Iyini imakethe yesibili?

Uma ungumtshalizimali, umthengisi, umthengisi, njll. cishe uzobe usuzwile ngemakethe yesibili manje. Le makethe iphikisana nemakethe eyinhloko. Eqinisweni, iwuhlobo lwemakethe yezezimali olusiza ukuthengiswa nokuthengwa kwezibambiso ezikhishwe ngaphambilini ngabatshalizimali. Lezi zibambiso ngokuvamile ziyimasheya, amabhondi, amanothi otshalomali, ikusasa nezinketho. Zonke izimakethe zezimpahla kanye Izifundiso zihlukaniswa njengezimakethe zesibili.

Ngokungafani nemakethe eyinhloko, izintengo zezibambiso ezithengiswayo zivame ukunqunywa kusengaphambili ezimakethe zesibili. Kulesi sihloko, ngizokwethula kafushane ukuthi iyini imakethe yamasekeni. Kodwa ngaphambili, nansi ukuqeqeshwa okukhokhelwayo okukuvumela ukuba wenze kanjalo qala ngokuqeqeshwa okuku-inthanethi.

Isebenza kanjani imakethe yesibili?

Izimakethe zesibili zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuhweba ngamasheya. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okunye ukusetshenziswa okuningana kwalezi zimakethe. Isibonelo, izimakethe zesibili zisiza ukuhweba kwezimali ezihlanganyelwe kanye nokuthengwa kwe Izindlu ezibolekiwe yizinkampani zikahulumeni. Itemu elithi izimakethe zesibili lingasetshenziswa futhi ngendlela efanayo nezimakethe ezisiza ukuhweba kwezimpahla eziseke zasetshenziswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla incazelo yemakethe yesibili iye yanda ukuze ihlanganise ukuhwebelana kwe-cryptocurrency. Ngomongo wemakethe yezibambiso, imakethe yesibili iqanjwe kanjalo ngoba ilungiselela ukuthengiswa kwesibili okubandakanya izibambiso.

Umehluko phakathi kwezimakethe eziyinhloko nezasesibili

Imakethe eyinhloko imakethe yezezimali esiza ukuthengiswa kwesitoko noma ibhondi ekhishwe okokuqala yinkampani kubatshalizimali. Isibonelo esivamile somsebenzi wemakethe oyinhloko ukunikezwa komphakathi kokuqala (IPO).

I-IPO ibandakanya ukuthengiselana okuqondile phakathi komthengisi, okuyibhange lokutshalwa kwezimali elibhala ngaphansi komnikelo, kanye nomthengi, ongumtshali-zimali othenga i-IPO. Ukusebenza okunjalo kwe-IPO kwenzeka kuphela imakethe yokuqala.

Ngokuphambene, imakethe yesibili iyimakethe yezezimali elawula ukuthengiselana okwenzeka phakathi kwabatshalizimali. Isibonelo, umtshali-zimali othenge isiteki enkampanini nge-IPO angakhetha ukuthengisa izinto zakhe kwabanye abatshalizimali emakethe yesibili. Kuyabonakala esibonelweni esingenhla ukuthi ayikho inkampani ekhiphe i-IPO,

Ukulungisa izintengo zezibambiso emakethe yesibili

Ngokungafani nezimakethe eziyinhloko lapho amanani entengo yezibambiso ezidayiswayo ngokuvamile enqunywa kusengaphambili, emakethe yesibili amanani avezwa kumandla emakethe ayisisekelo okunikezwayo nesidingo. Esitokweni esibonisa amandla aphezulu okukhula kwevelu esikhathini esizayo, intengo yaso yamanje yemakethe nayo izokhuphuka.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Yini okufanele ukwazi ngezinkomba zemakethe yamasheya?

Ngokuphambene, uma inkampani ithumela imali engenayo ngaphansi kwezilinganiso zabatshalizimali, ayithandwa ngabatshalizimali futhi, ngenxa yalokho, intengo yayo yemakethe iyehla.

Izimakethe ezizimele ezilinganayo

Izimakethe zamasheya ezizimele ziyizimakethe zezimali ezisiza ukuthengiswa nokuthengwa kwezibopho zabatshalizimali ezikhishwe ngaphambilini ezikhwameni ezizimele. Imakethe yangasese i-NASDAQ kanye neSecondaryLink yizibonelo zezimakethe zezezimali ezizimele ezivele ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka ngenxa yoMthetho we-Sarbanes-Oxley ka-2002.

Okugqamile Kwemakethe Yesibili

Abatshalizimali emakethe yesibili bahwebelana bodwa. Inkampani ayibandakanyeki nhlobo futhi akufanele ihambisane nemihlahlandlela ye-SEBI.

Abatshalizimali bayaqonda ukuthi ukuhweba kwemakethe yesibili kungaphansi kokuguquguquka okuphezulu, okubangela ingxenye enkulu yengozi yemakethe.

Ingcuphe yemakethe iwukuqapha abatshalizimali mayelana nokulahlekelwa yimali yabo, bazi ukuthi ukuhweba kwemakethe yesibili kukhiqiza inzuzo ephezulu futhi kwenza imali ngokushesha esimisweni sokuhweba se-intraday. .

Amathuluzi amaningi emakethe yamasheya anqwabelene abe yizikhwama ezihlanganyelwe, lapho abatshalizimali abanentshisekelo/abaqalayo/abanolwazi oluncane bengakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ngokungaqondile emakethe ukuze benze imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Amasheya emakethe yesibili athengiswa izikhathi eziningi ngentengo enqunywe amandla emakethe, ngokungafani nemakethe eyinhloko.

Izinhlobo zezimakethe zesibili

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimakethe zesibili futhi ukusebenza kwazo kungase kwehluke kuye ngesakhiwo sazo kanye nezinhlobo zezimpahla ezidayiswayo. Cishe uzwile ngezinye izimakethe zesibili, ezifana nokuhwebelana kwesitoko okudumile. Ake sibuyekeze izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimakethe zesibili, ngezibonelo:

Izifundiso

Amasheya omphakathi ahweba ngokuhwebelana okufana ne-New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) noma i-NASDAQ yohwebo emakethe yesibili. Uhwebo lusingathwa abathengisi abasebenza nabenzi bemakethe ukuze banikeze amabhidi futhi babuze amanani kubatshalizimali ngabanye kanye nezikhungo. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe izimakethe zamasheya, chofoza lesi sixhumanisi.

I-Fixed Income Amathuluzi

Amathuluzi emali engenayo engashintshi, kusukela kuzikweletu zomgcinimafa kuya kumabhondi ezinkampani, konke kuhwebelana emakethe yesibili. Imakethe yebhondi, nokho, ayivuleki futhi iwuketshezi njengemakethe yamasheya. Awuvamisile ukuthola isilinganiso sesikhathi sangempela sebhondi. Kunalokho, usebenza ngabalamuli abafana nabathengi.

Amabhondi akhishwa ngokwesilinganiso. Bese, uma sebesemakethe yesibili, amanani abo ayashintshashintsha ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nekhredithi, izimo zemakethe kanye amanani enzalo.

Izindlu ezibolekiwe

Izindlu ezibolekiwe ngokobuchwepheshe ziyisethi engaphansi yezibambiso zemali engenayo engaguquki, kodwa kunomehluko owanele ukuthi zizitholela esazo isigaba. Njengoba kushiwo, ngokuvamile uma isibambiso sakho sesibambiso sesidaliwe, sithengiswa ngumboleki ku-opharetha wemakethe ukuze kube imakethe yesibili ye-mortgage. Umthengi ube eseqoqa amaqembu ama-mortgages ibe yisihloko esisodwa bese uyithengisa kubatshalizimali abathenga indlela engenayo.

Izikweletu zamabhizinisi amancane

Izimali mboleko zamabhizinisi amancane ezisekelwa uhulumeni zingahlanganiswa futhi zidayiselwe abatshalizimali, njengemali ebolekiwe. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngohlelo lwemalimboleko yokuPhathwa Kwamabhizinisi Amancane. Amabhange akhipha imali mboleko abese ethengisa ingxenye evikelekile emakethe yesibili esikhungweni sezezimali esihlanganisa imali mboleko.

Imakethe yesibili ihlinzeka ngomzila wokukhokha oqinisekisiwe kubatshalizimali futhi ivumela amabhange ukuthi athengise imali mboleko ukuze bathole inkokhelo esheshayo. Amabhange angakwazi ukuphuma ayoboleka imali futhi.

Izinkampani ezizimele

Izisebenzi ezithola amasheya ezinkampani ezizimele (okusho ukuthi awekho amasheya athengiswayo esihwebeni somphakathi) ngokuvamile zikuthola kunzima ukuthengisa amasheya uma zidinga ukuqongelela izimali zokukhokha intela noma ngenxa yesinye isizathu. Lapho abanikazi bamasheya bevunyelwe ukuthengisa amasheya, bakwenza lokho ngezimakethe zesibili eziku-inthanethi lapho abatshalizimali abagunyaziwe bezokhipha amasheya ezandleni zabo.

Abathengi kuleli cala ngokuvamile bahlanganisa abantu abanenani eliphezulu, onxiwankulu abangama-venture, ama-hedge funds, amafemu amabhizinisi azimele, nabatshalizimali bezikhungo.

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