Izimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili emhlabeni

Imakethe yamasheya imakethe lapho abatshalizimali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu ngabanye noma ochwepheshe, abanikazi be-akhawunti yemakethe yamasheya eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, bengathenga noma badayise izibambiso ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, izimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni womhlaba. Basiza amabhizinisi ukukhulisa imali ngokukhipha amasheya, amabhondi kubatshalizimali ukuze kwandiswe ibhizinisi, izidingo zemali yokusebenza, izindleko ezinkulu, njll.

Si ungumtshalizimali noma nje inkampani efisa ukuvula imali yayo emphakathini, khona-ke ulwazi ngezimakethe zamasheya ezingcono kakhulu luzoba lubalulekile kuwena.

namuhla Finance de Demain Consulting ziletha kuwe, ngokusho kosonhlamvukazi bemakethe yazo, izimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili emhlabeni. Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngale ndaba, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi iyini imakethe yamasheya, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Stock Exchange.

Iyini i-Stock Exchange?

imakethe yamasheya, eyaziwa nangokuthi imakethe yamasheya, yinhlangano evumela umuntu noma inkampani ukuthi ithenge futhi idayise izibambiso. Izibambiso zingaba amasheya, amabhondi akhishwe inkampani noma uhulumeni kanye namathuluzi ezezimali ahlukene endaweni yomphakathi.

Izinkampani ezihwebelana ngamasheya zinikeza ubulungu kubadayisi abamisiwe namalungu asebenza njengabalamuli bokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwezibambiso. Ukuhwebelana kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zohwebo olunobulungiswa kanye nokuhambisana okuhlobene nemisebenzi yokuhweba ngokwayo. Ukuhwebelana kwamasheya kunezinkomba ezihlukene ezisebenza njenge-barometer yempilo yomnotho.

Namuhla, cishe zonke izimakethe zikhona njengezimakethe ze-electronic. Intengo yemakethe yamasheya ayisisekelo enkampani kanye nempahla ehlukene efana nowoyela, igolide, ithusi, njll. kuncike esimeni sokufunwa nokunikezwayo emakethe njengoba abathengi nabathengisi bebeka ama-oda abo ahlukene okubulawa.

Umlando wezimakethe zamasheya

I-stock exchange endala neyokuqala yasungulwa edlule ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-400 eYurophu, eNetherlands. Amasheya ase-Dutch East Indian asetshenziselwa ukuhweba esihwebeni. Isibopho esiyinhloko sokuhwebelana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunemali eyanele emakethe.

Uma kukhulu ukushintshana, kuba ngcono kubo bonke ababambiqhaza. Kukhona cishe ama-stock exchange angama-60 amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Izimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni

Sihlanganise uhlu lwezimakethe zamasheya eziphezulu ezingu-10 emhlabeni ngokusekelwe kudatha yemali yemakethe ehlinzekwa yi-World Federation of Exchanges. Asambe.

1. I-New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

NYSE iyi-stock exchange enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, e-11 Wall Street, eNew York City, e-United States. I-NYSE inezinkampani ezisohlwini ezingaba ngu-2400 ezihlanganisa izinkampani eziningi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njenge-Walmart, Berkshire Hathaway Inc, JP Morgan Chase, njll.

Ingenye yezindawo zokuhwebelana zamasheya ezindala kakhulu ezasungulwa ngo-1792. Imali yemakethe yazo zonke izinkampani ezisohlwini lwe-NYSE ilinganiselwa ku-$22,9 trillion ngo-2021.

Isilinganiso somthamo wokuhweba wansuku zonke siphakathi 2 kanye ne-6 billion sharess. I-NYSE ukuphela kokuhwebelana e-United States okunikeza ukuhweba phansi kubahwebi abakhulu. Ihlinzeka ngokuhweba ngamathuluzi ezezimali ahlukahlukene njengezimali ezihweba ngokuhwebelana (ETFs), amasheya, amabhondi nezinye izinketho ezimbalwa.

Isakhiwo sobunikazi be-NYSE sashintsha ngo-2006, lapho ihlanganiswa ne-Archipelago Holdings ukwakha i-NYSE Group, Inc. Ngokulindeleke lolu shintsho, izihlalo zokugcina ekushintshanisweni zathengiswa ngoDisemba 2005.

Bonke abanikazi bezihlalo baba ngabanikazi bamasheya Iqembu le-NYSE. Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Euronext NV, iqembu le-European stock exchanges, kwakha inkampani ephethe i-NYSE Euronext ngo-2007. Ngo-2008, i-NYSE Euronext yathola i-American Stock Exchange (eyalandela yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-NYSE Amex Equities).

Inkomba eyinhloko yalokhu kushintshana ithi I-DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE.

2. NASDAQ

NASDAQ imele i-National Association of Securities Dealers Automated quotes. Iyimakethe yesitoko yesibili ehamba phambili emhlabeni. Idalwe ngo-1971, i NASDAQ izinze ku-151 W, 42nd Street eNew York. Iyimakethe yamasheya ehamba phambili ye-elekthronikhi enesamba semali yemakethe engu-$10,8 trillion.

Amasheya angaphezu kuka-3 afakwe ohlwini lwe-NASDAQ ngenani lemakethe eliphakathi kuka-$000 trillion njalo ngenyanga. Izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezifana neMicrosoft, Google, Facebook, Tesla, Amazon, Apple, njll. zibalwe lapho. Izinkampani ezisohlwini lwe-NASDAQ zinikela ngo-1,26% yenani lemakethe yomhlaba wonke. Inkomba ye-NASDAQ nayo ebizwa nge-NASDAQ.

Kuneqiniso elithakazelisayo mayelana nemakethe yamasheya ye-NASDAQ ozomangala ukulazi. Ayinazo izinkampani ezifakwe ohlwini emkhakheni kawoyela negesi noma emkhakheni wezinsiza. Uthambekele kakhulu emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabathengi.

3. I-Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)

I-Tokyo Stock Exchange, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Tosho. Ingeyesithathu ohlwini lwezimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili emhlabeni futhi itholakala eTokyo, eJapan. I-TSE yasungulwa ngo-1878. I-TSE inezinkampani ezisohlwini ezingaphezu kwezi-3 ezinemali ezimakethe eziqoqiwe ezingaphezu kuka-$500 trillion.

U-Nikkei 225, uphawu lokuma oluhlanganisa ama-225 amabhizinisi aseJapan afana ne-Honda, i-Toyota, i-Suzuki, i-Sony, i-Mitsubishi nezinye eziningi.

Uzomangala ukwazi ukuthi i-TSE ikumise ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwayo iminyaka emi-4 ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II. I-TSE ivumela amalungu ukuthi ahwebe ngokuphuma kokunye, amasheya omhlaba, amabhondi, njll. I-akhawunti ye-TSE abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-1 futhi waziwa kakhulu ngokuqinisekisa ukuthobela ukuhweba kanye nokugadwa kwemakethe.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abahlanganyeli bemakethe baye bakhononda ngalokho ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ngokusho kwabo, i-TSE isiyinkulu kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi uma iqhathaniswa nokunye ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke. I-TSE inezigaba ezinhlanu.

Isigaba sokuqala sibonisa izinkampani ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-Japan kanti isigaba sesibili sibala izinkampani eziphakathi nendawo. Ngokuhlangene, lezi zigaba ezimbili zibizwa ngokuthi “ izimakethe ezinkulu ".

4. I-Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)

I-Shanghai Stock Exchange ingenye yezimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili emhlabeni futhi enkulu kunazo zonke e-Asia. Itholakala eShanghai, eChina futhi ikleliswe endaweni yesine ngokusekelwe emalini yemakethe.

Lokhu kushintshaniswa kwesitoko kwasungulwa ngo-1866 kodwa kwahlehliswa ngo-1949 ngenxa yenguquko yaseShayina futhi isisekelo sayo sesimanje sabekwa ngo-1990.

Ngo-2006, yabala amasheya ezinkampani ezingama-842, ezimele imali yemakethe yamasheya elinganiselwa ku-915 billion wamadola aseMelika.

I-Shanghai Stock Exchange yayinyuke ngo-130% ngo-2006 kwase kuthi ngo-97% ngo-2007, amandla omnotho waseShayina aheha izigidi zabatshalizimali abasha emakethe. Ngo-Okthoba 2007, i- I-SSE Composite (inkomba yemakethe enkulu) ifinyelele amaphuzu angu-6.

Ihlupheke ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenkinga yezimali ka-2008, ilahlekelwe ngaphezu kuka-65,5% yenani layo, yaphela unyaka ka-2008 ngamaphuzu angu-1, okubonisa ukulahlekelwa kwezigidigidi zamadola angu-820 emakethe yemakethe. Namuhla, i-SSE inezinkampani zomphakathi ezingaphezu kuka-81 ezisohlwini lwenkundla yayo ngemali ehlanganisiwe yemakethe elinganiselwa ku-$3 trillion.

Nokho, le makethe yesitoko ihluke kancane kozakwabo okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla. Lapha, abalawuli bemakethe baphoqelela ama-circuit breaker ukunqanda ukuntengantenga kwentengo. Noma nini lapho kunezindaba ezingezinhle noma ukungaqiniseki, uhulumeni wase-China uyaligodla ilungelo lokuyeka ukuhwebelana kosuku.

5. Euronext: best stock market in euro zone

Itholakala e-Amsterdam, i-Euronext stock exchange ibhekwa njengenye yezimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili eYurophu.

Ikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu ezingeni lethu ngezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-1 ezisohlwini lwenkundla yayo enesamba semali yemakethe engaphezu kuka-$300 trillion. Izinkomba zayo zenkomba ziyi'AEX-INDEX, le I-PSI-20 futhi CAC 40. Isamba esijwayelekile sanyanga zonke silinganiselwa ku-$174 billion.

I-Euronext isebenzisa izimakethe zemali elawulwayo nezisobala kanye nokuphuma kokunye. Ukunikezwa kwayo kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo efana nezabelomali, ama-ETF (izimali zokuhwebelana), amawaranti nezitifiketi, amabhondi, okuphuma kokuphuma kwezabelomali, okuphuma kokunye kwempahla kanye nezinkomba.

Lokhu kushintshana kusebenzisa imakethe elawulwayo yaseParis, Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, Oslo, Dublin kanye neMilan. Isebenzisa izimakethe ezinikezelwe kuma-SME nama-ETI afana ne-Euronext Growth kanye ne-Euronext Access. I-Euronext futhi inikezela ngezinsizakalo kubantu besithathu.

6. I-Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE)

IHong Kong Stock Exchange, eyasungulwa ngo-1891, ikleliswe endaweni yesithupha ohlwini lwezimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili emhlabeni. Inkomba yebhentshimakhi ye-HKSE ithi Inkomba ye-Hang Seng. Kunesamba sezibambiso zezikweletu eziyi-1200 kanye nezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-2300 ezisohlwini lwe-HKSE, cishe u-50% wazo ziphuma ezweni laseChina.

Isamba semali yemakethe yazo zonke izitoko ze-HKSE ezisohlwini ingaphezu kwama- $4 trillion. I-HKSE ikhiqiza umthamo wokuhweba wezinkontileka eziphuma kokunye ezingaphezu kwesigidi ngosuku ngekusasa le-HSCEI.

Ngo-2017, i-HKSE yasuka enqubweni yokuhweba ngokomzimba yaya kwi-e-commerce. Ama-conglomerates amaningi amakhulu afana ne-HSBC Holdings, i-AIA, i-Tencent Holdings, i-China Mobile, njll. zifakwe ohlwini lwe-HKSE.

7. ILondon Stock Exchange (LSE)

ILondon Stock Exchange, okungenye yezindala zokuhwebelana ngamasheya emhlabeni, iphethwe futhi ilawulwa yiLondon Stock Exchange Group. I-LSE, eyasungulwa ngo-1698, ikleliswe endaweni yesikhombisa ohlwini lwezimakethe zamasheya ezinkulu nezihamba phambili emhlabeni.

Kwakuyi-stock exchange enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kwaze kwaba yilapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. I-NYSE kamuva yayiguqula yaba indawo enkulu yokuhwebelana ngamasheya emhlabeni ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe I.

Kodwa-ke, i-LSE inqabe ukunikezwa okubili kokutholwa kwethulwa yi-NASDAQ phakathi kuka-2006 no-2007. Ngo-2007, yathola i-Italian Stock Exchange ezinze eMilan ngama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5 ukuze kwakhiwe iLondon Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). Namuhla, kunezinkampani ezingaba ngu-3 ezisohlwini lwe-LSE ezinemali yemakethe ehlanganisiwe engaphezu kuka-$000 trillion.

Izinkampani eziningi ezihamba phambili zase-UK ezifana ne-Barclays, i-British Petroleum, i-Vodafone, i-GlaxoSmithKline, i-BlackRock, i-Qatar Holding phakathi kwezinye ifakwe ohlwini lwe-LSE. Inkomba eyinhloko yale makethe yi- I-FTSE 250.

8. La I-Shenzhen Stock Exchange

I-Shenzhen Stock Exchange itholakala eShenzhen, eyaziwa ngokuthi iSilicon Valley yaseChina. I-Shenzhen iyi-stock exchange yesibili ngobukhulu e-China ngemuva kwe-Shanghai Stock Exchange eyasungulwa ngo-December 1, 1990.

I-Shenzhen ingeyesishiyagalombili ngobukhulu futhi ingelinye lama-stock exchange ahamba phambili emhlabeni. Inezinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-1400 ezisohlwini lwenkundla yayo enenani eliphelele lemakethe yemali elinganiselwa ku-$3,92 trillion.

Iningi lezinkampani ezisohlwini lwalokhu kushintshana lizinze e-China futhi zonke izenzo zokuhweba zingaphakathi Imali ye-Yuan. Njengoba izinkampani eziningi ezisohlwini zizinze e-China, uhulumeni waseShayina unamandla aphelele okumisa ukuhweba kosuku uma kwenzeka kuba nezindaba ezimbi noma umcimbi othinta amasheya. I-China inamasethi amabili amasheya atholakalayo kubatshalizimali nabahwebi

• Amasheya ezithengiswa ngemali yendawo, i-Yuan
• et B Amasheya ezidayiswa ngamadola aseMelika kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe

Inkomba eyinhloko yale makethe yi- Ingxenye ye-SZSE.

9. I-Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE)

I-Toronto Stock Exchange iphethwe futhi iqhutshwa yi-TMX Group. I-TSE yasungulwa ngo-1852 futhi itholakala eToronto, eCanada. I-TSE inezinkampani ezisohlwini ezibalelwa ku-2 ezinesamba semali yemakethe engu-$200 trillion.

Amathuluzi ezezimali amaningana njengama-trust okutshalwa kwezindlu, amasheya, amabhondi, impahla, ama-ETF, njll. kudayiswa e-Toronto Stock Exchange ngesilinganiso sokuhweba sanyanga zonke esingu-$97 billion.

Lokhu kushintshana kusanda kuba sematheni ekuhlanganisweni neLondon Stock Exchange, kodwa isivumelwano asiphumelelanga njengoba abanikazi bamasheya basenqabe lesi siphakamiso. Inkomba eyinhloko yale makethe yi i-S&P/TSX.

10. I-Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

I-Bombay Stock Exchange, i-stock exchange endala, eyasungulwa ngo-1875 e-Asia. Ithatha indawo yeshumi ohlwini lwezimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili emhlabeni. I-BSE etholakala kuDalal Street, eNdiya inezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-5 ezisohlwini lwepulatifomu yayo. Isamba semakethe ye-BSE singaphezu kuka-$500 trillion.

I-BSE iyikhaya layo inkomba yebhentshimakhi ye-S&P BSE SENSEX, isifinyezo senkomba ebucayi. I-Sensex yenziwe ngamasheya angama-30 amele imikhakha ehlukene yezomnotho. Izinkampani eziningi zamachip aluhlaza njengeReliance Industries, Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Tata Steel ziyingxenye ye-BSE SENSEX Index.

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