosho (ER)
Umlinganiselo wokulinganisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho yenza kube lula ukugweba amandla enkampani okuvelisa iziphumo (ingeniso) ngokuhlanganisa nje inkunzi efunekayo ukuze yenze umsebenzi wayo. Inzuzo yezoqoqosho ivela kwisakhono senkampani sokuthengisa kunye nokwenza imida kunye neziphumo ezivumela inkunzi yenkampani ukuba ihlaziywe kwaye ihlawulwe. Umlinganiselo woqoqosho wembuyekezo ubonakaliswa ngumlinganiselo:
Ingeniso yezoqoqosho iyonke ithelekiswa nee-asethi zoqoqosho zizonke.
Esi sibonakaliso senzuzo yezoqoqosho senza ukuba kube lula ukukhanyisa abatyali-mali kumvuzo wenkunzi efunekayo ekusebenzeni. Nangona kunjalo, esi sibonakaliso ayinantsingiselo kubo bonke abasebenzisi yohlalutyo lwemali. Yiyo loo nto, umzekelo, ababoneleli bemali benomdla kwinzuzo yemali, ngokukodwa umvuzo weminikelo yabo.
🌿 Uhlalutyo lwenzuzo yemali (FR)
Imilinganiselo yezemali yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ngumphathi ukulandela ukuvela kwenkampani. Olu lungelelwaniso lwenza kube lula ukuvavanya ukukwazi kwenkampani ukuhlawula izabelo kubanini-zabelo kunye nokubahlawula ngendlela yokuba babuyekeze ngomngcipheko owenziweyo. Ukubaluleka kwalo mlinganiselo kuvavanywa ngokubhekiselele kumyinge womlinganiselo wembuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwengeniso esisigxina. Ibonakaliswa yingxelo:
Uhlalutyo lwemali ngomlinganiselo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuvavanya imeko yemali yenkampani. Uya kuhlala uhlonipha i indlela yohlalutyo lwemali. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukuthatha ulawulo lwemali yakho yobuqu kwiinyanga ezintandathu, ndincoma kakhulu esi sikhokelo.
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