Kutheni ulawulo lweebhanki kufuneka lomelele?

Kutheni ulawulo lweebhanki kufuneka lomelele? Lo mbuzo yeyona nto ixhalabisayo esiyiphuhlisayo kweli nqaku. Ngaphambi kwalo naluphi na uphuhliso, ndingathanda ukukukhumbuza ukuba iibhanki iinkampani ezipheleleyo. Ngokungafaniyo neenkampani zemveli, zifumana iidiphozithi kubathengi babo kunye nezibonelelo ngendlela yemali mboleko. Ukongeza, bajongana nabachaphazelekayo abaninzi (abathengi, abaninizabelo, ezinye iibhanki, njl..).

Le nkitha yabachaphazelekayo inyusa ubudlelwane be-arhente kwaye ngenxa yoko ungquzulwano lwe-arhente. Ngoko ke kulo mzuzu uchanekileyo ukuba ulawulo lungenelele ukunciphisa iingxabano ze-arhente ngaphakathi kweenkampani. Kweli nqaku, ndinikezela kuwe imingeni emikhulu yolawulo lweebhanki. Ngamanye amazwi, Finance de Demain ndikuxelele ukuba kutheni ulawulo lweebhanki kufuneka luqine. Nako sisiya!!

🌿 Yintoni ulawulo lweshishini?

Intetho ethi "ulawulo" ichaza indlela imicimbi yenkampani eqhutywa ngayo. Kwinkampani, ulawulo lweshishini lubhekiselele ekuthatheni ingqalelo umdla wabachaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo. Ngoko ke, ulawulo olululo luya kuqinisekisa inkqubo ezinzileyo nesebenzayo yokudala iinqobo ezisemgangathweni. kubo bonke Enyanisweni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ulawulo lwequmrhu lufumana inkcazo ukususela kwixesha apho umdla wabachaphazelekayo uyahlukana.

Inkampani ingaphezu kwayo yonke into iikhontrakthi node » kuquka abaphathi, abasebenzi kunye nabatyali-mali bezimali. Ngenxa yoku kukho iingxabano ngokwendalo phakathi kwala maqela kwikhontrakthi. Ungquzulwano lunokubangela ukuba abanini zabelo ngokuchasene nabaphathi, okanye phakathi kwabaninizabelo (abambalwa xa kuthelekiswa nesininzi), okanye ababolekisi bemali (iibhanki nabanini-bhondi ngokukodwa) kubaninizabelo.

Kwiibhanki, olu ngquzulwano luya lugxininiswa ngakumbi kuba kukho iindidi ezininzi zobudlelwane be-arhente. Umzekelo, sinobu budlelwane be-arhente bulandelayo: umphathi/abanini zabelo, ibhanki/abaxumi, abanini zabelo/abaxumi. Ulawulo lweebhanki kufuneka lubandakanye imiba yamandla, ulawulo, ukungafihli, ulawulo lokuhlawula amatyala kunye nokuba semthethweni kweziko. Ichaphazela yomibini imibuzo yokungqubana komdla phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo kunye nabo badityaniswe nokugcina ukuthembana phakathi kwabo.

Iibhanki kufuneka zikwazi ukuvavanya imingcipheko ekhoyo kwimisebenzi yabo, kwaye oku, ngakumbi kwimeko yokukhula okanye ukhuphiswano. Oku kwakhona kufuna ubungcali beebhanki kunye nezezimali kwibhodi yabalawuli. Ngaphezu koko, iibhanki kufuneka zifune ukulungelelanisa iinjongo zentlalo kunye neenjongo zemali ukuze zanelise abaninzi abachaphazelekayo.

🌿 Ubunzulu beebhanki xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkampani

Iinkampani zebhanki zineempawu zazo. Iimpawu zeebhanki zilele kumsebenzi wazo, ubukho beendleko zentengiselwano, ukubaluleka kokwahlukana komngcipheko, iqondo lokubaluleka kwezinto ezintsha kwinqanaba kunye nakwinqanaba lokulawula. Enyanisweni, izinto ezininzi zithethelela umdla kwinkqubo yolawulo oluluqilima kwiibhanki.

✔ Ubume bemisebenzi yebhanki

Ibhanki idlala indima yokungenelela kwemali phakathi kwee-arhente zoqoqosho. Iqokelela iidiphozithi kubathengi bayo ukuze ibuyisele abanye abathengi kwaye ngaloo ndlela idale imali. Kule nto, isebenzisa inkunzi yayo ukukhusela intengiselwano nto leyo iyenzayo njengophinda-phindo lwayo. Inomsebenzi wokuthembeka kubathengi bayo kunye nomsebenzi wokhuseleko ngokubhekisele kubanini-zabelo, abaxumi kunye nemarike.

Umsebenzi webhanki ke ngoko ufuna i-solvency esisigxina kunye ne-liquidity. Esi sisizathu sokuqala sokuba kutheni ulawulo lweebhanki kufuneka luqine ngaphakathi kweebhanki.

✔️ Ukubaluleka kokwahlukana komngcipheko

Iibhanki, ngokungafaniyo namashishini emveli, zijongene nemingcipheko emininzi. Singawuchaza umngcipheko wokuhlawula amatyala kunye nomngcipheko wenkampani. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlukana komngcipheko kuba awuwabeki onke amaqanda akho kwingobozi enye. Olu luhlu lubandakanya ukukhetha a indibaniselwano yokubeka ezahlukeneyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko onxulumene nepotifoliyo yakho.

Ngokwethiyori, ukwahluka kukuvumela ukuba unciphise umngcipheko kwipotfoliyo yakho ngaphandle kokuncama imbuyekezo enokubakho. Ipotfoliyo esebenzayo yenza imbuyekezo ethile umngcipheko ophantsi onokwenzeka. Nje ukuba ipotifoliyo yakho ihluke ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka uthathe imingcipheko eyongezelelweyo ukwandisa imbuyekezo yayo. Ukwahlula ngempumelelo ipotfoliyo yakho, udinga ulungelelwaniso olungcono lwemisebenzi ngaphakathi ebhankini. Esi sisizathu sesibini sokuba kutheni ulawulo lweebhanki kufuneka luqine.

✔ Inqanaba lokubaluleka kwezinto ezintsha zebhanki

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kubhekiselele ekwenziweni kwemidibaniso emitsha. Isenokuchaphazela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha, ukuqaliswa kwendlela entsha yokuvelisa, ukuvulwa kwendawo entsha yokuphuma; ukoyiswa komthombo omtsha wezinto ezikrwada okanye iimveliso...

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iibhanki ziye zasebenzisa i-innovation evulekile. Ngokutsho kweChesbrough (2003), le modeli yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha esekwe kwiindlela zentsebenziswano yavavanywa kuqala ziifemu ezingezizo ezemali. Olu hlobo lokutsha lusekelwe kwintsebenziswano phakathi kwebhanki kunye namaqabane ayo. Ekugqibeleni, ukusungula izinto ezintsha yimfuneko yobuchule kwiibhanki ezifuna ukuhlala zikhuphisana. Ngoku ka UMadan kunye noSoubra (1991) ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuvumela iibhanki ukuba zandise inzuzo ngokunciphisa ukuthengiselana, uphando kunye neendleko zokuthengisa.

Ngexesha lobunzima njengangoku kunye ne-COVID19, ukusungulwa kweebhanki kubonelela ngokhuphiswano kwiibhanki ezithile. Ukuze ukuphunyezwa kube nokwenzeka, yonke into ixhomekeke kwinkqubo yolawulo ebekwe kwinkampani. Ngaloo ndlela, ulawulo olulungileyo luya kudala ixabiso elongezelelweyo kubo bonke. Esi sisizathu sesithathu esicacisa imfuneko yolawulo oluluqilima lweebhanki.

✔ Le bhanki yindawo ekudityaniswa kuyo abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi

Ngokungafaniyo neenkampani zemveli, iibhanki zidibanisa inkitha yabachaphazelekayo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kulawulo lwabo. Abachaphazelekayo bonke ngabantu bendalo okanye abasemthethweni abachaphazelekayo nabanokuthi babe nefuthe kwizigqibo zenkampani. Banokuba njalo ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle ebhankini.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Konke malunga ne-stock market

Abachaphazelekayo bangaphakathi bayinxalenye yabasebenzi bebhanki (abaphathi, abasebenzi, njl.). Ngokuphathelele abachaphazelekayo bangaphandle, sinalo: iibhanki ezincedisayo, abathengi, ababoneleli, njl.

Abachaphazelekayo abasebenzayo bathatha inxaxheba kwizigqibo zebhanki ngelixa abachaphazelekayo abangenzi nto bexhomekeke kwizigqibo zebhanki. Ubunzima bomntu ngamnye ochaphazelekayo buneziphumo kulawulo lweshishini. Abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzayo baya kutyekela ekubekeni phambili imidla yabo kuneyabanye.

Uninzi lwabaninizabelo, umzekelo, baya kufuna ukunyanzelisa intando yabo ngendlela eyingozi kubaninizabelo abambalwa. Kule ngqiqo, ibhanki ijongene neengxabano ezininzi ze-arhente. Akunjalo kuphela kunye namaqabane angaphakathi, kodwa kunye namaqabane angaphandle. Le meko igxininiswe ngakumbi kwiibhanki zamaSilamsi.

🌿 Indlela yokunciphisa iingxabano zomdla kwiibhanki?

Kule nto sigqiba kuyithetha, kucacile ukuba ulawulo lweebhanki kufuneka lujongane neendidi ezininzi zokungqubana kwemidla. Ukwenza lo msebenzi, ulawulo lweebhanki luneqela leendlela ezaziwa ngokuba iindlela zolawulo.

Ngokwe-etymologically, i-mechanical yindibano yezinto, ezinye zazo ezinokuhamba xa zithelekiswa nezinye. Le ndibano ke ngoko ayenzi into eqinileyo. Ngamnye element izimele. Iingxabano ze-Arhente kunye abatyalwayo bahlala ngeendlela ezifana neziqinisekiso zekhontrakthi, iinkqubo zomthetho zokuhlaliswa kwenkundla, imarike yolwazi lwezemali, okanye iindlela ezingekho sikweni ezifana nodumo.

Ezi ndlela zahlukeneyo azidlali indima elinganayo kwaye ukubaluleka kwazo kuxhomekeke kubume kunye nomsebenzi wenkampani. Kwinkqubo yolawulo, le ndibano inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini:

✔ Iindlela ezakhiweyo okanye “zenjongo”

Kulo luhlu sinelungelo lokuvota kwibhodi yabalawuli (i-BoD), iimpawu ze-CA (ubukhulu, ukukhanya, ukuzimela, njl.) kunye neekomiti (uphicotho-zincwadi, umvuzo, njl.). Iinkqubo zemivuzo kunye neprofayili yomphathi nazo ziyinxalenye yolu didi. Eyona ndlela yolawulo lweebhanki yibhodi yabalawuli.

✔ Iinkqubo “ezizenzekelayo”

Olu didi lweendlela lunxulunyaniswa nokhuphiswano lwemarike. Nokuba ziyintoni na, ezi ndlela zijolise ekunciphiseni iingxabano ze-arhente phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo. Ke, kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezidwelisiweyo, abanye ababhali bacinga ukuba eyona ndlela iphambili yintengiso yolawulo. Abaphathi baya kufuna ukulawula amashishini kakuhle ukwandisa isidima sabo kunye nexabiso kule marike.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Ukuqonda iBhanki yamaSilamsi

Ecaleni kwemarike yabaphathi, kukho enye indlela ezenzekelayo, ummiselo. Ukulawulwa kweebhanki kubonwa njengesenzo sokulawula kunye nokulawula imisebenzi yebhanki, ukuthobela ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, ukulawula umngcipheko ukuze kugcinwe ukhuseleko lwabagcini-mali, uzinzo lwenkqubo yezemali kunye neebhalansi ezinkulu zezoqoqosho.

Ukuphumeza oku, ulawulo lweebhanki luxhomekeke ngokusisiseko kulawulo nasekubekeni iliso. Pha imimiselo yebhanki ibandakanya ikakhulu ukuseta inqanaba lobutyebi obuncinci, okanye i-equity ratio kwi-jargon, ekufuneka iibhanki zibambe ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nokothuka kwemali.

🌿 Isishwankathelo...

Ulawulo lwebhanki olusemgangathweni luyimfuneko engazange ibonwe ukuba sifuna ukugcina intembeko yabanye abachaphazelekayo. Ngokuka a Ingxelo yekomiti yaseBasel ipapashiwe Ngo-2015, ulawulo lwequmrhu lujolise ekomelezeni uxanduva oluhlangeneyo lwebhodi yabalawuli ngokwemiqathango yolongamelo kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko. Ngenxa yobume bemisebenzi yebhanki, ulawulo luyinto ebalulekileyo ingqiqo nophuhliso lweebhanki.

Ukulawula iidiphozithi zabathengi, ukubanika ikhredithi kunye nokufikelela kulwazi oluyimfihlo lwabathengi kwandisa imfuno yolawulo olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo; ulawulo olungqongqo ngakumbi kunye nolawulo (El Marzouki kunye noBenlechehab, 2017). Ngaphaya koko, iibhanki zisesichengeni songquzulwano lwe-arhente xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zoshishino. Shiya izimvo zakho kwizimvo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukuthatha ulawulo lwemali yakho yobuqu kwiinyanga ezintandathu, ndincoma kakhulu esi sikhokelo.