Konke mayelana ne-Shadow Banking

Ngemuva kwezimali zendabuko kufihla uhlelo lwezezimali oluvulekile olubizwa ngokuthi “i-shadow banking. ⚫ Le nethiwekhi yezikhungo nemisebenzi ngokwengxenye ibalekela imithetho yendabuko. Ithonya lakhe elikhulayo likhathaza abalawuli, ikakhulukazi njengoba waba neqhaza elikhulu enhlekeleleni yango-2008. 🔻

I-Shadow Banking, noma “ezezimali zethunzi", ihlanganisa i-hedge funds eqagelayo, izinkampani ezihweba kakhulu kanye nezimoto eziyinkimbinkimbi zokutshala izimali. Ukusebenza kwawo akwaziwa kahle emphakathini. 🔍 Nokho izungeza ukuhamba kwezimali okukhulu emhlabeni wonke.

Kulesi sihloko, thola ukuthi iyini ngempela i-shadow banking, isikali sayo, ababambiqhaza bayo ababalulekile kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona ekuzinzeni kwezezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi siqale, nakhu Ungawuxhasa kanjani kangcono umhlalaphansi wakho wesikhathi esizayo?

Zicwilise kahle ezimfihlakalweni zezimali zethunzi!

📍 Yini i-shadow banking?

I-Shadow Banking iqoka bonke abadlali nemisebenzi yezezimali lokho zenzeka ngaphandle kohlelo lwamabhange kulawulwa ngokwesiko. 🏦

Lokhu kufaka phakathi izikhungo ezifana ne-hedge funds, izimali zemakethe yemali, amafemu ahweba kakhulu. I-Shadow banking ihlanganisa nezisetshenziswa zezimali ezifana okuphuma kokunye okungalawulwa kwe-OTC. 📉

Ngokungafani namabhange okuhweba, izinhlangano ku i-shadow banking ngokuvamile ayiqoqi idiphozithi futhi abanakho ukufinyelela ekuxhasweni kabusha kwebhange elikhulu. 💵

Imisebenzi yabo ayigadwa kakhulu yiziphathimandla futhi inokuvumelana nezimo okukhulu kokulawula. Lesi simo sidalula uhlelo lwezezimali ezingozini ezikhulayo zokuntengantenga.

📍 Yingakanani i-shadow banking?

I-Shadow banking imele ingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu ezezimali zomhlaba. Ngokwe-FSB, ngo-2020 yafinyelela kuma-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50, noma cishe ingxenye yohlelo lwamabhange olujwayelekile.

E-USA, isisindo sawo sikhulu nakakhulu. I-Shadow Banking iphethe impahla engaphezu kuka-$15 trillion lapho. Ibusa kakhulu amabhange endabuko.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Ukuthenga indawo ethengiswayo entsha noma endala ❓

E-Europe, i-UK iyikhaya lesikhungo sezimali esikhulu kunazo zonke esinethunzi, esinempahla engaphezu kuka-£3 trillion. Okulandelayo kuza iSwitzerland, iLuxembourg ne-Ireland.

Nakuba kunzima ukuhlola ngokunembile, ithonya elikhulayo le-shadow banking alikwenzi Akungatshazwa. Izingozi ezingase zibe khona zikhathaza abalawuli, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukusebenzelana kwayo nohlelo lwamabhange oluvamile lwanda.

📍 Obani abadlali ababalulekile ekubhangeni kwethunzi?

I-Shadow Banking ihlanganisa izikhungo ezihlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu:

• Izimali zothango eziqagelayo 📉, isebenza kakhulu ezimakethe zesikhathi esizayo kanye nokuphuma kokunye okuyingozi.
• Imali yemakethe yemali 💵, ehlinzeka ngamasevisi eduze namabhange kodwa ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso somphakathi.
• Izinkampani zama-brokerage kanye nokuhweba okunemvamisa ephezulu 💻, umsebenzi wayo ongekho sobala kakhulu.
• Les ezinye izimali zokutshala izimali ⚖️, enamasu ayinkimbinkimbi abalekela imithetho evamile.
• Les izinhlangano ezihlelekile 🏢, njengezimoto zesikhashana ezisetshenziswa amabhange ukususa izimpahla eziyingozi kumashidi awo ebhalansi.

Abatshalizimali bezikhungo abanamandla njengezikhwama zempesheni 👴👵 nabo banendawo evelele.

📍 Yiziphi izingozi ze-shadow banking?

Nakuba kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa imithombo yezimali, i-shadow banking ayikho ngaphandle kwengozi. Izingozi zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Un ukuzuza ngokweqile 📈📉, amabhizinisi angamathunzi angekho ngaphansi kwezidingo zekhephithali ezifanayo namabhange.
• Un ukungabi sobala 🔍, imisebenzi eminingi ebalekela izibopho zokushicilela ulwazi.
• Ukumiswa kwenkokhelo uma kunesimo esibucayi ⛓, akekho obolekisa ngemali okokugcina onikezwayo ngokungafani nohlelo lwamabhange olujwayelekile.
• a ukusabalala kwengozis 💥 emkhakheni wamabhange olawulwayo, ngenxa yokukhula kwezixhumanisi phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili.
• des amathuba anda yokuxhashazwa kwemali engcolile 💰, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuqapha kwezifunda ezithile zezezimali ezingacacile.
• des izingozi ezinkulu zesistimu 💥💥 esimweni sokuwa kungazelelwe kwalesi simiso esingabonakali, njengoba kuboniswa inhlekelele ka-2008.

📍 Yiziphi izinguquko zakamuva zokulawula?

Ngemuva kwenkinga yezimali, abalawuli bafuna ukulawula kangcono ukubhengezwa kwethunzi, okunemiphumela elinganiselwe.

I-FSB yathuthukisa izincomo ngo-2011 zokuqapha uhlelo lwamabhange ethunzi futhi lunciphise ukweqisa kwalo. Eminye isetshenzisiwe, njengesibopho sokubika ukuthengiselana kokuphuma kokunye.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Neobanks kanye nokwehliswa kwemali ekhokhwayo yasebhange

Kodwa izindawo eziningi eziyimpumputhe zokulawula zisekhona. Ukuxhumana okudingekayo kwamazwe ngamazwe kuza ngokumelene ne izithakazelo ezihlukene zamazwe amakhulu. Kusenendlela ende okufanele kuyiwe ekulawuleni ngempumelelo i-shadow banking!

📍 Yayiyini indima ye-shadow banking enhlekeleleni yango-2008?

Uhlelo lwamabhange omthunzi ludlale indima ebalulekile ekuvuseni nasekusabalaliseni inkinga yezezimali ka-2007-2008.

Amabhizinisi amaningi anethunzi njengezimoto ezinenhloso ekhethekile (ama-SIV, amapayipi, njll.) aye axhunyaniswa nemakethe yezemali yezindlu yase-US ecashile edale le nkinga. Babethenga wathola izikweletu ezimbi ngamabhange.

lapho imakethe ye-subprime zawa, lezi zimoto azikwazanga ukukhokhela izikhundla zazo futhi zaqothuka. Ukutheleleka kwabe sekusakazekela emkhakheni wamabhange wendabuko. 💥💥

I-Hedge funds nayo inakho yandisa inkinga ngokuqagela ku-CDS. Izimali zemakethe yemali zihlangabezane nokumiswa okukhulu kokuhlengwa, okudinga ukungenelela komphakathi.

Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwabonisa ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwebhange le-shadow kungenza kanjani ukuthunaza lonke uhlelo ezezimali kanye nomnotho wangempela.

📍 Liyini ikusasa le-shadow banking?

Naphezu kwezingozi, i-shadow banking kufanele iqhubeke ikhula eminyakeni ezayo.

Amazinga enzalo aphansi kanye nokusesha kwabatshalizimali ukuthola isivuno kufanele vuselela lolu hlelo olungalawulwa, enenzuzo enkulu kodwa engazinzile.

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe efana ne-blockchain ingase futhi ikhuthaze ukuvela kwemisebenzi emisha yezezimali ebalekela abalawuli bendabuko.

Inselele izoba ukuhlanganisa kangcono i-shadow banking ekuqondisweni kwezimali emhlabeni jikelele, ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukuqanjwa kabusha. Umsebenzi onzima ozodinga ukubambisana okwengeziwe kwamanye amazwe!

🏁 Ukuvala

Ubukhulu bebhange bethunzi bubonisa isidingo sokulawulwa okungcono imisebenzi yezezimali eyingozi emhlabeni jikelele. Amaphutha ohlelweni kufanele alungiswe ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezintsha ezibhubhisayo njengaleyo yango-2008.

Ithunzi lezezimali ayikakalungeli ukunyamalala, kodwa kufanele ihlanganiswe kangcono kunethiwekhi yokulawula yonkana. Kufanele kuqiniswe ukucaca nokuqapha kwayo. Abalawuli basenomsebenzi wabo osikelwe bona!

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Vula i-akhawunti yasebhange eku-inthanethi engu-100%.

Izwe lezezimali ilokhu ivela njalo. Umdlalo wekati negundane phakathi kwabadlali abasethunzini kanye neziphathimandla kulindeleke ukuthi uqhubeke, phakathi kwezindawo ezimpunga kanye nemizamo yokulawula. Into eyodwa iqinisekile: i-shadow banking inekusasa eliqhakazile ngaphambili kwayo eminyakeni ezayo!

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, nansi Indlela Yokudala Isipho Sebhizinisi Esingenakuvinjelwa