Wazi konke mayelana nezezimali?

Ezezimali yisihloko esikhulu futhi esikhulu okufanele sidingidwe. Ukubalwa kwezimali kanye nezezimali kuvame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye, ​​futhi abanye baze bakubheke njengokufana. Kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili.

Eqinisweni, ezezimali yigama elibanzi elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuphathwa kwemali kanye nenqubo ehilelekile ekutholeni izimali. Ezezimali zihlanganisa amabhange, izikweletu, ukutshalwa kwezimali, izimpahla nezikweletu ezakha izinhlelo zezezimali.

Izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezezimali zithuthukise izikhungo, izinqubo, amazinga kanye nezinjongo ezikhethekile: Business Finance, ezezimali zomuntu siqu et ezezimali zomphakathi.

Emazweni athuthukile, kunesakhiwo esinemininingwane yezimakethe zezimali nezikhungo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zalezi zindawo ngokuhlanganyela nangokuhlukene. Ngakho-ke, ake siqonde ukuthi iyini ezezimali?

Kodwa okokuqala, ngithanda ukukwazisa ngalokhu kuqeqeshwa kwe-premium okukunikeza amakhono.amathiphu okuphumelela kwezamabhizinisi.

Asihambe

🥀 Yini Ezezimali?

Ezezimali ukwabiwa kwezimpahla, izikweletu, kanye nezimali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinqubo, kanye nemidiya ukuze uthole okuningi ebhizinisini. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuphatha noma ukuphindaphinda izimali ngendlela engcono kakhulu izithakazelo ngenkathi sibhekene nezingozi nokungaqiniseki.

Imali ixhumene kakhulu nemali njengoba iyindlela yokuhwebelana. Umkhakha wezezimali uyinjini yezimboni zezomnotho, zezenhlalakahle nezokuphatha. Kusukela ekongeni kuya ezikhungweni zezimali kanye nezintela zikahulumeni kuye kokulingana, umsebenzi wezezimali ungabonakala kuyo yonke imisebenzi nezinqubo.

Nazi ezinye izincazelo ezijwayelekile zezimali:

• Kwezomnotho, ezezimali igatsha lezomnotho elibhekene nokwabiwa, ukuphathwa, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokutholwa kwezinsiza.
• Ebhizinisini, ezezimali kuchazwa njengokuqoqwa kwezimali ngokukhipha nokuthengisa amasheya noma izikweletu.
• Kwesayensi, ezezimali kubandakanya ukudala, ukuphatha kanye nokufunda ngemali. Iphinde ihlanganise amabhange, izikweletu, izikweletu, izimpahla kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.
• Ochwepheshe bayachaza ezezimali njengokwabiwa kwempahla ngabantu abasebenza isikhathi esengeziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile nezingaqinisekile. Bakholelwa ukuthi izimpahla zilinganiswa ngokwezinga labo lobungozi kanye nezinga labo lembuyiselo.
• Ngokusekelwe kumbono wesistimu, ezezimali zihlanganisa izinhlelo zezezimali ezifana nezikhungo zikahulumeni, ezizimele nezikahulumeni. Futhi kuwucwaningo lwamathuluzi ezezimali nezezimali.

🥀Imigomo ehambisana nemboni yezezimali

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemigomo nezihloko ezihambisana nezinhlelo zezimali. Nalu uhlu lwezinye zazo okungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nazo embonini:

• Ingozi nokubuya
• Inzuzo
• isimo sezimali
• Abaninimasheya
• Ezezimali zokuziphatha
• Izindleko zemali
• Ukungena kwemali
• Izinga lenzalo
• Izabelo
• Veza

Manje ake sifunde kabanzi mayelana izinhlobo ezintathu zezimali. Ake siqale ngezimali zomuntu siqu, bese kuba ezezimali zebhizinisi futhi ekugcineni, ezezimali zomphakathi

🥀 Iyini Izimali Zomuntu?

Izimali zomuntu siqu zilawula izimali zomuntu noma izimali futhi zibasize bafinyelele imigomo yabo yokulondoloza kanye nokutshala imali abayifisayo. Ezezimali zomuntu ziqondene nomuntu ngamunye futhi amasu ancike emandleni emali etholwa abantu ngabanye, izidingo, imigomo, umugqa wesikhathi, njll.

Ezezimali zomuntu siqu zihlanganisa ukutshala imali kwezemfundo, izimpahla ezifana nezindlu ezithengiswayo, izimoto, umshwalense wempilo, umshwalense wezokwelapha neminye, ukonga, nokuphathwa kwezindleko.

Ikakhulukazi, ezezimali zomuntu siqu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvikelwa ezenzakalweni zomuntu ezingalindelekile nezingaqinisekile
• Ukudluliswa kwengcebo ngezizukulwane zomndeni
• Ukuphathwa kwentela nokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zentela (uxhaso lwentela noma izinhlawulo)
• Ukulungiselela ukuthatha umhlalaphansi
• Lungiselela izindleko zesikhathi eside noma ukuthenga okubandakanya inani elikhulu
• Ukukhokhwa kwemali mboleko noma isikweletu
• Izinhloso Zokwakha Izimali Nengcebo

Ingabe ufuna ukulawula izimali zakho zomuntu siqu kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni? Kulungile, nasi isifundo esiphelele sokuqeqeshwa kweprimiyamu esiklame ukukusiza ukuthi ube yi- RIO ezezimali zakho siqu.

🥀 Iyini i-Corporate Finance?

Izimali zebhizinisi zibandakanya ukuxhasa ngezimali izindleko zebhizinisi kanye nokwakha isakhiwo semali yebhizinisi.

Ibhekene nomthombo wezimali kanye nokuhanjiswa kwalezi zimali, njengokwaba izimali zezinsiza nokukhulisa inani lenkampani ngokwenza ngcono isimo sezezimali.

Ezezimali zebhizinisi zigxile ekugcineni ibhalansi phakathi kwengozi nethuba kanye nokwandisa inani lempahla. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwebhizinisi kuhlanganisa:

• Isabelomali esikhulu, nansi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlela isabelomali
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamasu ajwayelekile ukulinganisa kwebhizinisi noma ukulinganiswa kwezinketho zangempela
• Khomba umthombo woxhaso ngendlela yokulingana, ukulingana, abakweletwayo, izikweletu
• Thola usizo lwenzuzo okungakhawulelwe ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi esizayo, ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi noma ukusatshalaliswa kwabaninimasheya
• Ukuthola kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali emasheya noma kwezinye izimpahla
• Thola imigomo, amathuba afanelekile nezingqinamba
• Ukulawulwa kobungozi kanye ukucatshangelwa kwentela
• Udaba lwamasheya phezu kwe-IPO nokufakwa kuhlu kwesitoko

🥀 Iyini Izimali Zomphakathi?

Lolu hlobo lwezimali luxhumene nezifundazwe, omasipala, izifundazwe noma izifunda, ngamafuphi, nezimali ezidingwa uhulumeni. Kuhlanganisa izinqumo zokutshala izimali zesikhathi eside ezihlobene nezinhlangano zomphakathi.

Izimali zomphakathi zicabangela izici ezifana nokusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo, ukwabiwa kwezinsiza kanye nokuzinza komnotho. Izimali zivela ikakhulukazi ezintela, emalimboleko evela emabhange noma ezinkampanini zomshwalense.

Izimali zomphakathi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlonza izindleko edingwa yinhlangano yomphakathi
• Imithombo yemali engenayo yenhlangano yomphakathi
• Nquma inqubo isabelomali kanye nomthombo wezimali
• Ukukhishwa kwezikweletu kumaphrojekthi womphakathi
• Ukuphathwa kwentela

Amanye amagama amabili adumile kwezezimali i-microfinance kanye ne-trade finance.

🥀 Iyini i-microfinance?

I-Microfinance ibonwa kakhulu nge-engeli ye-microcredit. Lolu hlobo lwezimali luklanyelwe ngokukhethekile abantu abangenakho ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsizakalo zezezimali zendabuko. Laba bantu bahlanganisa abangasebenzi kanye nabantu abahola kancane, abesifazane, njll.

Amabhange angase anikeze nezinsizakalo ezengeziwe ezifana nama-akhawunti okonga, umshwalense omncane nokuqeqeshwa. Inhloso enkulu yezezimali ezincane ukunikeza laba bantu ithuba lokuzimela.

Ababolekisi bavame ukunikeza imali mboleko ngemva kokuhlanganisa ababolekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe amathuba angcono okubuyisela. Inani lokubuyisela lawa ma-microcredits liphezulu kunalelo loxhaso oluvamile ngenxa yengozi ehilelekile.

I-Microfinance ihlanganisa:

• Ihlola i-akhawunti et ukonga ebhange
• Izinhlelo zemfundo ngezimiso zokutshala imali
• Ukuqeqeshwa kumakhono afana nokubalwa kwezimali kanye nokugcinwa kwamabhuku, okuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kokugeleza kwemali, izitatimende zeholo, njll.
• Ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo kokuphathwa kwemali
• Izifundo ngemigomo yezezimali nemiqondo efana nenani lenzalo, ukuhamba kwemali, isabelomali, isikweletu, njll.

🥀Iyini i-Trade Finance?

Izimali zohwebo zihlanganisa izinsiza zezezimali kanye namathuluzi anika amandla futhi agqugquzele ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Kuhle ukuthi abangenisa impahla ngaphandle nabathumela ngaphandle benze imisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe ngokushelela ngokunciphisa ubungozi ekuhwebeni komhlaba.

Izimali zohwebo zingasiza ekwehliseni ubungozi obuhambisana nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokulinganisa izidingo ezihlukene zomthengisi kanye nomthengi ovela kwamanye amazwe.

Izingozi ezihambisana nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ukushintshashintsha kwemali, ukungakhokhelwa yiqembu, ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe, ukukhokhelana kwezinhlangano, njll. Izimali zohwebo zibandakanya inkampani yangaphandle ukuze iqedele umsebenzi, iqede ukuzuza kanye nengcuphe yokukhokha.

Kwezezimali zohwebo, umthumeli kwamanye amazwe uthola inkokhelo ngokwesivumelwano futhi othenga kwamanye amazwe angathola indawo yesikweletu ukuze agcwalise umyalelo wokuhweba. Ngaphandle kokuvikela ezingozini, ukungakhokhi nokungatholwa kwezimpahla, izimali zohwebo nazo zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nemali engenayo.

Ivumela ibhizinisi ukuthi lithole inkokhelo engukheshi ngokusekelwe kokutholwayo kwezohwebo ngoba ibhange lomthengi liqinisekisa inkokhelo. Lokhu futhi kuqinisekisa izinkokhelo ngesikhathi kanye nokuthunyelwa okuqinisekisiwe kwezimpahla.

🥀 Ayini amathuluzi kwezezimali?

Ukuze uzuze kumasevisi ezezimali, umuntu noma inkampani idinga amathuluzi ezezimali. Ithuluzi lezezimali yinkontileka phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili futhi libandakanya imisebenzi yemali.

Les amathuluzi ezezimali ingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokutshala imali noma izinjongo zokuboleka nokuboleka. Amathuluzi ezezimali ahlukaniswa njengamathuluzi Emali noma njengamathuluzi Okususelwe:

🥀 Ayini Amathuluzi Emali?

Inani Lamathuluzi Emali linqunywa amandla emakethe. Amathuluzi emali angamathuluzi adluliseka kalula phakathi kwezinhlangothi. Lokhu kungaba izibambiso, imalimboleko noma amadiphozithi.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi emali atholakalayo emakethe izitifiketi zediphozithi, izivumelwano zokuthenga kabusha njenge-repo, izikweletu zokushintshisana, izikweletu zamabhange, amaphepha okuhweba, izibambiso zikagesi nokunye okuningi.

🥀Ayini ama-derivatives?

Inani lama-Derivative Instruments lisuselwa ekulinganisweni kwelinye ibhizinisi okungenzeka libe yimpahla, noma inkomba, nanoma iyiphi enye into engase ibe nomthelela yenani lokuphuma kokunye. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamathuluzi aphuma kokunye atholakalayo emakethe yikusasa, phambili, ukushintshana nezinketho.

Amathuluzi ezezimali nawo ahlukaniswa ngokwesigaba samafa awo. Amathuluzi ezezimali angasuselwe esikweletini noma ekulinganeni.

Ithuluzi elisekelwe ezikweletini lifika ngendlela yemalimboleko inhlangano ekhiphayo egomela ngayo abatshalizimali. Nakuba, amathuluzi asekelwe ekulinganeni abonisa ubunikazi obususelwe esabelweni sokulingana esiphethwe umtshali-zimali.

Amathuluzi ezezimali asekelwe esikweletini ahlanganisa amabhondi, ikusasa lebhondi nezinketho, ukushintshanisa kwesilinganiso senzalo, izikweletu zikaMgcinimafa, ikusasa lezinga lenzalo nezivumelwano zenani lokudlulisela phambili .

🥀 Yenza umsebenzi ngeFinance

Incazelo yezezimali, incazelo kanye nezici ngeke kuphelele ngaphandle kokubheka izinketho zemisebenzi etholakalayo emkhakheni wezezimali. Nalu uhlu lwezindlela eziyi-10 zemisebenzi yezezimali:

1. ibhange lezentengiselwano

Ibhange lezentengiselwano linikeza izinsiza eziningi zezezimali ezifana ukuhlola ama-akhawunti, ama-akhawunti okonga nezinsiza zokubolekwa kwabantu ngabanye namabhizinisi.

Izikhundla ezidume kakhulu kumabhange okudayisa umhlaziyi wezikweletu, isikhulu semalimboleko, umtsheleki wasebhange, umthengisi wezindlu, umphathi wegatsha, kanye ne-trust officer.

Amabhange ezentengiselwano adala indawo yokukhula njengoba abasebenzi benyukela ezikhundleni eziphezulu ngeholo elihle.

2. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwebhizinisi

Ezezimali zebhizinisi zigxile ekuphatheni imisebenzi yezezimali yenkampani. Kumayelana nokuqongelela izimali kanye nokuhambisa lezo zimali ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo yebhizinisi. Ngokuya ngalolu khetho ungaba umgcinimafa, umqondisi wezezimali, Umhlaziyi Wezezimali noma umphathi wentela.

3. ibhange lokutshala izimali

Lona umsebenzi wezezimali ophezulu embonini. Ibhange lokutshalwa kwezimali lisebenzisana nezimali eziyinhloko, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokukhishwa kwezibambiso ezifana namasheya, amasheya namabhondi ukuze athengwe abatshalizimali emakethe.

Amabhange okutshalwa kwezimali asiza ukukhuphula imali yamabhizinisi, ohulumeni, nezikhungo. I-career ye-investment banking iyaqhudelana, idinga amakhono ezezimali anamakhono amahle kakhulu okuxoxisana kanye nokuzethemba.

Kunezigaba eziningi ibhange lokutshalwa kwezimali angasebenza kuzo. Bangase basebenze njengomhlaziyi wocwaningo lwekhwalithi, izibambiso zokuhweba emakethe.

4. Isiqinisekiso

Umshwalense uvikela abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ezingozini nezimo ezingaba khona. Izindima ezidumile kumshwalense zihlanganisa omele ukuthengisa umshwalense, uchwepheshe wesevisi yekhasimende, noma umuntu wangempela obala ubungozi nezinga elijwayelekile ngokusekelwe ematfuba aqoqwe kumathrendi ezezimali.

5. Ucwaningo lwe-Equity

Omunye umsebenzi ohamba phambili kwezezimali ucwaningo ngokulingana. Ucwaningo lwe-Equity luphathelene nokuhlaziywa kwesitoko okujulile, ukulinganisa kanye nokumodela kwezezimali kwenkampani.

Umhlaziyi wocwaningo lwe-equity usiza abatshalizimali ukuthi benze izinqumo ezibalulekile zezimali, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekutshaleni imali. Umhlaziyi uphakamisa ukuthi utshalomali luthenge, lubambe noma ludayiselwe abatshalizimali.

Benza nemibiko yocwaningo kanye nokuqagela. Ukuze uphumelele kule ndawo, uzodinga isineke esikhulu kanye nezinga elikhulayo lezindinganiso zokuziphatha.

6. Ukuphathwa kwengcebo

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamabhange, ukuphathwa kwengcebo kugxile ekuhlinzekeni izinsiza zezezimali kwabacebile nabacebile kancane. Ukuphathwa kwengcebo kuchazwa nje ngokuthi ukuphatha imali.

Abaphathi bengcebo benza imali ngokukhokhisa izinkokhelo zamasevisi ahlinzekiwe. Ekulawulweni kwengcebo, amaklayenti angaphatha i-akhawunti ye-brokerage ngokufinyelela intela, indawo kanye nokuhlelwa komhlalaphansi.

7. Izindlu ezibolekiwe/imalimboleko

Imali mboleko kuyisenzo sokunikeza izinsizakalo zemalimboleko kubantu abafisa ukuthenga indlu noma indawo. Obolekayo kufanele akhokhe imali ebolekiwe nenzalo phakathi neminyaka aze abe umnikazi wendawo.

Ama-mortgage broker aziveza njengabalamuleli phakathi kwezikhungo zezezimali nalabo abangase babe ngabanikazi bezindlu. Amakhasimende anikezwa izinketho zemalimboleko evela kubabolekisi abaningi.

Amakhasimende aqhathanisa imali ebolekiwe futhi akhiphe imininingwane yabathengi yezezimali neyemisebenzi. Ama-mortgage broker aqondisa amakhasimende ngezinketho zawo zemalimboleko futhi aqinisekise ukuthi inqubo ihambisana nemithetho nemithethonqubo.

8. I-Audit

Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kubhekisela ekuhlolweni, ekuhlolweni, ekuhlolweni nasekuhlaziyweni kwezimali ukuze kutholakale izitatimende zezimali. Lolu hlelo lwezezimali lusiza ekuphatheni izimali, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukwandisa imali engenayo kanye nokwenza izinqumo zebhizinisi.

Iqinisekisa ukuthi abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bathobela amakhodi entela nezinqubomgomo zezimali.

Abacwaningi mabhuku bangasebenza emkhakheni kahulumeni, izinhlangano zezezimali nasemanyuvesi. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabacwaningi mabhuku: umcwaningi wamabhuku wangaphakathi, umcwaningi wamabhuku wangaphandle, umcwaningi mabhuku kahulumeni kanye nomcwaningi mabhuku wezomthetho.

9. Ukubalwa kwezimali

Ukubalwa kwezimali kubandakanya isabelomali, ukubika ngezimali kwansuku zonke, nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ukuze kukhule noma yiliphi ibhizinisi. Ochwepheshe be-Accounting bangasebenza njengabaphathi bezezimali, abacwaningi mabhuku, ama-accountant ezezimali, kanye nama-accountant okuphatha.

10. Umgcinimafa

Ukheshi uphathelene namandla ezezimali anoma yiliphi ibhizinisi ukuze liphumelele kanye nokusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi. Inikeza isibikezelo sesikhathi esizayo esinembile futhi ibikezela izimali ezidingekayo zebhizinisi.

Ochwepheshe boMgcinimafa banamathuba emisebenzi ahlukahlukene abangangena kuwo. Bangasebenza ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu noma ezincane emhlabeni jikelele. Kungakhathalekile imboni, lezi zingcweti zingasebenza noma kuphi.

Manje, uma ufuna izinsiza zezimali ezengeziwe ukuze uphathe kangcono futhi uqonde izimali zakho, vakashela isitolo sethu futhi ulande izifundo zokuqeqesha ze-Premium ozithandayo.

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