Umhleli wezezimali angakusiza kanjani?

Ukuhlelwa kwezimali kwenziwa nsuku zonke, kuyilapho kuhlonipha amakhono akho nezinto eziza kuqala kuwe. Izehlakalo zempilo ngokuvamile azibikezeli. Uhlelo oluhle lwezezimali luyaguquguquka futhi kufanele lubonise izifiso zakho kanye neqiniso lakho. Umhleli wezezimali ukusiza ukuthi uthuthukise i- isabelomali somshado wakho Ngokwesibonelo.

Kulesi sihloko, Finance de Demain ikwethulela indima yomhleli wezezimali. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, nansi imfundo ephelele yokuhweba kuwe.

🥀 Wenzani umhleli wezezimali?

Umhleli wezezimali ukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyini imigomo yakho yezezimali. Kukusiza ukuthi uthuthukise uhlelo ukuze uzifeze. Noma ngabe ilondolozela ikhaya elisha,ukutshala imali yomhlalaphansi, ubeke eceleni imali yemfundo yezingane zakho, unqume ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo yomshuwalense oyidingayo, noma konke okungenhla.

Bahlaziya zonke izici zesimo sakho sezezimali futhi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe babo nokuqonda ukuze bakusize uchaze futhi ufeze imigomo yakho. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise amasu okuthi ukubuyiselwa kwesikweletu, ukwabiwa kwempahla efanele kwama-akhawunti akho omhlalaphansi, njll.

🥀 Umhleli Wezezimali vs Umeluleki Wezezimali

Imigomo umhleli wezezimali et umeluleki wezezimali zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Eqinisweni, zombili izinhlobo zochwepheshe zinikeza izinsizakalo zokuhlela zezezimali ezisiza amaklayenti ukufeza izinhloso zawo zezezimali.

abeluleki bezezimali, nokho, ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengesigaba esibanzi kakhulu. Bangochwepheshe abalawula ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho, bahlele ukufakwa komshwalense futhi basebenze njengomthengisi wamasheya, ngaphezu kokunikeza izinsizakalo zokuhlela zezimali. Abahleli bezezimali balinganisela kumasevisi aqondiswe kakhulu.

🥀 Izinhlobo Zomhleli Wezezimali

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi " umhleli wezezimali ngokwalo igama elijwayelekile elingalawulwa. Noma ubani angazibiza ngomhleli wezezimali futhi anikeze izinsizakalo zokuhlela zezimali.

Abanye bangase bagxile ezicini ezithile zokuhlela njengokuthatha umhlalaphansi noma ukuphathwa kwentela. Abanye, nokho, bathatha indlela ebanzi. Abambalwa bangase bangakufiseli okungcono kakhulu futhi kungcono ukubagwema.

✔️ I-Fiduciary Financial Planner

Umhleli wezezimali othembekile kudingeka enze ngendlela ezuzisa ikhasimende lakhe. Igama elithi fiduciary duty lisho ukuthi umhleli kudingeka abeke izithakazelo zezezimali zeklayenti lakhe ngaphambi kwezakhe.

Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, umhleli wezezimali othembekile kufanele anikeze amakhasimende akhe izixazululo ezingcono kakhulu ngentengo ephansi. Lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinkokhelo noma amakhomishini atholwa umhleli, kuklayenti noma eminye imithombo.

Abanye abahleli bezezimali babanjwe kuphela ezingeni elanele. Ngaphansi kwezinga lokufaneleka, izincomo zomhleli wezezimali kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo zakho. Kodwa bavunyelwe ukuncoma imikhiqizo noma amasevisi akukhokhisa imali ephakeme noma uwazuzele amakhomishini aphezulu kunemikhiqizo efanayo.

Lapho ukhetha umhleli wezezimali, inqubomgomo engcono kakhulu njalo ukukhetha umphathiswa ukuze wazi ukuthi imikhiqizo namasevisi abawatusayo angcono kakhulu kuwe, hhayi wona.

✔️ Umhleli Wezezimali Oqinisekisiwe (CFP)

I-Certified Financial Planner iyisitifiketi somkhakha esinezidingo eziqinile zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezilungiselela ngokugcwele izitifiketi ukuze zinikeze izinsiza zokuhlela zezezimali eziphelele.

Ngokuphawulekayo, wonke ama-CFP kufanele asebenze njengama-trustee, futhi amaningi asebenza ngezindleko ezikhokhwayo kuphela. Okusho ukuthi bazokhokhelwa nguwe kuphela, hhayi ngemikhiqizo abayiphakamisayo.

Ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa kwabo okubanzi kanye nezindinganiso zokwethembeka, Ama-CFP ayizinsika zomphakathi wokuhlela imali nalapho amaklayenti amaningi ekhetha ukuqala uhambo lwawo lokuhlela izimali.

✔️ Investment Advisor

Abeluleki bezokutshalwa kwezimali ngabantu noma amafemu asiza amakhasimende ukuthi athenge futhi adayise izibambiso futhi angase anikeze iseluleko sezezimali. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezihlukaniswa kakhulu ngokuya ngokuthi ziyahambisana yini nezinga lokwanela noma izinga le-fiduciary:

Abameleli Ababhalisiwe: Abameleli Ababhalisiwe bathenga futhi badayise izibambiso egameni lamakhasimende abo futhi ngokuvamile banikezwe ilayisense amafemu okuhweba ababaqashayo. Njengoba unabameleli abaningi ababhalisiwe, wenza izinqumo futhi ummeleli umane azenze.

Nokho, abanye bazethula njengabacebisi bezezimali noma abahleli bezimali. Uma ukhetha ukusebenza Nomele Obhalisiwe ohlinzeka ngezeluleko zezezimali, khumbula ukuthi zigcinwe kuphela ezingeni lokufaneleka, okungase kuthinte imikhiqizo namasevisi abakunikeza wona.

Abamele abeluleki bezokutshalwa kwezimali: Abamele Abeluleki Bezokutshalwa Kwezimali (ama-IAR) baqashwe yizinkampani ezibizwa ngokuthi Abacebisi Bezimali Ababhalisiwe (RIAs), okuyizinkampani ezihlinzeka ngeseluleko sezezimali kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhlela.

Ngokungafani nabameleli ababhalisiwe, ama-RAI agcinwe ezingeni le-fiduciary. Abaningi bangase babe nemininingwane eyengeziwe, njengama-CFP, ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo okuhlela ngokwezimali.

✔️ Robo-umeluleki

Abeluleki be-Robo bahlinzeka ngokuphathwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okuzenzakalelayo. Iningi likufaka kuphothifoliyo yokutshala imali echazwe ngaphambilini ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni zakho kanye nokuzimisela ukubeka engcupheni abazokuphatha futhi bakugcinele yona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lawa mabhothi angama-RIA ngokobuchwepheshe, okusho ukuthi aphinde agcinwe ezingeni le-fiduciary, futhi abengeziwe abengeza iminikelo yabo ezenzakalelayo ngokuhlela okubanzi kwezezimali okunikezwa abahleli babantu nama-CFP.

Uma ungumtshali-zimali osanda kuzalwa odinga kuphela izinsiza zomhleli wezezimali ngezikhathi ezithile, le ndlela eyingxube ingase ifaneleke.

✔️ umphathi wengcebo

Empeleni, abaphathi bengcebo bangabahleli bezezimali kubantu abanenani eliphezulu. Ngenxa yekhasimende abasebenza nalo, ngokuvamile basebenza ngokukhethekile ezicini zokuhlelwa kwezimali ezivame ukuba nomthelela kwabacebile, njengokuhlela izindlu, ukuhlela umthetho, nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele ukuze kugcinwe impahla.

Njengegama elithi umhleli wezezimali, imenenja yengcebo ayilawulwa, okusho ukuthi noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unaziphi izicucu, angazibiza ngokuthi umphathi wengcebo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanye kuphela, kodwa hhayi bonke, abaphathi bengcebo abangabaphathiswa.

🥀 Ingabe udinga umhleli wezezimali?

Nakuba cishe wonke umuntu angazuza ezinkonzweni zomhleli wezezimali, iqiniso liwukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu angase adinge eyodwa. Uma izimali zakho zilula, okusho ukuthi uyasebenza, unokonga, futhi ufaka imali ku-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi, ungase ungadingi umhleli wezezimali.

Nokho, umhleli wezezimali angakusiza uma izimali zakho ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma isimo sakho sishintsha, njengokuthi:

✔️ Uthola i-windfall ebalulekile

Uma uthola ukuthutheleka kwemali kungazelelwe, njengebhonasi enkulu yomsebenzi noma ifa ngemva kokushona kothandekayo, umhleli wezezimali uzosebenzisana nawe ukuze enze uhlelo lwemali ukuze ukwazi ukufeza izinhloso zakho.

✔️ Iholo lakho liyashintsha

Uma uthola umsebenzi omusha oshintsha kakhulu iholo lakho, umhleli wezezimali angakusiza wenze isabelomali esisha futhi ulungise iminikelo yakho yomhlalaphansi.

✔️ Uyashada

Uma ushada, wena nalowo ozoshada naye ningase nihlangane nomhleli wezezimali ukuze nixoxe ngendlela yokulawula izikweletu ezikhona, ukonga ikhaya elisha, noma ukuhlela izingane esikhathini esizayo.

✔️ udivosa

Abahleli bezimali bangakusiza futhi ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima, njengesehlukaniso. Ngokusebenza nomhleli wezezimali ogxile ezehlukaniso, ungathola usizo lokunquma isondlo sezingane kanye nesondlo, ukuhlukanisa izimpahla zomuntu siqu, nokuqonda imithetho yentela.

✔️ Kufika ingane entsha emndenini

Uma uhlela ukutholwa noma ukubeletha, umhleli wezezimali angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwemishwalense yempilo oyidingayo nokuthi ungayilondolozela kanjani imfundo yasekolishi yengane yakho.

🥀 Indlela yokukhetha umhleli wezezimali 

Uma unquma ukuthi ukusebenza nomhleli wezezimali kuyisinqumo esilungile kuwe, kunezinto ezimbalwa ozofuna ukuzibheka:

✔️ Ukwethembeka nokwethenjwa

Ngenxa yokuthi noma ubani angazibiza ngomhleli wezezimali, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iziqinisekiso ezihlonishwa kakhulu, njengalezi:

I-CFP: I-CFP ihlomele kahle ukukusiza ukuthi uhlele zonke izici zempilo yakho yezezimali. Uma ufuna usizo olujwayelekile ekulawuleni izimali zakho, i-CFP iyindawo enhle yokuqala njengoba bonke kufanele bahlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile futhi basebenze njengabaphatheli bamakhasimende abo.

I-CPA: I-Certified Public Accountant (CPA) ugxile ekuhleleni intela futhi unelayisensi esifundazweni sakhe. Uma ufuna usizo lokuphatha imali engenayo ekhokhiswa intela noma ukunciphisa lokho okukweletayo ngesikhathi sentela, ungase ufune ukuphendukela ku-CPA.

I-CFA: I-Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) angakwazi ukusebenza njengomhleli wezezimali, nakuba iningi likhetha ukusiza amabhizinisi ukuphatha izimali zawo, kunokusebenzisa abathengi ngabanye.

Sesikushilo lokho, uma uhlangabezana ne-CFA enikezela ngezinsizakalo zokuhlela zezimali, yazi ukuthi baphumelele izivivinyo eziningi eziqinile zemboni futhi banesipiliyoni seminyaka yobungcweti esibenza bafanelekele lesi sihloko.

✔️ Umsebenzi we-fiduciary

Uma ungeyena uchwepheshe wezezimali ngokwakho, cishe awujwayelene nokuvela nokuphuma kwemikhiqizo eminingi yezezimali kanye namakhodi ayo entela ahlobene. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nochwepheshe ozokuqondisa kule nqubo onentshisekelo yakho yezezimali kuphela enhliziyweni.

Ngeshwa, akubona bonke abahleli bezezimali abathembekile. Abanye banikeza iseluleko kuphela ngemikhiqizo abayithengisayo, njengokutshalwa kwezimali okuthile noma ama-akhawunti omshwalense. Bangaphinde bakuqondise emikhiqizweni ezobazuzela amakhomishini aphezulu.

✔️ Isakhiwo sokukhokha

Abahleli bezezimali bangakhokhelwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Abanye bathembele kumakhomishini avela emikhiqizweni abayitusayo; abanye bakhokhisa iphesenti lezimpahla abakuphathayo. Kanti abanye bakhokhisa ngehora noma ngenyanga noma ngonyaka.

Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi umhleli wakho wezezimali uzokhokhelwa kanjani ngamasevisi abo ngaphambi kokuthi uxhumane naye. Ngisho nama-CFP ajwayelekile angase asebenze ngokukhethekile ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamaklayenti, njengodokotela, abameli, noma labo abanezikweletu eziphakeme zokubolekwa kwabafundi.

Buza abangaba abahleli bezezimali mayelana nezinhlobo zabantu abavame ukusebenza nabo. Futhi buza mayelana nezinhlobo zezinsizakalo abavame ukuzihlinzeka. Ngale ndlela, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ukhetha uchwepheshe onolwazi olunzulu ngezinhlobo zezinkinga zezimali obhekana nazo.

🥀 Isiphetho

Ukuvumelana okuphelele kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko kunzima ukukufeza ngokwenza. Kungakho ukuhlelwa kwemali ebekiwe ngokuvamile kuhloswe esikhwameni semali esihlosiwe noma umkhawulo wemali ebekiwe yezindlela zokukhokha.

Izidingo ezithile ze-liquidity zemikhakha ngayinye yizona ezinquma inani lalezi zimali ezigciniwe. Umhleli wezezimali ukusiza ukuthi uhlanganise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho. Manje usuyazi indima yomhleli wezezimali.

Uma ungomunye wochwepheshe kulo mkhakha, bese usishiyela isipiliyoni sakho kumazwana. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe, nakhu ukuqeqeshwa okukuvumela ukuthi ukwazi ukuphatha kahle izimali zakho.