Konke mayelana nokushushumbisa imali

Ukukhwabanisa imali ubugebengu bezezimali lapho umthombo wemali etholwe ngokungemthetho noma impahla ufihlwe kubomthetho kanye nabalawuli bezezimali ngokwenza ukubonakala kokusemthethweni kwezinzuzo ezingekho emthethweni. Ukushushumbiswa kwemali kufihla umsuka wemali noma impahla futhi kungenziwa abantu ngabanye, abagwema intela, izinhlangano zobugebengu, izikhulu ezikhohlakele ngisho nabaxhasi bezimali bamaphekula.

Izenzo zobugebengu eziningi zihlose ukwenza inzuzo kumuntu noma iqembu elizenzayo. Ukukhwabanisa imali ukucutshungulwa kabusha le nzuzo yemvelaphi yobugebengu ukuze kufihlwe umsuka wayo ongekho emthethweni. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu njengoba ivumela isigebengu ukuthi sivune lezo zinzuzo kuyilapho sivikela umthombo wazo.

Ukuthengiswa kwezikhali okungekho emthethweni, ukushushumbiswa kanye nezenzo zobugebengu obuhleliwe, okuhlanganisa ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa nezindawo zokudayisa ngomzimba, kungenza izizumbulu zemali. Imikhonyovu, ukuhweba kwabantu ngaphakathi, ukufumbathisa noma ukukhwabanisa kwamakhompyutha nakho kudala inzuzo enkulu, okunikeza ugqozi ezigebengwini “ukuba zibe semthethweni” lezi zinzuzo ezitholwe ngokungemthetho ngokuxhaphaza imali.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siqale, nansi a qedela ukuqeqeshwa kokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi ongazithenga.

Asihambe

Kuyini ukuxhaphaza imali?

Ukushushumbisa imali kuchazwa njengendlela okushintsha ngayo imali etholwe ngokungemthetho ukuze ukuhumusha kubukeke kusemthethweni. Kusho ukuthini ukuxhaphaza imali?

Ukwebiwa kwemali kwenzeka lapho indawo, umthombo, ubunikazi noma ukulawulwa kwezimali kwenziwa amanga. Ukushushumbiswa kwemali wuhlelo olusetshenziswa izigebengu ukuze kubukeke sengathi imali ezinayo itholwa ngokusemthethweni. Abakwenzayo ukuthatha imali engcolile - futhi ngempela " ehlanzekile ".

Uma zenza imali, izigebengu kumele zifihle ukuthi leyo mali yangena kanjani ezandleni zazo futhi kungani. Ukukhwabanisa imali kuyabavumela ukuthi bakwenze lokhu, okwenza kubukeke sengathi imali abanayo iphuma emthonjeni osemthethweni.

Ukushushumbisa imali akukho emthethweni ngoba kuyindlela izigebengu ezizuza ngayo ebugebengwini futhi ngokuvamile kuhilela izenzo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezingekho emthethweni. Isenzo kanye nemvelaphi yokushushumbiswa kwemali kwenza kube semthethweni. Ubugebengu bokuqala buyenzeka lapho isigebengu sithola imali bese ubugebengu besibili buzama ukwenza imali etholakele ibe semthethweni ngokuxhaphaza izikhungo zezimali.

Ukushushumbisa imali akukho emthethweni ngoba kuyindlela izigebengu ezizuza ngayo ebugebengwini futhi ngokuvamile kuhilela izenzo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezingekho emthethweni. Isenzo kanye nemvelaphi yokushushumbiswa kwemali kwenza kube semthethweni. Ubugebengu bokuqala buyenzeka lapho isigebengu sithola imali bese ubugebengu besibili buzama ukwenza imali etholakele ibe semthethweni ngokuxhaphaza izikhungo zezimali.

Izigaba zokukhwabanisa imali

Izindlela zokukhwabanisa imali ziningi futhi ziyakhula, kodwa inqubo ihlale ibandakanya izinyathelo ezintathu ezilandelanayo:

‍ Ukubekwa

Isinyathelo sokuqala ohlelweni lokushushumbisa imali yilapho izinzuzo ezitholakale ngokungemthetho ziqalwa khona uhlelo lwezezimali olusemthethweni, sinqume izingxenye ezingakhiphi izinhlabamkhosi phakathi kweziphathimandla. Ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zokutshala izimali zokuguqula izindlela zokubika zifaka phakathi izinhlelo zokukhokha imali ebolekiwe, ukugembula emakhasino noma ezitolo zokubheja, ukushushumbiswa, ukuhwebelana ngemali, kanye nezimali ezixubile.

‍ I-Superposition

Isinyathelo sesibili ohlelweni lokukhwabanisa imali lapho izingqimba ezilandelanayo zokuba semthethweni zengezwa ezikhwameni ezibekwe ekuqaleni, kuze kube yilapho umthombo wokuwinile ufihlwe ngokwanele kuziphathimandla ukuze ungabonakali ukuthi ubulokhu ungekho emthethweni. Ezinye izindlela ezivamile zalesi sinyathelo zihlanganisa, kodwa azikhawulelwe, ukudluliselwa nge-elekthronikhi phakathi kwamazwe, ukusetshenziswa kwezinkampani zangaphambili, nokudluliswa kwezimali phakathi kwamabhange amaningi noma phakathi kwama-akhawunti amaningi ngaphakathi kwesikhungo.

‍ Ukuhlanganisa

Isigaba sesithathu nesokugcina senqubo yokushushumbiswa kwemali, kulapho isigebengu sithola khona izimali zaso ezingekho emthethweni, manje esezimbozwe kakhulu yizingqimba zokuba semthethweni. ukuthi umthombo awulandeleki. Ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zesigaba sokugibela sokushushumbiswa kwemali zifaka ukutshalwa kwezimali okusemthethweni ekugelezeni kwezimali okusemthethweni nokuthengisa noma ukuthenga izinto zenani eliphezulu.

‍Ungakwazi yini ukuvimbela imali ngokungemthetho?

Imithetho Emelene Nokwebiwa Kwemali (i-AML) ikhona ukuze kuvinjelwe izigebengu ukuthi zenze inzuzo ngalobu bugebengu. Le mithetho idinga ukuthi izinhlangano zenze ucwaningo lwangaphakathi ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi azifaki ngamabomu noma ngephutha enkingeni yokushushumbiswa kwemali.

I-Financial Action Task Force (FATF) yaletha ukuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele endabeni lapho isungula ukubeka izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokushushumbiswa kwemali. I-UK iphinde yabeka isibonelo ngokucindezela ukuqinisa ukuzivikela ngokusebenzisa i-watchdog entsha.

Ukuze kuphinde kugwenywe ukuxhashazwa kwemali, izidingo zokuhlonza amakhasimende amasha ziqine kakhulu ezikhungweni zezimali. Lezi yizimo I-KYC (Yazi Amakhasimende Akho).

Izibonelo zokukhwabanisa imali

Ukushushumbiswa kwemali kungenziwa abantu ngabanye, amaqembu abantu noma izinhlangano - ezisemthethweni noma cha - zanoma yimuphi usayizi, noma kuphi emhlabeni. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zabantu abangase benze lobu bugebengu bezezimali:

‍ abadayisi bezidakamizwa

Ngenxa yokuthi imboni ayikho emthethweni nakancane, ingeyamazwe ngamazwe, futhi isebenzisa imali eningi, idinga izindlela eziningi zokufihla umthombo wezimali ezikhiqizayo, ukuze ama-kingpins akwazi ukufinyelela inzuzo ngokuphephile.

‍ Abashushumbisi bezikhali.

Ngokufanayo ngendlela efanayo nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa, ukuthengiselana ngezikhali nezinhlamvu okungekho emthethweni kuvame ukuba ngamazwe ngamazwe futhi ngokuvamile kudinga imali eningi. Bakhiqiza inani elikhulu lemali engenayo okufanele ibuyiselwe emithonjeni yezomnotho esemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba ibuyiselwe ngokuphephile yizigebengu.

‍ abashushumbisi babantu

Le mboni yomhlaba wonke engekho emthethweni ilinganiselwa 150 billion zamaRandi ngonyaka. Ukukhula kwawo kuye kwabangela izinkampani zamagobolondo, izinqubo zokuqashwa ezihlukumezayo, ama-akhawunti efaneli nezinye izindlela zokukhokha zanda, futhi isidingo salezi zigebengu ezinobudlova nezichwensayo siyanda sokuxhaphaza izimali zazo ezingekho emthethweni.

‍ Abaxhasi bobuphekula Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaphekula enza ngezizathu zemibono, eyedwa noma ngamaqembu, ezweni noma emhlabeni jikelele, imali ihlale idingeka ukuze kuxhaswe izenzo zobudlova. Ukuhambisa izimali ukuze kube lula ukwenza izenzo zobuphekula kungaba lula noma kube nzima.

Umbiko we-FBI mayelana nesihluku se-11/XNUMX uveze ukuthi lo msebenzi ubize i-Al-Qaeda kuphela 400 amadola aseMelika, usebenzisa ukushushumbiswa kwemali, ukudluliselwa kwezintambo zaphesheya kwezilwandle, kanye nokuthenga ngedebithi noma ngekhredithi kumabhange angaphandle ngenkathi use-United States. Lezi zindlela ezengeziwe zokukhwabanisa imali azizange zibonwe yi-US nezinye iziphathimandla.

Izigebengu ze-White Collar

Ubugebengu be-white-collar buchazwa yi-FBI njengokuthi "okubonakala ngokukhohlisa, ukucasha, noma ukwephulwa kokwethembeka futhi okungancikile ekusetshenzisweni noma ekusongeleni kokuphoqelelwa ngokomzimba noma udlame." Isisusa salobu bugebengu singokwezimali - ukuthola noma ukugwema ukulahlekelwa imali, izimpahla noma amasevisi noma ukuzuza inzuzo yomuntu siqu noma yebhizinisi.

Ihlukile kwezinye izigaba ngokuthi udlame alunjalo usongo ngempela yonke indawo nokuthi umthombo wemali awukho emthethweni ngempela, nakuba ukukhwabanisa, ukukhwabanisa noma imikhonyovu yokutshalwa kwezimali okubandakanyayo kusengadinga izinsizakalo zokukhwabanisa imali.

Ingabe ukulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali kuyasiza ekulweni nobugebengu?

Ukushushumbiswa kwemali kuwusongo ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo lwezezimali; Nokho, kungase futhi kube isithende Achilles 'yobugebengu.

Ophenyweni ngamasevisi okusebenza emsebenzini wobugebengu obuhleliwe, kuvame ukuba izixhumanisi ezivezwa obala ngemikhondo yezentengiselwano yezezimali ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola impahla efihliwe futhi kutholwe ukuthi zingobani izigebengu kanye nenhlangano yezigebengu enesibopho.

Uma izimali ezingekho emthethweni zitholwa ekwebiweni, ekukhwabaniseni, ekukhwabaniseni noma ekukhwabaniseni, ukwethula uphenyo lokushushumbisa imali kuvame ukuba ukuphela kwendlela yokulandelela izimali ezebiwe bese uzibuyisela kwabahlukunyeziwe.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukugxila esicini sokushushumbisa imali sezenzo zobugebengu kanye nokuphuca izigebengu lezi zinzuzo ezitholwe ngokungafanele kuzishaya kakhulu. Ngempela, uma ingekho inzuzo esebenzisekayo, umsebenzi wobugebengu uyaphazamiseka.

Qhubeka ungakwazi. Sazise ulwazi lwakho kumazwana. Kodwa okokuqala, lapha ukuqeqeshwa kwe-crypto-Jackpot okukuvumela ukuthi ucebe ngama-cryptocurrencies.