Ayini ama-DApps noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinwetshiwe?

I-DApp (“Uhlelo Lokusebenza Olunwetshiwe” noma “uhlelo lokusebenza olunwetshiwe”) uhlelo lwesofthiwe olusebenza ngokuyingxenye noma ngokuphelele yisethi yabalingisi abahlukene. Ukuze isebenze, ngokuvamile incike kokukodwa noma ngaphezulu izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile, okungukuthi izivumelwano zekhompuyutha eziqinisekisa izinkontileka) ezisebenza ku-blockchain eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Imvamisa, uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlukaniselwe indawo lufika nomsebenzisi obonakalayo, imodeli yokugcinwa kwedatha esabalalisiwe, iphrothokholi yokuxhumana komlayezo asinge ukuba asinge, kanye nesistimu yokulungiswa kwamagama ehlukaniswe. Ezingeni lemali, i-Bitcoin ingabhekwa njengohlelo lokusebenza oluhlukaniswe. Ukuphikisana nezinhlangano zezikweletu, uMenzi noma Inhlanganisela kungabuye kubonakale njengezicelo zokuboleka ezihlukaniselwe izindawo.

Uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha, funda kuze kube sekupheleni.

Asihambe

Umlando we-DApps

I-DApps ayiyona into entsha kusukela ngonyaka odlule, iqiniso liwukuthi sebehlale nathi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqala zenethiwekhi ye-P2P zaziwa kakhulu nge-Napster, i-eMule noma i-BitTorrent. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ulwazi olufinyelelwa yilezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zokulanda lutholakala kunethiwekhi yamanodi (amakhompyutha) ayingxenye yenethiwekhi yawo.

Uma uxhuma ikhompuyutha yakho kunethiwekhi ye-BitTorrent, uzokwazi ukufinyelela futhi udawunilode okuqukethwe okukumakhompyutha abanye abasebenzisi futhi wenze okuqukethwe kwakho kutholakale ukuze kulandwe abanye.

Umqondo wohlelo lokwehlukaniswa kwabantu uye wathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ngo-2009 wathatha igxalaba ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva. I-Bitcoin iyazalwa, i-DApp yokuqala emhlabeni ukusebenzisa i-Blockchain. Kakade ngo-2014, u-Ethereum wazalwa namanye amaphrojekthi I-Blockchain 2.0 kanye ne-3.0 ilandelwe.

Kakade ngo-2014, wabona i-DApp yesibili isebenzisa i-blockchain, Ethereum. Ukusebenzisa ulimi lweSolidity ukwakha izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kusize ukukhulisa lobu buchwepheshe. Imfihlo yempumelelo ilele ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezilawulwa abasebenzisi hhayi izinkampani, isibonelo a i-metaverse njenge-Fortnite elawulwa yinkampani kodwa i-Decentraland iyi- I-DApp ehlukaniselwe futhi evulekile elawulwa futhi yathuthukiswa abasebenzisi.

Ayini ama-DApps noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinwetshiwe

I-DApps noma iDecentralized Applications yisigaba esikhethekile sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngesisekelo senethiwekhi ehlukaniselwe amakhompuyutha noma amakhompyutha. Idatha ekhiqizwe yilolu hlelo lokusebenza isingathwe kunethiwekhi yekhompyutha egcina lolu lwazi luvikelekile futhi lufinyeleleka.

Le nethiwekhi ehlukaniselwe a Isabalalisiwe iLedger Technology (DLT) ngokuvamile ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-blockchain. Ukunikeza isibonelo esilula, singacabanga nge-DApp njengohlelo olwaziwa ngokuthi Facebook, Tinder noma Robinhood kodwa esikhundleni sokusebenza kuseva emaphakathi (ngokuvamile kunezimbalwa), isebenza kunethiwekhi eyakhiwe izinkulungwane zamanodi noma amakhompyutha.

Izinzuzo ze-DApps ngohlelo lokusebenza oluphakathi nendawo

1# Ukuphepha

Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuphepha kohlelo lokusebenza. Iqiniso lokuthi lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusebenza kunethiwekhi eyakhiwe izinkulungwane zamanodi lunikeza ukuvikeleka kokuthi noma i-nodi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kunethiwekhi olusebenza kuyo ehluleka, ingaqhubeka nokusebenza.

Lokhu akwenzeki esimweni sohlelo lokusebenza oluphakathi nendawo olusebenza kuseva emaphakathi, ngoba uma luhlaselwa, luzothinta ukuqhubeka kwesevisi futhi uhlelo lokusebenza luzoyeka ukusebenza. Wake wazizwa sengathi iWhatsapp yakho iyeka ukusebenza amahora ambalwa? Hhayi-ke ngoba iseva emaphakathi yehlulekile.

2# Bahlukaniselwe izindawo

Nakuba sesike saphawula ngakho izikhathi eziningana, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo kuyinzuzo enkulu yama-DApps. Ikakhulukazi izicelo okufanele zibe nezinga eliphezulu lokubekezelela amaphutha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinzuzo yokuncintisana ekhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoba inethiwekhi enkulu lapho i-DApp ithe isekelwa khona, amakhompyutha amaningi (noma ama-node) azoba khona ohlelweni futhi kuzoba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi ashayeke noma bhidlika.

3# Zisekelwe kwisofthiwe yamahhala

Ekugcineni, enye yezinsika ezinkulu noma izinzuzo ze-DApps ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwabo kwathuthukiswa eduze kwesofthiwe yamahhala. Lokhu kuvumela umphakathi omkhulu wabathuthukisi ukuthi ube khona ngemuva kwakho ukuze unikeze isevisi nokusekelwa kunethiwekhi, ngaphezu kokufinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokubonisa ngale nokuphepha.

Umehluko phakathi kwesicelo esihlukaniselwe izwe kanye nohlelo olujwayelekile

umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zokusebenza ukumazinga amabili: i-backend kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha.

Umehluko ku-backend

I-backend ibhekisela ku-"logic” yohlelo lokusebenza oluyenza isebenze. Endabeni yezinhlelo zokusebenza zendabuko, konke lokhu kunengqondo kubekwe endaweni eyodwa kukhompuyutha emaphakathi noma iseva.

Kodwa-ke, kuma-DApps, i-backend iboshelwe kwinkontileka ehlakaniphile esebenza ku-Blockchain njenge-Ethereum. Lokhu kuyinikeza olunye uchungechunge lwezinzuzo ezinjengokusekelwe ku-Smart Contract, kanye nokuba yilezi zinkontileka zomphakathi ezihlakaniphile, izinga eliphezulu lokubonisa izinto obala nokuphepha liqinisekisiwe.

Umehluko ekugcinweni kwedatha

Isici esilandelayo lapho sibona khona umehluko phakathi kohlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile nohlelo lokusebenza oluhlukaniselwe indawo ukugcinwa kwedatha. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezimaphakathi, idatha ivamise ukugcinwa kukhompuyutha emaphakathi noma ikhompuyutha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwale khompuyutha emaphakathi noma iseva kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Akwenzeki ezinhlelweni ezihlukaniselwe indawo lapho idatha igcinwa kunethiwekhi yekhompyutha noma i-blockchain. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yomsebenzisi ayilokothi ilahleke.

Izigaba zohlelo lokusebenza ezimisiwe

Emhlabeni wama-DApps sithola amazinga noma izigaba ezahlukene okuyizi:

I-Tier I dapps

Kuleli zinga noma ukuhlukaniswa, sifaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukaniselwe izindawo ezisebenza nge-Blockchain yazo.

Isigaba II dapps

Kuleli zinga le-DApps sithola wonke lawo ma-DApp aphethwe ku-Blockchain engasuki ku-DApp ngokwayo futhi esebenza ngokusekelwe kumaTokheni awo noma Amathokheni e-blockchain asebenza kuyo.

I-Tier III DApps

I-Tier III DApps isebenzisa i-Tier II DApps ukuze isebenze kahle.

Izibonelo zama-DApp angcono kakhulu

Ukuqeda lo mhlahlandlela wokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukaniselwe izwe, sibuyekeza izimakethe ezinkulu.

Isicelo esihlukaniselwe izindawo: CryptoKitties

Cishe i-DApp edume kakhulu owake wayizwa kwabezindaba. I-Cryptokitties ngumdlalo wokuqoqa amakati edijithali ahlotshiswe ngezindikimba ezahlukene.

Lena i-DApp esingethwe kuyo I-Ethereum Blockchain (Izinga le-DApp II). Ingenye yezindala ezikhona. Nokho baqhuma ekudumeni ngo-2017 nango-2018 ikakhulukazi ngoba baphinde baba imakethe enkulu yabaqagela ababona imakethe yokuhweba enenzuzo enkulu.

Ngayinye kulawa makati edijithali ihlukile ngo-100% futhi ingeyomuntu oyithengayo. Angeke zikhiqizwe kabusha, zibhujiswe noma zebiwe.

Imakethe ye-CAD

Imakethe ye-stablecoin isivele idlula i-100 billion dollars. Ngakho-ke inani elikhulu lama-DApp akhiwe kule makethe. Esinye sezibonelo eziphumelele kakhulu yileso se-Market DAO.

I-MarketDAO iyinkundla ekuvumela ukuthi uthenge stablecoins. Kamuva ungazidlulisela endaweni yesikhulumi futhi ngokushintshana bakunikeza imbuyiselo yonyaka engaguquki evame ukuba khona ngo-6%.

Uma uqaphela, ukusebenza kufana nebhange. Ngifaka imali yami futhi ngokushintshana banginikeze imbuyiselo. Ibhange lingasebenzisa imali engibanike yona ukuboleka izinkampani zangaphandle ezibuyisela inzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umehluko ukuthi I-MarketDAO (kanye nezinkundla ezifanayo) eziletha ku-ecosystem ukuthi zenza kube lula ukufinyeleleka kwemikhiqizo yezezimali. Umuntu ofuna imali ebolekiwe akudingeki adlule ezinqubweni zokugunyaza ezinde nezifunayo zesikhungo esibolekisayo sendabuko.

IPSE

I-IPSE iwuhlelo lokusebenza oluhlukile endaweni yayo. Kuyi-level II DApp kanye nenjini yokusesha, njengaye Google, Yahoo!, Bing noma Ecosia. Isekelwe ku-Blockchain EOS.

I-IPSE ihlukile kuziphequluli zewebhu ezivamile esizisebenzisayo. Okokuqala, isebenzisa enye iphrothokholi kunephrothokholi ye-HTTP, i-IPFS (I-Interplanetary File System).

Ngaphandle komehluko wephrothokholi, i-IPSE ayifaki ukukhangisa. Imodeli yayo yebhizinisi ayisekelwe ekukhangiseni. Lokhu kusha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini zokusesha ezifana ne-Google nezinye.

Okokugcina, umehluko wokugcina ukuthi i-IPSE izama ukuqinisa kakhulu ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi. Ngale ndlela, injini yokusesha ayiqoqi idatha yomsebenzisi ohlotsheni lokusesha olwenziwayo noma ukuthi lwenziwa kumuphi umongo. Impela, uma umsebenzisi efisa ukunikela ngedatha ngokuzithandela, uzoklonyeliswa ngamathokheni e-IPSE angase adayiswe emakethe yesibili.

Isiphetho

Imakethe ye-DApps, njengemakethe ye-blockchain, iyajabulisa futhi ikhula kakhulu. Beza ukuzosilethela inkathi entsha yamathuba azosungula kuyo yonke imikhakha ephathelene nenani elikhulu ledatha nolwazi. Kodwa, njenganoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusha noma ukuthambekela, kufanele uzilungiselele kahle futhi uqeqeshwe.

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