Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezitifiketi zediphozi

Emhlabeni wokutshala imali nokonga, isitifiketi sediphozithi (CD) siyindlela edumile nephephile yenza imali yakho ikhule. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumtshali-zimali ongumakadebona noma ufuna nje indlela evikelekile yokukhulisa ukonga kwakho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukungena nokuphuma kwezitifiketi zediphozithi.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohamba nawe kukho konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nesitifiketi sediphozi, okuhlanganisa ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zabo kanye nokulinganiselwa, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho kuziwa ekuphatheni izimali zakho.

Asambe !!

🥀 Siyini isitifiketi sediphozithi?

Les isitifiketi sediphozithi amathuluzi ezezimali anikezwa izikhungo zamabhange nezinyunyana zezikweletu. Bavumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bafake inani elimisiwe lemali isikhathi esinqunyiwe, ngokuvamile esisukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni embalwa. Ukuze uthole le diphozithi, isikhungo sezezimali sikhokha inzalo ngenani elimisiwe impilo yonke yesitifiketi sediphozithi.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezitifiketi zediphozi zabo nokuvikeleka. Njengoba ama-CD evamise ukukhishwa izikhungo zezezimali ezilawulwayo, athathwa njengokutshalwa kwezimali okunobungozi obuphansi.

Ukwengeza, amadiphozithi afakwa ezitifiketini zamadiphozi ngokuvamile afakwa umshwalense ama-ejensi kahulumeni, anikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ekulahlekeni okungenzeka.

Izitifiketi zediphozi nazo zinikeza ukuzinza ezezimali. Njengoba izinga lenzalo linqunyelwe ukuphila kwe-CD, abatshalizimali bazi kusengaphambili inani eliqondile abazolithola ekuvuthweni. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlelwa kwezimali okunembe kakhudlwana futhi kungakhanga ikakhulukazi kulabo abafuna ukufeza imigomo yesikhathi esifushane noma esimaphakathi.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izitifiketi zamadiphozithi zingaba nazo ukulinganiselwa. Isibonelo, ukushintshanisa ukuvikeleka nokuzinza okunikezwa ama-CD, ukubuyisela ngokuvamile kuba ngaphansi kunezinye, izindlela eziyingozi zokutshala izimali.

Ukwengeza, izimali ezifakwe esitifiketini sediphozi ngokuvamile zivaleleka phakathi nesikhathi esikhethiwe, okusho ukuthi azikwazi ukukhishwa ngaphambi kokuvuthwa ngaphandle kwenhlawulo.

🥀 Zisebenza kanjani izitifiketi zediphozithi

Uma ushintshanisa imali yakho ebhange isikhathi esithile (esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi noma ubude besikhathi), ibhange likhokha isilinganiso senzalo esingaguquki ngokuvamile ephakeme kunamazinga anikezwa kuma-akhawunti okonga.

Uma isikhathi sesiphelile, ubuyisela imali oyifakile (uthishanhloko) kanye nanoma iyiphi inzalo enqwabelene. Uma udinga ukuthola izimali zakho ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi se-CD, ungaphansi kwenhlawulo yokuhoxa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, enganciphisa kakhulu inzalo oyizuze ku-CD.

Ama-CD atholakala ngokwemibandela ehlukene futhi angadinga amabhalansi amancane ahlukene. Izinga lenzalo oyitholayo ngokuvamile iyahlukahluka kuye ngobude besikhathi kanye nenani lemali ku-akhawunti.

Ngokuvamile, uma isikhathi eside futhi ufaka imali eyengeziwe, izinga eliphezulu okunikezwayo liyakhuphuka. Isikhathi eside asidingi ibhalansi enkulu encane.

Njengama-akhawunti okonga, ama-CD athola inzalo ehlanganisiwe, okusho ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile inzalo oyizuzayo yengezwa kuthishanhloko wakho. Bese, leli nani elisha eliphelele lizakhela inzuzo, njalonjalo.

Ngenxa yenzalo ehlanganisiwe, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwesilinganiso senzalo kanye nesivuno sephesenti lonyaka (APY). Izinga lenzalo limelela inani lenzalo eligxilile olitholayo, kuyilapho i-APY ibhekisela enanini oliholayo ngonyaka, kucatshangelwa inzalo ehlanganisiwe.

🥀 Indlela yokukhetha isitifiketi sediphozithi

Lapho ukhetha isitifiketi sediphozi (i-CD), kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezimbalwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi wenza ukukhetha okufanele kakhulu ezidingweni zakho zezezimali kanye nezinjongo zakho. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha:

Ubude be-CD

Izitifiketi zediphozithi zinesikhathi esinqunyiwe, ngokuvamile esisukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni embalwa. Cabangela ukuthi ungakwazi isikhathi esingakanani ukuvala imali yakho.

Uma unezinhlelo zesikhashana, khetha i-CD yesikhathi esifushane. Uma ufuna ukukhula kwesikhathi eside, i-CD yesikhathi eside ingase ifaneleke kakhulu.

Izinga lenzalo

Qhathanisa izilinganiso zenzalo ezinikezwa izikhungo zezezimali ezihlukene. Bheka okunikezwayo okuncintisana kakhulu ukuze ukwandise ukuwina kwakho. Khumbula ukuthi izilinganiso zenzalo zingahluka kuye ngokuthi iCD ingakanani kanye nenani elifakiwe.

Inqubomgomo yokuvuselela

Buza ngenqubomgomo yokuvuselela ama-CD. Amanye ama-CD avuselelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho esekhulile, kuyilapho amanye edinga isinyathelo ngasohlangothini lwakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda imigomo yokuvuselela nokuthi uyafuna yini ukuqhubeka ne-CD efanayo noma ukuhlola ezinye izinketho.

Izijeziso zokuhoxa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Hlola izinhlawulo ezingase zisebenze uma udinga ukukhipha imali yakho ngaphambi kokuba i-CD ivuthwe. Izijeziso zinganciphisa ukuwina kwakho, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo.

Umshwalense we-FDIC

Qiniseka ukuthi isikhungo sezezimali esikhipha i-CD sinomshwalense yi-Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) yase-United States noma isikhungo esifanayo ezweni lakini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi idiphozithi yakho ivikelekile kuze kufike enanini elithile uma kwenzeka isikhungo sezezimali sihluleka.

Imigomo yezezimali

Cabangela imigomo yakho yezezimali yomuntu siqu. Uma ufuna ukuzinza nokuvikeleka, i-CD enesilinganiso esigxilile ingaba ngcono. Uma uzimisele ukuzifaka engozini eyengeziwe ukuze uthole izinzuzo eziphezulu, ungase ucabangele ama-CD anezilinganiso eziguquguqukayo noma ezixhunywe emakethe.

🥀 Izitifiketi zomdayiseli wediphozithi

Nakuba ama-CD amaningi ethengwa ngokuqondile emabhange, amafemu amaningi abathengisi nabathengisi abazimele nabo banikeza ama-CD. Laba bantu nezinhlangano, ezibizwa ngokuthi “ ama-deposit brokers ", kwesinye isikhathi angaxoxisana ngenani lenzalo ephezulu ye-CD ngokuthembisa ukuhlinzeka ngenani elithile lediphozithi esikhungweni. Umthengisi wediphozi angase anikeze lezi “ Ama-CD athengiswayo »kumakhasimende ayo.

Hlola ngokucophelela isizinda somnikezi noma umdayisi wediphozithi ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi i-CD ivela esikhungweni esihloniphekile. Abadayisi bediphozithi abanamalayisense noma abaqinisekisiwe, futhi akukho sifundazwe noma i-ejensi yombuso ebavumelayo.

Njengoba noma ubani engase athi ungumthengisi wediphozi, njalo hlola ukuthi ingabe umthengisi wediphozithi noma inkampani ayisebenzelayo inomlando wezikhalazo noma ukukhwabanisa. Abathengi abaningi bediphozithi baxhumene nochwepheshe bokutshalwa kwezimali.

🥀 Izinhlobo zezitifiketi zediphozi

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitifiketi zediphozithi (ama-CD) ezingahlangabezana nezidingo nemigomo ethile yezezimali. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

✔️ I-CD yesilinganiso esingaguquki

Lolu hlobo lwe-CD lunikeza isilinganiso senzalo esingashintshi phakathi nesikhathi sediphozithi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wazi kusengaphambili inani eliqondile ozolithola ekuvuthweni. Ama-CD anesilinganiso esingaguquki adumile ngenxa yokuzinza nokubikezela kwawo.

✔️ I-CD yezinga eliguquguqukayo

Ngokungafani nama-CD esilinganiso esinqunyiwe, ama-CD ezilinganiso eziguquguqukayo anezilinganiso zenzalo ezingashintshashintsha ngokuya ngezimo zemakethe. Izilinganiso zenzalo zingashintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokuvamile ngokusekelwe kubhentshimakhi efana nenani eliyinhloko.

Ama-CD anezilinganiso eziguquguqukayo anikeza amandla amanani aphezulu uma amanani enzalo enyuka, kodwa futhi anengozi yokuthi amanani azokwehla.

✔️ I-CD isikali

Nge-CD enezitebhisi, ufaka amanani emali ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvuthwa, ngayinye inezinga layo lenzalo.

Isibonelo, ungafaka ingxenye yemali yakho ku-CD yesikhashana enenzalo ephansi futhi enye ingxenye ku-CD yesikhathi eside enezinga lenzalo eliphezulu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho futhi ukwandise imbuyiselo yakho.

✔️ Ukwandisa Isivuno CDs

Ukwenyuka kwama-CD esivuno kunikeza amanani enzalo akhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, I-CD yesivuno ekhulayo ingase ibe nezinga lenzalo eliphansi ekuqaleni, kodwa elikhuphuka unyaka ngamunye phakathi nokuphila kwediphozithi.

Lokhu kungase kukhange uma uhlela ukubamba i-CD yakho isikhathi eside futhi ufuna ukwandisa umholo wakho.

✔️ I-CD yokukhokha kusengaphambili

Amanye ama-CD anikeza ithuba lokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwenhlawulo ngaphambi kosuku lokuvuthwa oluhleliwe. Lokhu kungaba inzuzo uma udinga ukufinyelela ezindlekweni zakho ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlola izimo ezithile ezihlobene nokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

✔️ I-CD enenkomba

Ama-CD anenkomba ahlanganiswe nenkomba yemakethe ethile, njenge-S&P 500 noma i-Dow Jones. Ukubuyisela kusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwale nkomba, okungenzeka inikeze izinzuzo eziphakeme, kodwa futhi ingozi eyengeziwe.

Les Ama-CD anenkomba ingakhanga kubatshalizimali abafuna ukubamba iqhaza ekunyakazeni kwemakethe kuyilapho bezuza ekuvikelweni kwezimali ezithile.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokugcwele izici ezithile kanye nemibandela yohlobo ngalunye lwe-CD ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokutshala imali.

🥀 Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwesitifiketi sediphozithi

Nakuba isitifiketi sediphozi sithathwa njengethuluzi eliqinile lokutshala izimali, siphinde sibe namandla azo kanye nobuthakathaka obudinga ukucatshangelwa. Nalu uhlu lobuhle nobubi besitifiketi sediphozi okufanele sicatshangelwe:

✔️ Izinzuzo zesitifiketi sediphozi

Imigomo eguqukayo: Imigomo namanani angafakwa ku-CD ayaguquguquka. Uma ungakakulungeli ukubopha imali yakho isikhathi eside, ungakhetha kalula isikhathi esifushane. Ekupheleni kwe-CD, ungavuselela leyo CD noma uqale entsha.

Ezokuphepha: Ama-CD atholakala esikhungweni esinomshwalense kahulumeni ngokuvamile anikezwa umshwalense ofika ku-$250. Lokhu kususa ubungozi obuningi ekutshalweni kwezimali.

Imbuyiselo engcono kunama-akhawunti okulondoloza: Njengoba umnikazi we-CD engavunyelwe ukukhipha imali ngokukhululeka njengabanikazi bama-akhawunti okulondoloza, i-CD ngokuvamile ibaluleke kakhulu esikhungweni sezimali. Ngalesi sizathu, izinga lenzalo elinikezwa umnikazi we-CD liphezulu kune-akhawunti yokonga evamile.

Ukukhetha okubanzi: Ungathola i-CD enokuvuthwa nemibandela ehlukene ezikhungweni zezimali ezehlukene. Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwama-CD, abatshalizimali bangathola i-CD ehlangabezana nezidingo zabo ngabanye.

Imbuyiselo engaguquki futhi ebikezelwe: Umtshali-zimali angaqiniseka ngokuthola imbuyiselo ethile ngesikhathi esithile. Ngisho noma amanani enzalo ehlela emnothweni obanzi, izinga le-CD lizohlala linjalo. Uzokwazi ukunquma kalula izinga lokukhula kwebhalansi yakho, wenze ukuhlela kwezezimali kube lula.

✔️ Ububi besitifiketi sediphozithi

I-liquidity enomkhawulo: Umnikazi we-CD akakwazi ukufinyelela imali yakhe kalula njenge-akhawunti yokonga evamile. Ukukhipha imali ku-CD ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi kudinga ukukhokhelwa inhlawulo. Le nhlawulo ingase ithathe uhlobo lokulahlekelwa inzalo noma inhlawulo eyinhloko.

Ukwandisa ukuguquguquka, umtshali-zimali angakha I-CD Ladder, eyakhiwe ngama-CD anezinsuku zokuvuthwa nemibandela ehlukene. Ngesu lokwengeza, unezinketho eziningi zokufinyelela ukonga kwe-CD yakho ngezikhathi ezihlukene.

Ingozi yokwehla kwamandla emali: Amazinga e-CD angase abe ngaphansi kunesilinganiso sokwehla kwamandla emali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imali yakho ingalahlekelwa amandla ayo okuthenga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma inzuzo yenzalo yeqiwa ngamazinga okwehla kwamandla emali.

Unalezi zinzuzo nezingozi engqondweni, kuwukuhlakanipha ukucabangela ukuthi ubuhle be-CD ngokuvamile budlula ububi. Ama-CD akuvumela ukuthi ukhulise ukonga kwakho ngaphandle kokuhlupheka. Ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa kalula izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-CD usebenzisa izinsiza eziku-inthanethi, futhi ungathola evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho.

🥀 Ngokufigqiwe….

Isitifiketi sediphozi iyithuluzi lezezimali elidumile nelivikelekile lokukhulisa imali yakho. Banikeza inketho yokutshala engcuphe ephansi, enezilinganiso zenzalo ezigxilile noma eziguquguqukayo, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lweCD ekhethiwe.

Ngokuqonda ukungena nokuphuma kwezitifiketi zediphozithi, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuze uphathe izimali zakho futhi ufinyelele imigomo yakho yezezimali.

Ama-CD ayahlinzeka ukuphepha kwezezimali nokuzinza, ngesiqinisekiso sokubuyisela imali yakho yokuqala kanye nokuthola inzalo evamile phakathi nesikhathi sediphozithi. Afaneleka kakhulu abantu abafuna ukukhula kwesikhathi esifushane noma esimaphakathi, kuyilapho belondoloza ukuphepha kwenhloko-dolobha yabo.

Lapho ukhetha isitifiketi sediphozi, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nesikhathi se-CD, izinga lenzalo, izinqubomgomo zokuvuselela, kanye nezijeziso zokuhoxisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokuqhathanisa okunikezwayo okuvela ezikhungweni zezimali ezehlukene, ungathola i-CD evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho nezinjongo zakho.

Ngishiyele konke okukukhathazayo kumazwana.