Ukuqonda iBhanki yamaSilamsi

Ngokuchithwa kweemarike, ulwazi lwezemali lu ngoku kusasazwa kwihlabathi jikelele nangexesha lokwenyani. Oku kwandisa inqanaba loqikelelo olukhokelela kuguquko oluphezulu kakhulu kwiimarike kwaye luveze iibhanki. Ngoko, Finance de Demain, iphakamisa ukuzisa kuwe izizathu zokuba kutheni kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya kunye nokuqonda ibhanki yamaSilamsi ukuze utyalo-mali olungcono.

Kodwa ukuqala, nazi ezinye Ingcebiso kunye neqhinga lokudala kunye nokuphuhlisa nto leyo eya kukuvumela ukuba uphuhlise ngokulula kakhulu inkampani yakho okanye ishishini lakho.

Kutheni imali yamaSilamsi?

Ingxaki yezemali ye-2008, imbangela eyayiyintelekelelo, yenza ukuba kube lula ukuqonda ukuba inkqubo yezemali yehlabathi iye yacaca kakhulu kwaye i-slick. Nokuba zeziphi iindlela zolawulo eziya kunyanzeliswa kuyo ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki ezinokwenzeka, uya kuyila iindlela zokuyirhawula.

Nangona kunjalo, iibhanki ezibizwa ngokuba ngamaSilamsi ziye zasinda ngokungummangaliso kule ngxaki. Oku komelela kunokuchazwa yinyaniso yokuba, ngokwethiyori, abazenzi umdla kwaye musa ukuqikelela. Okokuqala kufuneka kuthiwe ukufakwa kwemali kuqoqosho yinxalenye yeziphumo ezithe ngqo zokudityaniswa kwezemali. Oku kudityaniswa kwehlabathi kuzise inguqu emandla kwifilosofi nakwinkqubo yezemali yeshishini.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Kutheni ulawulo lweebhanki kufuneka lomelele?

Olu manyano lwehlabathi lwezezimali, oluphawulwa kukufuna inzuzo esisigxina, ngokucacileyo lubandakanya ukwenziwa kwamazinga enzala, uqikelelo kunye nokuthengiswa kwempahla okuhlala kungunobangela ophambili wentlekele yezemali ka-2008 ibeke abantu kumbindi wezoqoqosho kwaye ayisenguye lowo usebenzisa uMntu njengesixhobo kwinkonzo yoqoqosho.

Ngamanye amazwi, ihlabathi lifuna inkqubo yezemali eneenqobo ezisesikweni nenoxanduva loluntu. iyakwazi ukunciphisa ukungabikho kobulungisa nokungalingani kwezemali. Imali yamaSilamsi, ukuba kuphela kwinqanaba lethiyori, ihlangabezana nazo zonke ezi meko. Yena u "uxanduva" lwezemali ekubeni isekelwe kwintlonelo engqongqo kwimigaqo yomthetho wamaSilamsi.

Izibonakalisa njengesebe loqoqosho lwamaSilamsi, ijolise ekusekeni ucwangco lwezoqoqosho ngokuhambelana nobuSilamsi. Kwi-2008, inkqubo yezemali yamaSilamsi (IFS) yaphuma kumlingane wayo oqhelekileyo ngokuchasa ingxaki. Yiloo nto eyatsala ingqalelo yeengcali kunye nabaphandi abazibuza ngezizathu zokugonywa kwakhe. Enyanisweni, i-SFI ifuna ukuphinda ithathele ingqalelo uMntu njengomxhamli kwaye ayisekho njenge "ixhoba" lezemali.

Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba intlonipho yemigaqo yobulungisa boluntu, ubulungisa kunye nokungafihlisi kwishishini lelona xabiso ligcinwe kwaye likhuselwe yile nkqubo yezemali.

imali yamaSilamsi vs ezemali eziqhelekileyo 

Izimali zamaSilamsi zikwahluka kwiqabane layo kumbono wayo wemali eyinkunzi kunye nabasebenzi. Enyanisweni, izenzo zezoqoqosho kunye nezemali ezenziwa ngexesha loMprofeti uMuhammad zisebenza njengesiseko sayo ngokukodwa. Enyanisweni, imali yamaSilamsi ibonakaliswe ngokuthintelwa komdla kunye noxanduva loluntu lotyalo-mali.

Ngelixa iibhanki zemveli zifumana uninzi lwengeniso yazo kwinzala, leyo yee-BIs isekwe ekuhlonipheni umthetho-siseko wokwabelana ngelahleko kunye neengeniso kwiikhontrakthi zokuxhasa ngemali ezisekwe phakathi kwebhanki kunye namahlakani ayo. Ngaphaya koko, kukho iindawo zotyalo-mali ezithintelweyo ngumthetho weSharia, oko kukuthi iHaram (ngokuchaseneyo ne halal).

umzekelo, imidlalo yamathuba, imisebenzi enxulumene notywala, ukufuya iihagu, izixhobo okanye ishishini lefilimu, njl.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba utyalo mali intle, kukho ikhomishini yokulawula ngaphakathi kweebhanki. Le khomishini yolawulo lotyalo-mali iqhutywa ngokwemigaqo ngeendlela ezimbini (02). Indlela yokuqala yeyomntu ngamnye ngengqiqo yokuba onke amaSilamsi akufuneki atyale imali yawo kuwo imisebenzi engahambelaniyo ngonqulo lwakhe. Okwesibini liziko okanye umbutho.

Iibhanki zamaSilamsi kunye neengxowa-mali zotyalo-mali zenziwe, ukongeza kwibhodi yabalawuli kunye nentlanganiso kawonke-wonke, ye-sharia okanye ikomiti elongameleyo yokuziphatha ( Ibhodi yeSharia) amalungu alo azimeleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukubamba iinkampani ezisebenza kwiindawo ezingekho mthethweni kubangela ukungamkelwa kwezi komiti.

Kutheni uhlalutya iibhanki zamaSilamsi?

Izimali zamaSilamsi lithuba lokwenyani lokubamba uzinzo olungcono lwenkqubo yezemali yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, amazwi athile aphikisanayo ayibona njenge " inkohliso" ezifihliweyo egameni lamaSilamsi. Ngaloo ndlela, inkxalabo yangoku yile yolwazi.  Ngaba imali yamaSilamsi yi-Islamization yeendlela okanye i-Islamization yeziphelo?

Ezinye izinto eziyinyani zenza ukuba kube lula ukubuza imibuzo malunga nale nkqubo yezemali.

✔ ubedlala, Ngokucacileyo amazwe asemzini wamaSilamsi afana neSaudi Arabia abonakala edityaniswe ngakumbi kwinkqubo ye-neoliberal esekwe kuqikelelo kwaye arhaxwa kwintengiselwano yenzala.

Ngelixa sasicinga ukuba ingxaki yezemali iza kuphela ekupheleni kuka-2008, ingxaki yeBhanki yeHlabathi yaseDubai yayisele iza kuvela.

✔ Okwesibini, Imisebenzi yebhanki yamaSilamsi kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo yomthetho wamaSilamsi.

Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela le migaqo kunokwenzeka ukuba kungcolise igama leshishini lilonke. Nangona kunjalo, iibhanki azisoloko zilandela le migaqo ekusebenzeni.

✔ okwesithathu, Inkqubo yezemali yamaSilamsi okwangoku ijongene nobunzima obukhulu obunxulunyaniswa nolawulo lwayo.

I-BIs, ngenxa yezizathu zokuthelekisa iinkcazo zemali, zihlala zisebenzisa imigangatho ye-akhawunti ye-IFRS. Nangona kunjalo, le migangatho ayifanelekanga ukuba sigxininisa kwiinkalo zonqulo zentengiselwano yabo yebhanki.

✔ Isine, Ibhanki yamaSilamsi ayijonganga kuphela imiqobo kunye nemingcipheko ethile, ngaphaya kweengozi zebhanki zemveli, kodwa iphakamisa imibuzo enzulu malunga nokugwetywa kwayo imbono yomdla enokunciphisa uphuhliso olunokwenzeka. Ukujongana nale ntsilelo, banikezela ngeemveliso ezibiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezo zinikezelwa yi-BCs.

✔ Isihlanu, ubume bemali yeebhanki zamaSilamsi bubenza bathande ngakumbi iingxaki ze-arhente kunoogxa babo besiqhelo.

Kutheni incwadi ekuhlalutyweni kweebhanki zamaSilamsi?

Umnqweno wethu wokubhala incwadi kwiibhanki zamaSilamsi ulele uhlobo oluthile lwemisebenzi yabo. Abafuni nje ukuhlonelwa kwemigaqo yezemali, kodwa kunye nentlonipho yemigaqo yeSilamsi.

Ngapha koko, i-SFI ixhasa imali esesikweni nenoxanduva oluya kuzinzisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ukwenziwa kwezinto elubala nobulungisa kwezoshishino, ukulondolozwa kwendalo, ukuhlonelwa kwesidima somntu nokoyika uThixo, zezona zinto ziphambili kule nkqubo yezemali. Kungenxa yesi siseko ukuba lo msebenzi uzahlula kulawo akhoyo kwiibhanki.

Ibhalelwe oobani le ncwadi?

Le ncwadi yenzelwe abaphulaphuli abaninzi. Nabani na onomdla kwiimali zamaSilamsi uya kufumana kulo msebenzi imiba yeempendulo kwiinkxalabo malunga nokusebenza kunye nendlela yokulawula iinkampani zebhanki zamaSilamsi, iimveliso zezemali abazinikezelayo kunye neenkcukacha zeengxelo zabo zemali xa kuthelekiswa nezo zilinganisa zabo eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuze siwuqonde ngcono lo msebenzi, sizame ukuzibeka kwindawo yomntu osondela kwimali yamaSilamsi okokuqala. Ngale nto, injongo yethu ibikukuqaqambisa izinto ezifunyanwa ngabafundi okanye iingcali okanye kufuneka zifumane umdla kufundo okanye ukuziqhelanisa nezezimali zamaSilamsi.

Le ncwadi ihlelwe ngokwezahluko ezisixhenxe (07).

✔ Isahluko 1 inika izizathu zokukhetha umxholo. Ngaphambi kokubonisa ezi zizathu, sinikezela ngolwazi ngokubanzi malunga nohlalutyo lwemali yeebhanki.

✔ Isahluko 2 ibonisa ishishini lezemali lamaSilamsi lilonke. Ibonisa i-SFI ukusuka kwi-genesis ukuya kwimeko yayo yangoku, kubandakanywa nemigaqo yayo yokusebenza.

✔ Isahluko 3 yena, ubonisa ukusebenza kweebhanki zamaSilamsi. Apha sibonisa iintlobo zemingcipheko kunye neendlela zokulawula umngcipheko ezijongene neebhanki zamaSilamsi.

✔ Isahluko 4 inikezela ngolawulo lweenkampani zebhanki zamaSilamsi. Ithelekisa ulawulo lweenkampani zebhanki zemveli kunye nolo lweebhanki zamaSilamsi.

✔ Isahluko 5 inika imimiselo yocwangciso-mali kwiibhanki zamaSilamsi. Apha, sibonisa imigangatho kunye neendlela zokurekhoda ezisetyenziswa yi-IBs kwimisebenzi yazo yemihla ngemihla.

✔ Isahluko 6 inikezela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo zemali nezingezizo ezemali ezaziwa ngokuba intle ezinikezelwa ziibhanki Islamic.

Ukongeza, inika iindidi ngeendidi zeekhontrakthi (ikhontrakthi yezemali kunye nekhontrakthi yokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukodwa) ezinikezelwa zezi bhanki kunye nemida yazo ngokumalunga nentlonipho yemigaqo yezenkolo.

✔ Isahluko 7 ekugqibeleni inikezela ngeenkcukacha zeemali zeebhanki zamaSilamsi xa zithelekiswa nezo zilinganayo zazo eziqhelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukuthatha ulawulo lwemali yakho yobuqu kwiinyanga ezintandathu, ndincoma kakhulu esi sikhokelo.

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