Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezimfoloko ku-cryptography

Emhlabeni imali ye-crypto, sisebenzisa igama ifom ukuqoka i-blockchain ehlukana ibe izinhlangano ezimbili ezihlukene ukusuka kubhlokhi ethile esimweni esithi “ umfoloko onzima ” noma ithola isibuyekezo esikhulu kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yayo uma kwenzeka “ imfoloko ethambile ". Njengoba wazi, alikho iqembu elinokulawula okuphelele kwenethiwekhi ye-blockchain. Wonke umsebenzisi kunethiwekhi angabamba iqhaza, inqobo nje uma elandela indlela echaziwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-consus algorithm. Nokho, kwenzekani uma le algorithm idinga ukushintshwa?

Yebo, imfoloko kuwumphumela wokuguqulwa kwe-blockchain consensus protocol. Imfoloko eqinile kwenzeka uma i-blockchain entsha ihlukana unomphela ku-blockchain yasekuqaleni.

Bonke abasebenzisi benethiwekhi kufanele babuyekeze isofthiwe yabo ukuze baqhubeke nokubamba iqhaza. I-Bitcoin Cash Fork ye-Bitcoin blockchain yasekuqaleni iyisibonelo esaziwa kakhulu semfoloko eqinile.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngomqondo othi "ifom” ku-cryptography. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, sikweluleka ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu i-Cryptographic Nonce.

Asihambe

Iyini imfoloko ku-cryptography?

Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona i-Bitcoin, eyaklanywa ukuthi isebenze njengenye indlela yedijithali ehlukaniselwe ukheshi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela izinhlobo zemali ezikhethekile, njenge Ripple et I-Monero. Ces ama-cryptocurrencies amasha akuvelanga nje, eziningi ziwumphumela wemfoloko.

Ngomqondo obanzi, imfoloko imane nje iwushintsho kuphrothokholi ye-blockchain esetshenziswa yisoftware ukunquma ukuthi ukuthengiselana kuvumelekile noma cha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe noma yikuphi ukwehlukana ku-blockchain kungabhekwa njengemfoloko.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi a imfoloko ikakhulukazi imfoloko eqinile, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain.

I-blockchain iwuchungechunge olwakhiwe ngamabhulokhi edatha asebenza njengencwadi yedijithali lapho ibhulokhi ngayinye entsha isemthethweni kuphela ngemva kokuba eyedlule iqinisekiswe iziqinisekisi zenethiwekhi. Idatha ku-blockchain ingalandelelwa emuva kokwenziwayo kokuqala kunethiwekhi.

Eqinisweni, lapho i-blockchain ihlukana kabili, ibizwa ngokuthi "imfoloko". Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamafoloko, okuyinhloko imfoloko eqinile, imfoloko ethambile et imfoloko yesikhashana. Zombili izimfoloko eziqinile nezithambile zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni imboni ye-blockchain isebenza futhi ilawulwa.

Kwamanye amaphrojekthi we-blockchain, izibuyekezo zephrothokholi ngendlela yamafoloko aqinile ziye zasungulwa kusukela kwethulwa iphrojekthi.

Izimfoloko eziqinile

Imfoloko eqinile kuwushintsho lwephrothokholi oludinga wonke amanodi kunethiwekhi ukuthi abuyekeze isofthiwe yawo ukuze aqhubeke nokubamba iqhaza kunethiwekhi.

Amanodi enguqulo entsha ye-blockchain awasahlangabezani nemithetho ye-blockchain endala, kodwa imithetho emisha kuphela. I-blockchain entsha ihluka ngokuqhubekayo enguqulweni yakudala.

Ngakho-ke, imfoloko eqinile idala ama-blockchains amabili ahlala ndawonye, ​​futhi i-blockchain ngayinye ilawulwa isofthiwe yayo yephrothokholi.

Imfoloko eqinile idinga ukusekelwa okuningi (noma ukuvumelana) okuvela kubanikazi bezinhlamvu zemali abaxhunywe kunethiwekhi yohlamvu lwemali.

Okwe i-hard fork iyamukelwa, inombolo eyanele yama-node kufanele ibuyekezwe enguqulweni yakamuva yesofthiwe yephrothokholi. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi basebenzise uhlamvu lwemali olusha kanye ne-blockchain.

Ake sithathe njengesibonelo yenethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin. Njengoba i-Bitcoin iqhubeka nokuheha abasebenzisi abaningi, ukuthengiselana kunethiwekhi yabiza kakhulu. Amanye amalungu omphakathi aqala ukungabaza izizathu zalesi simo.

Inkinga, ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke umphakathi, okuhlanganisa abavukuzi, onjiniyela, nabanye abasebenzisi, abakwazanga ukubonakala bevumelana ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuletha lolu shintsho. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yezingxoxo, kwavela izikole ezimbili ezivelele zomcabango.

Kungani kwenzeka izimfoloko ezinzima?

Uma izimfoloko ezinzima zinganciphisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwe-blockchain, kungani zenzeka? Impendulo ilula. Izimfoloko ezinzima ziyizithuthukisi ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe inethiwekhi njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain buqhubeka nokuvela.

Izizathu eziningana zingabangela imfoloko eqinile, futhi akuzona zonke ezimbi:

• Engeza izici   
• Lungisa ubungozi bokuphepha    
• Xazulula ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi komphakathi we-cryptocurrency   
• Hlehlisa ukuthengiswa kwe-blockchain

Izimfoloko eziqinile zingenzeka nangengozi. Imvamisa, lezi zigameko zixazululwa ngokushesha futhi labo abebengasavumelani ne-blockchain eyinhloko babuyela emuva bajoyine ngemuva wabona ukuthi kwenzekeni.

Ngokufanayo, amafoloko aqinile anezela izici kanye nokwenza ngcono inethiwekhi ngokuvamile avumela labo abehluleka ukufinyelela ukuvumelana ukuthi bajoyine iketango eliyinhloko.

Izimfoloko ezithambile  

Imfoloko ethambile iwuhlobo lokuvuselelwa kwesoftware ku-blockchain. Ngokushesha lapho yamukelwa yibo bonke abasebenzisi, ihlanganisa amazinga amasha aqondene nohlobo lwemali.

Izimfoloko ezithambile zisetshenziselwe ukuletha izici ezintsha, ngokuvamile ezingeni lokuhlela, ukuze kokubili i-Bitcoin ne-Ethereum. Njengoba umphumela uyi-blockchain eyodwa, izinguquko zibuyela emuva zihambisana namabhulokhi angaphambi kwemfoloko.

Kalula nje, imfoloko ethambile ikhuthaza i-blockchain endala ukuthi yamukele imithetho emisha. Ngakho-ke, ukwamukela kokubili amabhulokhi abuyekeziwe kanye namabhulokhi okwenziwayo amadala.

Ngakho-ke, ngokungafani nemfoloko eqinile, imfoloko ethambile igcina i-blockchain endala ngokugcina izindlela ezimbili ezinamasethi ahlukene wemithetho. Isibonelo semfoloko ethambile okusetshenziswe ngempumelelo isibuyekezo sephrothokholi ye-Bitcoin SegWit yango-2015.

Ngaphambi kwesibuyekezo se-SegWit, iphrothokholi ye-Bitcoin ibibiza kakhulu, icishe ibe ngama-dollar angama-30 ngokuthengiselana ngakunye, futhi yinde. Abadali balokho okuzoba isibuyekezo se-SegWit baqaphele ukuthi idatha yesiginesha imelela cishe u-65% webhulokhi yokuthenga. Ngakho-ke, i-SegWit ihlongoze ukwandisa usayizi we-block isebenza ukusuka ku-1 MB ukuya ku-4 MB.

Umqondo walokhu kwanda wawuwukuhlukanisa noma ukususa idatha yesiginesha kudatha yokuthengiselana kubhulokhi ngayinye ye-blockchain, kukhululwe isikhala sokusebenza okukhulu kokuthengiselana ngebhulokhi ngayinye. Ngokusebenzisa imfoloko ethambile, i-Bitcoin blockchain endala yakwazi ukwamukela amabhlogo amasha we 4 MB kanye namabhulokhi angu-1 MB ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngenqubo yobunjiniyela ehlakaniphile eyafometha imithetho emisha ngaphandle kokuphula emidala, imfoloko ethambile yavumela ama-node amadala ukuthi aqinisekise namabhulokhi amasha.

I-SegWit – imfoloko ethambile ye-Bitcoin blockchain

I-SegWit iwukuthuthukiswa okubuyela emuva okuhambisanayo kwephrothokholi ye-Bitcoin eshintsha ngokujulile ukwakheka kokuthengiselana ngokuhambisa idatha yesiginesha (ufakazi noma ufakazi) kusizindalwazi esihlukile (ihlukaniswe).

Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukulungisa ukungalungi kokuthengiselana, kodwa futhi ivumela ukwandisa umthamo wokuthengiselana we-Bitcoin, ukuthuthukisa ukuqinisekiswa kwamasignesha nokwenza lula ukuguqulwa kwephrothokholi yesikhathi esizayo.

Labo abasivikela lesi siphakamiso “ SegWit »kucatshangelwe ukuthi kwakungadingekile ukwandisa usayizi wamabhulokhi we-Bitcoin unomphela, ngenxa yezinkinga zokuqina; ukusebenza kahle kwe-node kuzodinga izinsiza eziningi ze-hardware.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, babekholelwa kumkhawulo wosayizi webhulokhi we-megabyte eyodwa uSatoshi Nakamoto owengeza ku-Bitcoin ngo-2010. Ukuze uhlale uhambisana nombono kaNakamoto, leli qembu lacwaninga indlela yokuvumela ukuthengiselana okwengeziwe ngebhulokhi ngayinye ngenkathi igcina ubukhulu bebhulokhi bufana, futhi yazalwa kanjalo i-SegWit.

Umehluko phakathi kwamafoloko aqinile nezimfoloko ezithambile

Izimfoloko eziqinile akuyona ukuphela kwendlela yokuthuthukisa isoftware ngemuva kwe-cryptocurrency. Izimfoloko ezithambile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibhekwa njengenye indlela ephephile nehambisanayo ebuyela emuva, okusho ukuthi ama-node angathuthukeli ezinguqulweni ezintsha asazobona iketango njengolusebenzayo.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemfoloko eqinile nemfoloko ethambile isidingo sokuvuselela isofthiwe ye-node.

Ama-node enguqulo entsha ye-blockchain amukela imithetho yakudala isikhathi esithile, ngaphezu kwemithetho emisha, futhi inethiwekhi igcina inguqulo endala ngenkathi entsha idalwa.

Imfoloko ethambile ingasetshenziswa ukwengeza izici ezintsha nemisebenzi engashintshi imithetho okufanele ilandelwe yi-blockchain. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa izici ezintsha ezingeni lokuhlela.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono umehluko phakathi kwamafoloko aqinile namafoloko athambile, kungacatshangwa njengokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokusebenza eyisisekelo kudivayisi yeselula noma ikhompuyutha.

Ngemva kokuthuthukisa, zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza kudivayisi zisazosebenza nenguqulo ye-OS entsha. Imfoloko eqinile, kulesi simo, ingaba ushintsho oluphelele ohlelweni olusha lokusebenza. Kwesinye sezihloko zethu siyachaza Konke Okuzodinga Ukwazi Nge-Crypto Airdrops