Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi, Ubufakazi Besiteki kanye Nobufakazi Besikhathi Esidlulile

Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi, Ubufakazi Besiteki, Ubufakazi Besikhathi Esidlulile, Yini leyo? Ku-blockchain enikeziwe, amabhulokhi axhunyaniswa ngokulandelana kwawo ukuze kungabikho okwenziwayo okukhona okungahle kulungiswe noma kuhlehliswe. Ukunwetshwa kochungechunge akuqondisindlela ngakunye. Okusho ukuthi ukwengeza amabhlogo amasha kuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvuselela a blockchain. Kumanethiwekhi omphakathi, noma iyiphi i-node ingafaneleka ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamabhulokhi amasha. Kungumsebenzi we i-algorithm yokuvumelana yokunquma yiziphi izindawo eziba "abavukuzi" noma abaqinisekisi.

Indlela yokuvumelana ibalulekile. Ivikela isistimu kumanodi anonya angase ephule ngamabomu imithetho echazwe ngaphambilini noma azame ukwenza imisebenzi engamanga noma ukuhlaselwa kwesiteji kwe-Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). Ukuze siqonde lo mshini, kufanele siqonde lezi zintathu: Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi, Ubufakazi Besiteki, Ubufakazi Besikhathi Esidlulile.

Kulesi sihloko ngikukhombisa umehluko phakathi Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi, Ubufakazi Besiteki, Ubufakazi Besikhathi Esidlulile. Kodwa okokuqala, lapha ukuqeqeshwa kwe-crypto-Jackpot okukuvumela ukuthi ucebe ngama-cryptocurrencies.

Asihambe

Buyini Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi noma Ubufakazi bomsebenzi?

Ukwehlukaniswa kwezindawo kwaba yingxenye esemqoka yombono wokuqala wezimali ze-crypto. Ukufeza lokhu, kwadingeka kutholakale indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezikhungo zezezimali. Isixazululo sokuqala sale nselele sabizwa ngokuthi ubufakazi bomsebenzi noma Ubufakazi bomsebenzi.

La Ubufakazi bomsebenzi (I-PoW) iwuhlobo lokwengeza amabhlokhi amasha okwenziwayo ku-blockchain ye-cryptocurrency. Umsebenzi, kulokhu, ukukhiqiza i-hash efana ne-hash ehlosiwe yebhulokhi yamanje. Umvukuzi ophumelelayo we-cryptocurrency uthola ilungelo lokwengeza lelo bhulokhi ku-blockchain futhi athole imivuzo.

I-cryptocurrency ngayinye ingumnikazi noma iguqukela ku-blockchain, okuyirejista yomphakathi eyakhiwe ngamabhulokhi wokuthengiselana. Nge-cryptocurrencies yohlobo "ubufakazi-of-umsebenzi", ibhulokhi ngayinye yokuthengiselana ine-hashi ethile. Ukuze ibhulokhi iqinisekiswe, umvukuzi we-cryptocurrency kufanele akhiqize i-hash eqondiwe engaphansi noma elingana naleyo yebhulokhi.

Ukwenza lokhu, abavukuzi basebenzisa imishini yezimayini ekhiqiza ngokushesha izibalo. Umgomo uwukuba umvukuzi wokuqala ukuthola i-hashi ehlosiwe, njengoba yibona abangabuyekeza i-blockchain futhi bathole imiklomelo ye-cryptocurrency.

Uma ubufakazi bomsebenzi busebenza kahle kuma-cryptocurrencies, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuthola i-hash ehlosiwe, kodwa hhayi ukuyiqinisekisa. Inqubo inzima ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukukhohliswa kwamarekhodi okwenziwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma ihashi eliqondiwe selitholakele, kulula kwabanye abavukuzi ukuthi baliqinisekise.

Ubufakazi Besampula Bomsebenzi

Nasi isibonelo sendlela i-Bitcoin esebenzisa ngayo ubufakazi bomsebenzi ukuze igcine ubuqotho be-blockchain yayo.

Lapho ukuthengiselana kwe-Bitcoin kwenzeka, badlula isheke lokuphepha futhi banqwabelaniswe ebhulokhini elizombiwa. I-algorithm yobufakazi bomsebenzi ye-Bitcoin bese ikhiqiza i-hash yebhulokhi. I-algorithm esetshenziswa yi-Bitcoin yile ebizwa nge-SHA-256, futhi ihlala ikhiqiza ama-hashe anezinhlamvu ezingu-64.

Abavukuzi bajaha ukuba ngabokuqala ukukhiqiza i-hash eqondiwe ephansi kune-block hash. Owinile angakwazi ukwengeza ibhulokhi yokugcina yokuthengiselana ku-Bitcoin blockchain. Uphinde athole imiklomelo ye-bitcoin ngohlobo lwezinhlamvu zemali ezisanda kwenziwa kanye nezimali zokuthengiselana. Ukunikezwa okuphezulu kwe-bitcoin kusethwe ku 21 million izingcezu, kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, abavukuzi bazoqhubeka nokuthola izimali zokuthengiselana ngomsebenzi wabo.

I-algorithm yobufakazi bomsebenzi esetshenziswa yi-Bitcoin ihlose ukwengeza ibhulokhi entsha njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10. Lokhu ikwenza ngokulungisa ubunzima bezimayini ze-bitcoin ngokusekelwe ekutheni abavukuzi bangeza kanjani amabhlogo ngokushesha. Uma imayini ishesha kakhulu, ukubala kwe-hashi kuba nzima kakhulu. Uma ihamba kancane kakhulu, iba lula.

Uyini uProf of Stake noma Ubufakazi Besigxobo?

Abathuthukisi be-Ethereum baqonde kusenesikhathi ukuthi ubufakazi bokusebenza buzoletha imingcele yokulinganisa ezogcina idinga ukunqotshwa - futhi ngempela, njengezivumelwano ezezimali ezisatshalaliswa (noma i-DeFi) enikwe amandla yi-Ethereum ikhule ekuthandeni, i-blockchain iye yazabalaza ukuqhubeka, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu.

UProf of Stake (PoS) uye wavela njengenye indlela ye-PoW. Naphezu kwempumelelo yokuqala ye-bitcoin, i-PoW ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nesidingo se-throughput ephakeme, futhi kamuva ama-blockchains adinga ukulinganisa okukhulu kanye namazinga okuthenga ngokushesha.

Ukwengeza, amasistimu e-PoW agcina edinga amanani amakhulu wamandla wamandla ekhompyutha asetshenziswa abavukuzi. I-algorithm ye-PoS yethulwa okokuqala ngo-2011 Bitcointalk. I-Peercoin kwaba ngeyokuqala ukuyithatha ihlanganiswe ne-PoW, kodwa i-algorithm yokuvumelana yasabalala ngokushesha kuzo zonke izinhlobo zayo.

Ngokungafani namanethiwekhi we-PoW athembele kubavukuzi, ama-blockchains anamandla e-PoS agcinwa ngabaqinisekisi. Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ku-POS ibizwa ngokuthi “UKWAKHA“. Uma i-node ifisa ukubamba iqhaza enqubweni yokudala ibhulokhi, okudingeka ikwenze nje ukubeka uphawu lwendabuko. Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa ugesi noma ukuthenga izinto zokusebenza ezikhethekile.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kukaProf of Work kanye noProf of Stake

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungomunye womehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokuvumelana. Njengoba i-blockchains ku-Prof of Stake ingadingi abavukuzi ukuthi basebenzise ugesi ezinqubweni ezingasasebenzi (ukuncintisana ukuxazulula iphazili efanayo), uProf of Stake uvumela amanethiwekhi ukuthi asebenze ngokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza okuncane kakhulu.

Zombili izindlela zokuvumelana zinemiphumela yezomnotho ejezisa ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi futhi ibhuntshise abalingisi abanonya. Endabeni yobufakazi bomsebenzi, inhlawulo yabavukuzi abaletha ulwazi olungavumelekile noma amabhulokhi izindleko ezishisiwe zamandla ekhompyutha, amandla, nesikhathi.

Ngokuphathelene ne-prof of stake, izimali ze-crypto ezifakwe ngabaqinisekisi zisebenza njengesisusa somnotho sokwenza izinto ezithakazelisa inethiwekhi. Uma ngabe umgunyazi wamukela ibhulokhi embi, ingxenye yemali ayifake esitekweni “izonqunywa” njengenhlawulo. Inani elingehliswa umqinisekisi lincike kunethiwekhi.

Buyini Ubufakazi Besikhathi Esidlulile?

Eyaziwa nangokuthi IMBONGI, lokhu kuvumelana akuwona neze izinkondlo! I-algorithm isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-blockchain avunyelwe njenge-Hyperledger. I-PoET isebenzisa ukukhetha okungahleliwe okufana nelotho ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi indawo ezowina ibhulokhi entsha.

I-PoET iqale ukusetshenziswa ku-Hyperledger Sawtooth ngo-2016/2017, yethulwe ngabakwa-Intel. I-" kwabancane »kumele aqale ajoyine inethiwekhi, athole isitifiketi sobulungu. Uma sebekunethiwekhi, ama-node kufanele alinde isikhathi esithile esinqunywa ngokungahleliwe. Umvukuzi kufanele alinde okungenani isikhathi esimisiwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukumba ibhulokhi entsha ku-blockchain.

Ku-PoET, umvukuzi onesilinganiso esincane sesikhathi ukhethwa ukuthi enze umsebenzi wokumba izimayini ngalowo mzuliswano. Uhlelo luvame ukulunga futhi lukhetha abavukuzi abanezinga elihle lokungahleliwe. Awudli ugesi omningi futhi abavukuzi bayakwazi” ukuzela » ngenkathi sisalinde isikhathi sabo.

I-POeT isekelwe kumaphrosesa akhethekile athuthukiswe yi-Intel ebizwa ngokuthi i-SGX – Software Guard Extensions. I-SGX ivumela ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwememori ye-CPU engakwazi ukufinyelelwa noma ilungiswe. Lezi zingxenye zibizwa nangokuthi ama-enclave futhi zingenza imiyalo ehlukene kanye nokubethela kwememori.

Ama-enclave kuphela angafinyelela futhi aguqule agcinwe kule ngxenye. Ikhodi ibethelwe futhi ayikwazi ukufinyelelwa ngaphandle kwe-enclave. Okuyenza ivikeleke kakhulu ezinqubweni ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-enclave.

En Isiphetho

Indlela ye-POeT idala isikhathi sokulinda esingahleliwe somvukuzi, futhi umvukuzi uthola isibali-sikhathi esisayiniwe kukhodi yokwethenjwa ye-SGX. Ngemva kokulinda ukuthi kudlule isikhathi, umntwana uthola isitifiketi esishoyo ukuthi ulinde isikhathi esidingekayo. Uma ibhulokhi sekumbiwa, umvukuzi usakaza ibhulokhi ngesitifiketi. Ngokuya ngokuthi i-blockchain yaklanywa kanjani, umvukuzi angathola noma angawutholi umvuzo ngomsebenzi.

Yilokhu okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ku-blockchain. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, nakhu a qedela ukuqeqeshwa kokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi ongazithenga.