Imiqondo eyinhloko ye-Islamic Finance

Kuyinjabulo yangempela ukukubona futhi kule bhulogi. Wamukelekile njalo. Namuhla ngifisa ukwazi ukuthi ngabe ungumthandi wezezimali wamaSulumane. Uma kunjalo, usendaweni efanele; kungenjalo funda kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngethula kini imiqondo yezezimali zamaSulumane. Le mibono ebalulekile izokuvumela ukuthi wazi izisekelo zezimali zamaSulumane.

Ngincoma ukuthi ufunde kuze kube sekupheleni. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukulawula izimali zakho emavikini ayi-6 kuphela, Ngikunikeza lo mhlahlandlela osebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, nansi ukuqeqeshwa okukuvumela ukuthi ukwenze zuza i-1000euros/ngosuku ku-5euros.com.

Imiqondo engu-49 ebalulekile yezezimali zamaSulumane

➤ I-Al-Ajr

Kubhekiselwe kukhomishana ezinkokhelweni noma enkolweni efakwe ku-invoyisi yemisebenzi eyenziwayo. 

➤ Al-Rahn Al

Kuwuhlelo lapho impahla ebalulekile ibekwa njengesibambiso sesikweletu. Iwaranti ingase idluliswe uma kwenzeka iphutha.

➤ Al Wadia

Ukuthengiswa kabusha kwezimpahla ezinesaphulelo senani elikhonjisiwe ekuqaleni. 

➤ Amana/Amana

Ngokwezwi nezwi u-Amana ubhekisela ekuthembekeni, ekuthembekeni, ekuthembekeni. Ngobuchwepheshe: inani elibalulekile lomphakathi wamaSulumane ebudlelwaneni bokuzwana.

Leli gama liphinde libhekisele kumadiphozithi e-escrow. Umuntu angabamba indawo egameni lomunye, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuvumelana nenkontileka. 

➤ Bai al Dayn

Lokhu ukuxhasa ngezimali izikweletu. Okusho ukuthi, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza zezezimali ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni, ekuhwebeni nasezinsizeni ngendlela yokuthengisa/ukuthengwa kwemibhalo yezohwebo.

I-Bai al-Dayn iyisikhungo sesikhathi esifushane esinokuvuthwa okungedluli unyaka owodwa. Amadokhumenti amele izikweletu kuphela ezivela ekwenziweni kwezentengiselwano okuyiqiniso okungaxoxwa ngawo. 

➤ I-Bai Al-Arboon/'Arbun

Kuyinkontileka yokuthengisa lapho idiphozi yesibambiso yenziwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kukhokhwa ingxenye yentengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithengiwe. Le diphozithi iyagcinwa uma umthengi ehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zakhe. Le nkontileka ifana nenketho yekholi yakudala.

➤ Bai Bithaman Ajil

Kuyinkontileka yokuthengiswa kwempahla enenkokhelo ehlehlisiwe. Ibhange lithenga izimpahla ezinkulu noma okuthengiswayo okucelwe ikhasimende bese limdayisela futhi ngentengo okuvunyelwene ngayo, kanye nenzuzo yalo.

Ikhasimende lingakhokha ngezitolimende ezimbalwa esikhathini esichazwe ngaphambilini, noma ngenkokhelo eyodwa. Le nkontileka iyafana neyenkontileka yaseMurabaha kodwa ihoxiswa. 

➤ I-Bai Muajjal (inkontileka yokukhokha ehlehlisiwe)

Kuyinkontileka ehlinzeka ngokudayiswa kwezimpahla ezinenkokhelo ehlehlisiwe. Ibhange noma umhlinzeki wemali uthenga izimpahla (izimpahla) egameni lenkampani. Ibhange libe selidayisela ikhasimende izimpahla ngentengo okuvunyelwene ngayo kanye nenani lenzuzo.

Inkampani ingakhokha ibhalansi ephelele ngedethi ekamuva noma yenze izinkokhelo zesitolimende esikhathini esishiwo kusengaphambili. Le nkontileka ifana nenkontileka yaseMurabaha ngoba nayo iyindali yezikweletu. 

➤ Le Bai/Bay'

Yigama elisho ukuthengisa. Isetshenziswa njengesiqalo lapho kubhekiselwa ezindleleni ezihlukene zokuxhasa ngezimali kwamaSulumane. I-Bai al-Dayn isibonelo.

➤ Baitul Mal

Kungumqondo obhekisela emalini

➤ Charia

Kuyiqoqo lemibhalo elawula impilo yeMuslim. Kungumthetho wamaSulumane othathwe embhalweni ongcwele weKoran kanye neSunnah.

➤ Iyahambisana neSharia 

Kuwuphawu lomsebenzi othathwa njengothobelana neShariah.

➤ IKomidi lokuthobela iShariah (Ibhodi leSharia)

Kuyikomiti lochwepheshe bezomthetho wamaSulumane elinikeza izeluleko esikhungweni sezimali samaSulumane mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ethobela iSharia. 

Iphinde iqinisekise ukuthi imisebenzi eyenziwa yibhange ihambisana nomthetho weSharia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ungeqi ngaphezu kwalesi sihloko, thintana nendatshana yethu Ngamandla Nobuthakathaka Bokulawulwa kwe-Sharia ku-Islamic Banking.

➤ ngobunyoninco

Kuyinto umbhalo ongcwele Islam. Ihlanganisa ndawonye ngendlela yama- suras namavesi izambulo uNkulunkulu azenza kumprofethi u-Mohammad ngengelosi uGabriyeli cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili (612-632 AD).

Kumakholwa amaSulumane, iQuran ingukukhanya kokuphila. Yingakho lo mbhalo uthathwa njengomthombo wokuqala womthetho wamaSulumane

➤ Dayn

I-Dayn igama lesikweletu ezezimali zamaSulumane. Lezi zikweletu azinayo inzalo.

➤ I-Dirham

Iyunithi yezimali, ngokuvamile uhlamvu lwesiliva, olwalusetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule emazweni amaningana amaSulumane futhi isethenda esemthethweni kwamanye alawa mazwe, njenge-Morocco ne-United Arab Emirates.

➤ Fatwa

Kungumbono, umbono ovezwe ngongoti zomthetho wamaSulumane. 

➤ I-Fiqh

Lokhu umthetho we-Islamic jurisprudence. Ibizwa nangokuthi isayensi yeSharia. Iwumthombo obalulekile womnotho wamaSulumane. 

➤ I-Gharar

Kubhekiselwa ekungaqiniseki. Lokhu kungenye yezivimbelo ezintathu ezibalulekile kwezezimali zamaSulumane. I-Gharar ingumphumela ongaqinisekile obangelwa imigomo engaqondakali ehlobene nezinkontileka zokushintshanisa phambili. 

➤ IHadith

Nansi indaba; i-akhawunti yomlando yegama, isenzo, isenzo, ukungenzi, ukuvunyelwa nguMprofethi uMuhammad.

➤ I-Haram

Kuyisimilo sakho konke okungekho emthethweni. Noma yini engekho emthethweni ayikho emthethweni ngakho-ke i-haram.

➤ IHawala

Ngokwezwi nezwi leli gama lisho umthethosivivinywa wokuhwebelana, inothi lesithembiso, isheke noma okusalungiswa. Ngokobuchwepheshe umkweleti udlulisela umthwalo wemfanelo wokukhokha isikweletu sakhe kumuntu wesithathu onguye ngokwakhe omkweletayo. Ngakho-ke isibopho sokukhokha siseceleni kwesithathu.

I-Hawala iwumshini ovumela ukukhokhwa kwama-akhawunti omhlaba ngokudluliswa kwezimali. Isusa kakhulu isidingo sokudluliswa kwemali ngokomzimba. Kubhekiselwa ku isimangalo ezitholakala ezezimali zendabuko.

➤ Uklebe 

Lo mqondo ubhekisela onyakeni wenyanga.

➤ Ijara

Kuyinkontileka yokuqashisa lapho ibhange lithengela ikhasimende impahla bese liyiqashisa isikhathi esinqunyiwe. 

➤ Ijara-wa-Iqtina

Ifana ne-Ijara ethulwe ngenhla, umehluko wokuthi ikhasimende linenketho yokuthenga okuhle ekupheleni kwenkontileka. 

➤ Ijma

Lezi yizivumelwano, izivumelwano ezifanayo phakathi kwazo zonke izifundiswa zeFiqh zenkathi. Ingenye yemithombo emine yeFiqh.

➤ Okungajwayelekile

Kuyinkontileka lapho umenzi avuma khona ukukhiqiza nokuletha okuhle noma ukwakhiwa ngentengo enikeziwe ngedethi ethile yesikhathi esizayo. 

➤ Jahala ukungazi

Leli gama lisetshenziswa lapho, ngesikhathi sokuphela kwenkontileka yokuthengisa, intengo ingaziwa.

➤ Ju'alal

Ngokwezwi nezwi isho inani elichazwe ekuhlinzekweni kwesevisi. Leli gama ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziswa ngomqondo wezobuchwepheshe kumodeli yasebhange yamaSulumane. 

➤ kafalah

Kuyinkontileka yesiqinisekiso lapho umuntu wesithathu eqinisekisa isikweletu se-ejenti enezikweletu. Isibopho sesikweletu sibhekene nombolekisi ngaleyo ndlela sisemaceleni amabili enkontileka. Njengenkontileka ye-Hawala, i-Kafala ayikhiqizi izindleko ezingaphezu kwezindleko zokuphatha.

➤ Maysir

Yigama elisho ukugembula. Okukodwa kwemikhawulo emithathu eyisisekelo kwezezimali zamaSulumane. Ingenye yemikhawulo emithathu emikhulu yezimali zamaSulumane eduze kweRibâ neGharar.

Ukuvinjelwa kukaMaysir kuvame ukusebenza njengesisekelo sokugxekwa kwemikhuba yezezimali yendabuko njengokuqagela, umshwalense wendabuko kanye nokuphuma kokunye. 

➤ Mudaraba

Kuyinkontileka yobudlelwano bokutshalwa kwezimali phakathi kwebhange nekhasimende lalo. Kuyindlela yokuxhasa ngezimali esetshenziswa amabhange ama-Islamic lapho inhlokodolobha ihlinzekwa ngokugcwele yibhange kuyilapho elinye iqembu liphethe iphrojekthi.

Inzuzo yabiwa ngokokhiye wokusabalalisa olungiswe kusenesikhathi futhi noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa kutholwa ngumtshali-zimali. 

➤ I-Mudarib

Kunkontileka, umuntu noma iqembu elisebenza njengosonkontileka libizwa nge-Mudarib. 

➤ Muqayada

Kuyinkontileka yokushintshisana ngenani x lempahla eluhlaza ngokumelene nenani y lenye impahla eluhlaza okungabandakanyi ukushintshana kwemali. Amanani anqunyelwe ngokwesisekelo senani lemakethe lempahla edayisiwe.

➤ UMurabaha

Kuyinkontileka yezimali esayinwe phakathi kwebhange nekhasimende lalo. Kuwuhlobo lwesikweletu oluvumela ikhasimende ukuthi lithenge ngaphandle kokuthi lithathe imali ebolekiwe enenzalo. Ibhange lithenga impahla bese liyidayisela ikhasimende ngokuhlehliswa. 

➤ Musawama

Ingachazwa njengenkontileka yokuthengisa yakudala lapho umthengi engayazi imajini yenzuzo esetshenziswa umdayisi.

➤ Musharaka

Uzakwethu wezezimali ofana ngandlela thize ne-Moudharaba lapho izimo zokwabelana ngenzuzo zichazwa kusengaphambili futhi ukulahlekelwa kuhambisana nenani elitshaliwe. Kuwuhlobo lwemali yokutshalwa kwezimali. 

➤ Nissab 

Kuwumkhawulo wentela umuntu akhokha ngawo iZakat. Ilingana namagremu angama-85 egolide noma ingcebo elinganiselwa kuma-euro ayi-1500. Izinga lentela le-Zakat lingama-2,54%.

➤ Qadi Hasan

Lezi yimalimboleko yenzuzo, ngaphandle kwenzalo noma inzuzo. Ifana kakhulu nosizo kunekhredithi yezohwebo. Le nqubo ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa yizikhungo zezentengiselwano.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile (uma kwenzeka kuba nobunzima bomuntu ngamunye noma inkampani, noma lapho sifisa ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhakha ekhulayo).

➤ URab Al Maal

Ngokungafani ne-Mudarib enkontilekeni ye-mudaraba (usomabhizinisi), u-Rab-al-maal ngumuntu otshala inhlokodolobha. 

➤ Rahn

Kuyinkontileka lapho i-ejenti iqinisekisa isikweletu ngesibambiso (isibambiso). Lolu hlobo lwenkontileka luhlose ukunciphisa ubungozi bomunye umuntu obuthwa umbolekisi. Inzuzo yale nkontileka ukuthi ivumela umenzeli ukuthi ethule impahla yakhe njengesibambiso kuyilapho egcina ukusetshenziswa nobunikazi bakhe.

➤ Riba

Lokhu ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kwezezimali zamaSulumane. Kungeminye yemithetho emithathu enqatshelwe ezimalini zamaSulumane eceleni kukaGharar noMaysir. Ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukwanda noma ukwengeza okungekho emthethweni.

Ngobuchwepheshe, noma yikuphi ukukhushulwa noma inzuzo etholwe ngumbolekisi okuwumbandela wemali mboleko. Noma yiliphi izinga elingenabungozi noma “eliqinisekisiwe” lembuyiselo yemalimboleko noma utshalomali liwela ngaphansi kwe-Ribâ.

➤ Salam

Kuyinkontileka ehlinzeka ngokukhokhwa kusengaphambili kwezimpahla ezilethwe kamuva. Eqinisweni iSalam iyindali yesikweletu ehlanekezelwe. Okusho ukuthi, ikhasimende likhokhela izimpahla namuhla futhi lizithole kamuva ngemva kokukhiqizwa noma ukukhiqizwa.

Nakuba kungekho ukudayiswa okungenzeka uma izimpahla zingekho ngesikhathi senkontileka, lolu hlobo lokuthengisa luhlukile ngaphansi koMthetho wamaSulumane.

Kugunyazwe inqobo nje uma izimpahla kanye nosuku lokulethwa kuchaziwe. Lolu hlobo lokuthengisa ngokuvamile luhilela izinto ezibonakalayo, ngaphandle kwegolide nesiliva, okubhekwa njengenani lemali.   

➤ sukuk

Lezi yizibopho zamaSulumane. Ngokufanayo nebhondi esekelwa impahla, i-Sukuk iyiphepha lezentengiselwano elinikeza umtshali-zimali isabelo sobunikazi bempahla eyisisekelo futhi limqinisekisa ngemali engenayo ngaleyo ndlela.

Ibhizinisi elikhiphayo kufanele likhombe izimpahla ezikhona ezizodayiselwa abatshalizimali bakwaSukuk, ngokudluliselwa ebhizinisini lenjongo ekhethekile.

Abatshalizimali babe sebejabulela ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimpahla, ngokulingana nemali abayitshalile. Ngokuvamile zithwala ingcuphe yekhredithi yomnikezi kunengozi yangempela ehlotshaniswa nezimpahla eziphethwe yibhizinisi lenjongo ekhethekile.

I-Sukuk ingafakwa ohlwini futhi ikalwe ngokuya ngemakethe eqondiwe kodwa Akuphoqelekile. AmaSukuk ngokuvamile akhishwa izinkampani, izikhungo ezithile zezezimali kanye nezifundazwe ezizimele. 

Bheka isihloko sethu esithi Sukuk: Islamic Bonds

➤ I-Sunna

Leli gama lisho isiko lamaSulumane elithathwe esibonelweni sempilo yoMprofethi uMuhammad. Lo mbhalo uhlanganisa zonke izisho nezincazelo zoMprofethi kubantu.

➤ I-Takaful (Takaful)

Lena imishwalense yamaSulumane. Kuthatha uhlobo lomshwalense wokubambisana ngokuhlanganisa izimali, ngokomgomo wokusizana. Ohlelweni lwe-Takaful, amalungu angowomshuwalense kanye nabanikazi bamapholisi.

Umshwalense wendabuko awuvunyelwe e-Islam ngoba uqukethe izinto ezimbalwa ze-Haram njenge-Gharar ne-Ribâ. Ungabheka isihloko sethu somshwalense wamaSulumane: Takaful

➤ I-Tawarruq

Lena inkontileka ye-Murabaha ehlehlayo. Lena indlela yezezimali ekuvumela ukuthi uthole imali yokuboleka imali ngokuthenga indawo ephethwe yibhange ngezitolimende.

Abenzi bezicelo babe sebegunyaza ibhange ukuthi lidayisele, egameni labo, isabelo sabo endaweni kumuntu wesithathu ekudayiseni ukheshi bese befaka imali etholwe ngokuthengisa ku-akhawunti yabo.

➤ UWadiah

Kuwuhlelo lwenkontileka lwamaSulumane lokuphatha idiphozithi yamanje noma i-akhawunti yokonga. Emabhange e-Islamic, i-demand deposit noma ama-akhawunti okulondoloza awakhiqizi imali engenayo yenzalo.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi la ma-akhawunti asebenza kanjani, ngincoma ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu Imininingwane yamabhange amaSulumane.

➤ walala

Leli gama ngandlela thize lihumusha igama elithi ubudlelwano be-ejensi. Okusho ukuthi, ukuqokwa komunye umuntu ukuthi enze umsebenzi egameni legatsha elikhulu ngokumelene nokukhokhwa kwekhomishini.

🌿 I-Sumumé ...

Unayo imiqondo engu-49 ebalulekile yezezimali zamaSulumane. Uma unokuthile okukukhathazayo, ungakhohlwa ukukubuza kumazwana. Siyabonga ngokwethembeka kwakho. Ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe, nakhu ukuqeqeshwa okukufundisayo indlela yokuthengisa izeluleko ku-inthanethi. Chofoza lapha ukuze uyithenge.