Ukuqonda kangcono ezezimali zebhizinisi

ezezimali zebhizinisi ihlanganisa zonke izici zezimali ezihlobene nenhlangano. Lezi yizici ezihlobene nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali ezinkulu, ukubhanga, isabelomali, njll. Ihlose ukukhulisa inani labanikazi bamasheya ngokuhlela izimali zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi noma isici esibandakanya Izimali zenhlangano ziyingxenye yezimali zebhizinisi.

Eqinisweni, inhlangano idinga uxhaso lwezimali ngemisebenzi yayo eyahlukene, imisebenzi namaphrojekthi. Kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi kunoxhaso olwanele esigabeni ngasinye sokuthuthuka kwayo: kusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo kuye ekuvuthweni.

Enkundleni yezemidlalo qalisa, inkampani idinga uxhaso lwezimali ukuze ithuthukise ingqalasizinda yayo eyisisekelo, njengokusungula izimboni, ukuthenga imishini, njll.

Esiteji se Ukuthuthuka kwakhe, idinga uxhaso lwezimali ukuze inwebise imisebenzi yayo yebhizinisi ngokungena emabhizinisini ahlanganyelwe kanye nokuhlanganisa nokutholwa kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali izidingo zayo zemali yokusebenza.

Kulesi sihloko, Ngethula kuwe i-BA BA yezezimali zebhizinisi.

Iyini i-Corporate Finance?

Ezezimali zebhizinisi zibandakanya izinqumo zezezimali ezenziwa yinhlangano emisebenzini yayo yansuku zonke yebhizinisi. Ihlose ukusebenzisa imali etholakala enhlanganweni ukuze yenze imali eyengeziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo inciphisa ubungozi bezinqumo ezithile.

Ngakho-ke, izinqumo zebhizinisi ezibandakanya isinqumo esihlobene nokuhlonzwa kwemithombo yemali ezinkampanini ezixhasa ngezimali ziyizinqumo zezezimali zebhizinisi.

Ezezimali zebhizinisi zidingida yonke imisebenzi yezezimali edingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe ibhizinisi. Kungumsebenzi ophelele enkampanini.

Ezinkampanini ezinkulu, kuzoba nomnyango wezezimali oholwa yi-CFO enethimba lochwepheshe bezezimali, abazophatha izimali zenkampani.

Imisebenzi yayo ihlanganisa ukubikezela, ukuhlela, ukunquma isakhiwo semali, ukuqoqwa kwezimali ezanele, ukuklama inqubomgomo yokutshalwa kwezimali, izingxoxo zezezimali kanye nezinqumo zokuhlela zezabelo.

Kodwa-ke, ebhizinisini elincane, usomabhizinisi angaphatha lo msebenzi wezezimali ngokwakhe.

Kusho ukuthini ezezimali?

Kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwethu, kudingeka sazi indlela yokusebenzisa imali yethu. Yilokhu esikubizile ezezimali zomuntu siqu. Endabeni yamabhizinisi, kubalulekile ukuthi abanikazi bamabhizinisi bathuthukise futhi basebenzise amasu okuhlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwebhizinisi kwesikhathi esizayo.

Abatshalizimali kufanele bafune imbuyiselo futhi bathole imbuyiselo, ngaphandle kokubeka ubungozi obukhulu.

Ukuqhuba ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo kusho ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele imali oyizuzile. Kungakho abanikazi bamasheya kufanele bahlinzeke ngezimali ezanele zokutshalwa kwezimali, okwesikhathi esifushane kanye nesikhathi eside.

Enye indlela yokwandisa inzuzo yenkampani iwukusebenzisa "ukusetshenziswa kahle" kwezinsiza zomunye, okungukuthi, indlela "yokusebenzisa kahle"zuza ". Le nqubo ithatha ukuthi izimali ezibolekiwe ziphathwa kahle futhi ngenxa yalokho zisebenza kangcono kunokulingana.

ekugcineni, ukuthola imali wukuqinisekisa izinsiza zezimali ezidingekayo ekudalweni noma ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi, inhlangano, iphrojekthi, njll.

Ububanzi bezimali zebhizinisi

Enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zezezimali zebhizinisi ukukhulisa inani labanikazi bamasheya. Umsebenzi we-CFO wukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali ezidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nebhizinisi ziyatholakala.

Ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngezimali, ezezimali zebhizinisi zisebenzisana nokuhlanganiswa, ukutholwa, nemisebenzi ehlobene ethinta izimali zenkampani. Ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi, intela, ukuphathwa kwemali engenayo eminye yeminye imisebenzi yezezimali yebhizinisi.

Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi ebalulekile yezimali zebhizinisi ihlanganisa ukuhlela kwezezimali, inhlangano yezezimali, ukutshalwa kwezimali ezuziwe kanye ne ukuphathwa kwezimali.

Ukuhlelwa kwezimali

Ukuhlela kuwumsebenzi obalulekile wezezimali zebhizinisi. Izici ezibalulekile zihlanganisa inani lemali edingekayo, inani lemali ezoqoqwa emithonjeni yangaphandle, imithombo etholakalayo ukuze kuqoqwe izimali, nokuthi imali ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngokunenzuzo.

Uma izimali zihlelwe kahle, khona-ke ukuqhuba ibhizinisi kungaba lula.

Inhlangano yezezimali

Uma inani lemali elidingekayo selinqunyiwe, umsebenzi olandelayo wezezimali zebhizinisi uwukuqoqa izimali. Imithombo ehlukene yezimali zebhizinisi ihlanganisa:

• Izimalimboleko ezikhungweni zezimali
• Izimali ezivela kuma-venture capitalists
• I-Ovadrafti yasebhange kanye nemalimboleko yasebhange
• Yamukela idiphozithi evela emphakathini
• Indaba yebhondi kanye namasheya
• Ikhredithi yokuhweba evela kubahlinzeki
• Izindlu ezibolekiwe endaweni
• Ukuqasha noma ukuqasha ukuthenga
• Izibonelelo zikahulumeni noma ezinye izikhungo

Ukutshalwa kwezimali

Uma izimali sezikhona, kumele zitshalwe ebhizinisini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isabelomali esikhulu.

Kunezici ezimbili lapha: imali engashintshi et Inhloko yokusebenza. Imali engashintshi isho ukuthengwa kwempahla engashintshi njengomhlaba, izakhiwo, nemishini.

Imali yokusebenza isho izimali ezisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukuthenga izinto ezingavuthiwe, ukukhokha irenti kanye neholo, njll. Itholwa ngomehluko phakathi kwezinsiza ezizinzile kanye nempahla engashintshi yenkampani.

Ukuphathwa kwezimali

Ukuqapha njalo ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha izimali ebhizinisini. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukukhulisa inani labanikazi bamasheya kuyinjongo eyinhloko yezimali zebhizinisi.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Konke mayelana nezezimali zokuziphatha

Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezimali, ukuvimbela ukumoshwa nokuhlukumeza, kanye nokuzuza imbuyiselo ephezulu ekutshalweni kwezimali yinto okufanele ithimba lezezimali lebhizinisi ligxile kuyo.

Lokhu kubandakanya nokulawulwa kobungozi. Kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa isofthiwe engasetshenziswa ukuphatha izimali ngempumelelo.

Kungani izimali zebhizinisi zibaluleke kangaka?

Izizathu zokuthi kungani imali yebhizinisi ibalulekile yilezi:

• Okokuqala, kuyasiza ukwenza isinqumbo. Noma yisiphi isinqumo esithathwayo kumele sicabangele ukutholakala kwezimali.
• Imigomo yenhlangano, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi eyesikhathi esifushane noma eside, inakho badinga uxhaso. Noma ngabe inzuzo, ukukhula kwamakhasimende; uxhaso luyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso
• Ngemuva kwalokho, ivumela ukukhulisa imali edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwenkampani.
• Okokugcina, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe ibhizinisi, ukuhlukahluka, njll.

Ngaphandle koxhaso, ibhizinisi alikwazi ukusebenza. Ukuhlela izimali, ukukhuphula izimali, ukuzisebenzisa nokuphatha ngendlela efanele kuyimisebenzi yezezimali zebhizinisi.

Iyini ibhizinisi eliyinhloko lezezimali zebhizinisi?

Lona ngumbuzo abahlaziyi abaningi kanye nama-tycoon ezinkampani abawubuzayo. Ezezimali zebhizinisi zisho ingxenye yebhizinisi yanoma iyiphi inhlangano. Yilapho izindleko zisetshenziswa khona ukwenza inzuzo.

Kuhlanganisa nezimpahla zebhizinisi ezeqile kanye nemali esetshenziswa njengesibambiso semali mboleko nokunye okwenziwayo.

Ezezimali kuwumgogodla wanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi. Kungacatshangwa njengohlelo olunezingxenye ezine: ezezimali zomuntu siqu, isabelomali semali enkulu, ukuphathwa kwezimali zokusebenza, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezimali kwamasu. Zonke lezi zingxenye ziyizigaba ezingaphansi zokusebenza kwebhizinisi.

Impumelelo yebhizinisi incike endleleni elisebenzisa ngayo izinsiza zalo. Kodwa liyini ibhizinisi eliwumongo lezezimali zebhizinisi? Lo mbuzo ubalulekile ngoba usisiza ukuthi siqonde imisebenzi yezezimali yanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi.

Indawo ewumnyombo wezezimali zebhizinisi ingahlukaniswa kabanzi izigaba ezimbili, ezezimali zokudayisa kanye nemisebenzi yebhizinisi lezezimali. Izimali zokudayisa zisho ukuxhaswa ngezimali okutholwe yimpahla yababoleki njengemizi, umhlaba, kanye nezimpahla ezikhiqiziwe.

Imisebenzi yebhizinisi lezezimali ihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokutholwa, ukuhlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela kanye nobunikazi be-franchise. Ubudlelwano bebhizinisi nebhizinisi buphinde bufake phakathi ukubolekisa phakathi kwemikhiqizo, ukuphathwa kwephothifoliyo kanye nomshwalense ovalelwe.

Ngakho-ke, sithola imisebenzi yezezimali eyenziwa amabhange, izinkampani zezezimali, abathengisi, abadayisi, abatshalizimali kanye nabathengi bezinsimbi zezimali abenza le misebenzi yezezimali.

Izintshisekelo zezimali zebhizinisi

Ezezimali zebhizinisi zigxile ezinhlotsheni ezine zezinqumo:

• Izinqumo zokutshala izimali, okuhlobene nocwaningo lwezimpahla zangempela (eziphathekayo noma ezingabonakali) lapho inkampani okufanele itshale kuzo.
• La isinqumo sezimali, abafundela ukuthola izimali (kubatshalizimali abathola izimpahla zezezimali ezikhishwe inkampani) ukuze inkampani ikwazi ukuthola izimpahla enqume ukutshala kuzo.
• Izinqumo zokuhlukanisa kufanele ilinganisele izici ezibalulekile zebhizinisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusho ukukhokhelwa kwenhloko yezenhlalakahle futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi kusho ukuphuca inkampani imithombo yezezimali.
• izinqumo zabaphathi, ezithinta izinqumo zansuku zonke zokusebenza nezezimali.

Kusukela kunhloso eyisisekelo yezimali zebhizinisi, okuwukukhulisa inani noma ingcebo kubanikazi bamasheya, omunye wemibuzo ebalulekile ugxile ekulinganiseni umnikelo wesinqumo esithile enanini labanikazi bamasheya. Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, ukuhlolwa kwempahla noma izindlela zokulinganisa zidaliwe.

Ezezimali Zebhizinisi vs Accounting

Ngokungafani ne-accounting, efuna ukukhombisa, ngokwethembeka ngangokunokwenzeka, ukusebenza kwenkampani; ezezimali zigxile ekusaseni layo, kodwa ngocwaningo lwenani.

Ingabe izimali zebhizinisi ziyadingeka? Impendulo ithi yebo. Nazi ezinye izinzuzo zale nqubo:

• Isiza ukuvimbela imiphumela
• Ziqonde kangcono izici zezimali
• Kuholela ezinqumweni ezinhle zabatshalizimali
• Izimali zebhizinisi zimelela isilinganiso seqiniso lenkampani
• Ihlinzeka ngedatha yokubikezela kwebhizinisi nokulawula

Umgomo obaluleke kakhulu wabaphathi benkampani ukukhiqiza inani eliphezulu elingenzeka lokudala, okusho ukuthi, ukukhuthaza inkampani nakakhulu. Lapho imali etshaliwe ikhiqiza isilinganiso sembuyiselo esikhulu kunezindleko zayo, khona-ke inani liyakhiqizwa.

Imiqondo ebalulekile kwezezimali zebhizinisi

Inkinga phakathi kwengozi nokubuya

Kwezezimali zebhizinisi, lapho umtshali-zimali elindela kakhulu inzuzo, uzimisele ngokwengeziwe ukuthatha ubungozi. Abatshalizimali bayayizonda ingozi, okungukuthi, ngezinga elithile lobungozi, bafuna ukukhulisa imbuyiselo.

Okungase futhi kuqondwe njengezinga elithile lembuyiselo, bafuna ukunciphisa ubungozi.

Inani lemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Kungcono ukuba nesamba semali manje kunokuba okufanayo esikhathini esizayo. Umnikazi wensiza yezezimali kumele akhokhelwe okuthile angakwenza ngaphandle kwalesi sisetshenziswa.

Endabeni yesilondolozi, yi- isilinganiso senzalo. Endabeni yomtshali-zimali, izinga lembuyiselo noma isivuno.

Ingqinamba phakathi kwezimali kanye nesidingo sokutshala imali

Imali iyadingeka emsebenzini wansuku zonke (imali yokusebenza) kodwa ngezindleko zokudela ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu.

Izindleko zamathuba

Cabanga ukuthi kuhlale kunezinketho ezimbalwa zokutshala imali. Izindleko zamathuba izinga lembuyiselo yenye indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala imali etholakalayo.

Lena imbuyiselo ephezulu kakhulu engeke itholakale uma izimali zitshalwe kuphrojekthi ethile zingatholakali.

Kungase futhi kubhekwe njengokulahlekelwa umuntu alungele ukukuthatha, ngokungakhethi inketho emelela enye indlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa imali.

Uxhaso olufanele

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kufanele kuxhaswe ngezimali zesikhathi eside, njengoba nje ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhashana kufanele kuxhaswe ngezimali zesikhashana.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele kuhambisane nezimali ezanele zephrojekthi.

Inzuzo (ukusetshenziswa kwesikweletu)

Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwezimali ezitholwe ngesikweletu kusiza ukukhulisa inzuzo yenkampani noma umtshali-zimali.

Umtshali-zimali othola imali ebolekwe ku-15%, isibonelo, futhi iziletha enkampanini ekhokha u-20% ngokombono, yandisa inzuzo yayo ngokusebenzisa kahle izinsiza zomunye.

Kodwa-ke, izinga lengcuphe le-investimenti liphinde likhulise ukutshalwa kwezimali, okujwayelekile komsebenzi wokulingisa wezezimali noma ukuqagela kwezezimali.

Ukuhlukahluka okusebenzayo

Umtshali-zimali ohlakaniphile uhlukanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakhe okuphelele ngokusabalalisa izinsiza zakhe phakathi kwezimali eziningana ezahlukene. Ukuhlukahluka kunomphumela wokusabalalisa ubungozi ngakho-ke kunciphisa ubungozi bubonke.

Ngokufigqiwe…

Ezezimali zebhizinisi ziyingxenye ye ezezimali njengaye ezezimali zomuntu siqu et ezezimali zomphakathi. Igxile ekutheni izinkampani zingadala futhi zilondoloze inani ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yezezimali.

Kuyindlela yokuphatha ohlelweni lwesabelomali esikhulu.

Ngokufanayo, ifuna ukukhulisa inani labanikazi bamasheya noma abanikazi. Omunye wemibuzo ebalulekile kwezezimali zebhizinisi uphathelene nokukalwa komnikelo wesinqumo esithile enanini labanikazi bamasheya. Ukulinganiswa kwempahla (i-accounting) noma amasu okulinganisa impahla adaliwe.

Uma unenkinga yokuphatha kahle izimali zakho, yazi ukuthi sinokuqeqeshelwa i-premium okukuvumela ukuthi wonge kangcono, wehlise izindleko zakho, wenze ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhle noma wazi ngisho nokulungiselela umhlalaphansi wakho ngisho noma iholo lakho liphansi.

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