Konke mayelana namathuluzi ezezimali

Amathuluzi ezezimali achazwa ngokuthi isivumelwano phakathi kwabantu/amaqembu ephethe inani lemali. Zingadalwa, kuxoxiswene ngazo, zixazululwe noma zilungiswe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezinhlangothi ezithintekayo. Kalula nje, noma iyiphi impahla enemali futhi okungadayiswa ngayo imakethe yezezimali ibizwa ngethuluzi lezezimali. Ezinye izibonelo zamathuluzi ezezimali yilezi amasheke, amasheya, amabhondi, ikusasa nezinketho zenkontileka.

Amathuluzi ezezimali ayimpahla leyo kungaxoxiswana ngakho, noma zingabuye zibhekwe njengezinqwaba zemali ezingadayiswa.

Izinhlobo eziningi zamathuluzi ezezimali ziqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle nokudluliselwa kwemali enkulu kubatshalizimali emhlabeni wonke. Lezi zimpahla kungaba ukheshi, ilungelo lenkontileka ukuletha noma ukwamukela ukheshi noma olunye uhlobo lwethuluzi lezezimali, noma ubufakazi bobunikazi bebhizinisi.

Kulesi sihloko, ithimba le Finance de Demain uzibophezele ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana namathuluzi ezezimali. Kepha okokuqala, nansi iphrothokholi ekuvumela ukuthi wakhe eyakho Ibhizinisi lokuqala ku-inthanethi.

Asihambe

🌿 Liyini ithuluzi lezezimali?

Ithuluzi lezezimali lisho noma yiluphi uhlobo lwempahla engahwetshwa abatshalizimali, noma ngabe yibhizinisi elibambekayo njengesakhiwo noma inkontileka yesikweletu.

Amathuluzi ezezimali angaphinda afake iqoqo lemali esetshenziswa kutshalomali, esikhundleni sempahla eyodwa. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimpahla ezifaneleka njengamathuluzi ezezimali? Kungaba yinoma yini kusukela kukheshi kuya esitokweni.

Amathuluzi ezezimali angaba amadokhumenti angempela noma izivumelwano ezibonakalayo, ezimelela ubunikazi bento ethile yenani lemali. Kunezigaba ezimbalwa ezihlukene okufanele zicatshangelwe.

• Amathuluzi ezezimali asekelwe ekulinganeni: isivumelwano simelela ubunikazi obuzuzisayo bempahla
• Amathuluzi Ezezimali Asekelwe Isikweletu: inkontileka imele imali ebolekiwe eyenziwe ngumtshalizimali kumnikazi wempahla
• Amathuluzi ezezimali okushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe: isivumelwano sihlobene namazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali ye-Forex

Isibonelo sethuluzi lezezimali

I-XYZ Limited yinkampani yasebhange ekhipha amathuluzi ezezimali afana nemalimboleko, amabhondi, izikweletu zezindlu, amasheya kanye nezibambiso ezisekelwa yimpahla kumakhasimende ayo.

Lezi zingasebenza njengempahla yezezimali yenkampani yasebhange eshiwo kodwa kumakhasimende, yizikweletu zezimali kuphela okufanele zikhokhelwe yibona ngesikhathi esifanele.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemakethe yendawo kanye nemakethe yesikhathi esizayo?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani elifakwe amakhasimende ebhange lisebenza njengempahla yezezimali kumakhasimende afaka imali efanayo kuyilapho kuyisibopho sezimali senkampani yasebhange.

🌿 Izinhlobo zamathuluzi ezezimali

Amathuluzi ezezimali angahle ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: amathuluzi aphuma kokunye, amathuluzi emali noma amathuluzi okushintshanisa imali kwamanye amazwe.

1. Okuphuma kokunye

Okuphuma kokunye ingachazwa njengamathuluzi izici zazo kanye nenani elingatholwa ezinhlakeni zalo eziyisisekelo ezifana nalezi amanani enzalo, indices noma amafa, phakathi kokunye. Inani lalawa mathuluzi lingatholwa ekusebenzeni kwengxenye engaphansi.

Okuphuma kokunye kungamathuluzi ezezimali inani lawo elinqunywa kusukela ezimpahleni eziyisisekelo, ezifana nezinsiza, izimali, amabhondi, izitoko nezinkomba zemakethe.

Izibonelo ezinhlanu ezivame kakhulu zamathuluzi aphuma kokunye yizivumelwano zokwenziwa, ikusasa, ikusasa, izinketho, nokushintshashintsha. Leli phuzu lixoxwa kabanzi ngezansi.

Isivumelwano Sokuhwebelana Kwamanye Amazwe Sokwenziwa (SAFE): I-SAFE ivela emakethe ye-over-the-counter (OTC) futhi iyisivumelwano esiqinisekisa izinga lokushintshisana elicacisiwe lesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso.

Phambili : Ukudlulisela phambili kuyinkontileka phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbili ezibandakanya okuphuma kokunye okungenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo lapho ukushintshana kwenzeka ekupheleni kwenkontileka ngentengo ethile.

Ikusasa : Imakethe yesikhathi esizayo noma yesikhathi esizayo iwumsebenzi wokuphuma kokunye ohlinzeka ngokushintshisana kokuphuma kokunye ngedethi ethile yesikhathi esizayo ngenani lokushintshanisa elinqunywe kusengaphambili.

Izinketho : Inketho iyisivumelwano phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili lapho umdayisi enikeza umthengi ilungelo lokuthenga noma lokuthengisa inani lemikhiqizo ephuma kokunye ngentengo enqunywe kusengaphambili isikhathi esithile.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Yini okufanele ukwazi ngezinkomba zemakethe yamasheya?

Ukushintsha kwezinga lenzalo: Ukushintshaniswa kwesilinganiso senzalo isivumelwano sokuphuma kokunye phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbili esihilela ukushintshana kwezilinganiso zenzalo lapho inhlangano ngayinye ivuma ukukhokha ezinye izilinganiso zenzalo emalini ebolekiwe ngemali ehlukene. Ungafunda mayelana ukushintshana kwemali lapha.

2. Izinsimbi zemali

Amathuluzi kaMgcinimafa amathuluzi ezezimali inani lawo lithonywa ngokuqondile isimo sezimakethe. Zichazwa njengezinsimbi ezingaba lula idluliselwe futhi yahlolwa emakethe. Ngaphakathi kwamathuluzi e-treasury, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: izibambiso kanye namadiphozithi, kanye nemalimboleko.

Isihloko ithuluzi lezezimali elinenani lemali futhi lihwetshwa ngokuhwebelana. Uma kuthengwa noma kudayiswa, isibambiso simelela ubunikazi bengxenye yenkampani ehweba esidlangalaleni.

amadiphozithi kanye nemalimboleko zombili zingamathuluzi emali ngoba zimelela izimpahla zemali ezingaphansi kohlobo oluthile lwesivumelwano senkontileka phakathi kwezinhlangothi.

3. Amathuluzi Okushintshana Kwangaphandle

Amathuluzi okushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe amathuluzi ezezimali amelwe emakethe yangaphandle futhi aqukethe ikakhulukazi izinkontileka zokushintshanisa imali kanye nokuphuma kokunye. Ngokwezivumelwano zokushintshana, zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Izimakethe zamasheya ezihamba phambili emhlabeni

Indawo: Isivumelwano sokushintshaniswa kwemali yangaphandle lapho ukuhwebelana kwangempela kohlobo lwemali kungadluli usuku lwesibili lwebhizinisi ngemuva kosuku lwangempela lwesivumelwano. Kubizwa "indawo" ngoba ushintsho lwenziwe " Eskhaleni » (umkhawulo wesikhathi esinqunyelwe).

I-Outright Forward: Isivumelwano sokushintshaniswa kwemali yangaphandle lapho ukuhwebelana kwangempela kwezimali kwenziwa khona “ ngokuhamba kwesikhathi »nangaphambi kosuku lwangempela lwemfuneko okuvunyelwene ngayo. Kuyinzuzo esimweni sokuguquguquka kwamazinga okushintshanisa ashintsha njalo.

Ukushintshaniswa kohlobo lwemali: Ukushintshaniswa kwemali ibhekisela esenzweni sokuthenga nokuthengisa ngesikhathi esisodwa izimali ezinezinsuku zenani ezihlukile ezishiwo.

Izigaba zamafa zamathuluzi ezezimali

Ngale kwezinhlobo zamathuluzi ezezimali abalwe ngenhla, amathuluzi ezezimali angaphinda ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili zempahla. Izigaba ezimbili zezimpahla zamathuluzi ezezimali zingamathuluzi ezezimali asekelwe esikweletini kanye namathuluzi ezezimali asekelwe ekulinganeni.

1. Amathuluzi ezezimali asekelwe esikweletini

Amathuluzi ezezimali asekelwe esikweletini ahlukaniswa njengezindlela ibhizinisi elingazisebenzisa ukukhulisa inani lemali ebhizinisini. Izibonelo zifaka amabhondi, ama-debentures, ama-mortgages, Izikweletu ze-Treasury yase-US, amakhadi esikweletu kanye nemigqa yezikweletu (LOC).

Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo yebhizinisi, njengoba zivumela izinkampani ukuthi zikhulise inzuzo yazo ngokukhula kwezimali zazo.

2. Amathuluzi Ezezimali asekelwe kukulingana

Amathuluzi ezezimali asekelwe ekulinganeni ahlukaniswa njengezindlela ezisebenza njengobunikazi obusemthethweni bebhizinisi.

Basiza izinkampani ukuthi zikhulise imali yazo isikhathi eside uma ziqhathaniswa nezikweletu, kodwa ziyazuza eqinisweni lokuthi umnikazi akanasibopho sokukhokhwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikweletu.

Inkampani ephethe ithuluzi lezezimali elisuselwa ekulinganeni ingakhetha ukutshala imali eningi ethuluzini noma ilithengise noma nini lapho ibona kudingekile.

🌿 Ungakhetha kanjani amathuluzi ezezimali afanele?

Njengoba ubona, kunezinhlobo eziningi nezibonelo zamathuluzi ezezimali. Ungasikhetha kanjani isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sezidingo zakho zokutshala imali? Nawa amanye amathiphu okufanele uwakhumbule ukuthi ithimba le Finance de Demain ikhonjiwe.

1. Zibekele imigomo engokoqobo yezezimali

Amathuluzi ezezimali angakubeka endleleni elungile yokufeza izinhloso zakho zokutshala imali, kodwa udinga ukuzichaza kuqala.

Lokhu kungaba imigomo yesikhathi esifushane njengokukhulisa imali ukuze kuxhaswe ibhizinisi elisha, noma umgomo wesikhathi eside njengokuxhasa ngezimali ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ezinye izisetshenziswa zigxile kakhulu esikhathini esifushane, kanti ezinye ziyizikhwama zokutshala izimali zesikhathi eside.

2. Hlaziya iphrofayili yakho yobungozi

Sonke sinamaphrofayili ezingozi ahlukene, sihlanganisa izici ezingokwengqondo njengokubekezelela ubungozi nezimfuneko ezisekelwe ezidingweni zobungozi.

Uma unesifiso esikhulu sobungozi, okokusebenza kwezezimali okubandakanya imakethe yamasheya kungase kube ukukhetha okungcono kunamabhondi kahulumeni anobungozi obuncane anenkokhelo ephansi.

Ngokwemvelo, ikhono lakho lokuthatha ingozi kufanele futhi licatshangelwe. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane bangase babe nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe abangazigcina, lapho isikhwama sokubambisana esiphethwe isikhathi eside singase sibe inketho engcono kakhulu.

3. Qonda izinzuzo zethuluzi lezezimali ngalinye

Kunezinzuzo kanye nokubi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamathuluzi ezezimali. Kufanele uqhathanise izici ezifana nenhloso, izinga lobungozi, ukuphathwa, kanye nesikhathi ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.

Ngokwemvelo, izinga lakho lokuqala lokutshala imali kufanele lifake equation; ungalokothi utshale lokho ongeke ukwazi ukukulahlekela.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ithuluzi lisebenza kanjani, ngakho yenza ucwaningo lwakho ngezimali ezihlanganyelwe noma ukuhweba nge-Forex ngaphambi kokutshala imali. Labo abasha ekutshaleni imali bangase bafune ukunamathela kumathuluzi ezezimali angaxakile njengama-mutual funds.

Okokugcina, funa usizo kubaphathi bemali abangochwepheshe uma ungabaza. Ngokufanelekile kufanele ube ne- iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene equkethe izinhlobo ezimbalwa zamathuluzi ezezimali ngezinjongo zokuvikela. Uchwepheshe uzobekwa kahle ukukusiza.

🌿Izinzuzo zamathuluzi ezezimali

I-Financial Instrument inezinzuzo eziningana ezahlukene:

• Izimpahla eziwuketshezi njengokheshi nokulingana nokheshi ziwusizo olukhulu emabhizinisini njengoba zingasetshenziswa kalula ukukhokha ngokushesha noma ukuhlangabezana nezimo eziphuthumayo zezimali.
• Ababambe iqhaza ngokuvamile bazizwa belondeke kakhulu enhlanganweni esebenzise imali enkulu emalini yabo.
• Amathuluzi ezezimali ahlinzeka ngosekelo olukhulu lokuxhasa ngezimali izimpahla ezibambekayo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokudluliswa kwezimali zisuka ezimpahleni ezibambekayo ngokwazisa ziye ezimpahleni ezibambekayo ezishodayo.
• Camathuluzi ezezimali ukusabalalisa ubungozi ngokwamandla okuthatha ubungozi amaqembu abambe iqhaza ekufezekisweni kokutshalwa kwezimali ezimpahleni ezingaphatheki.
• Izinkampani ezikhetha ukutshala izimali ezimpahleni zangempela zenza imali engenayo ephezulu ngenxa yokuthi zithola iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene, zivikela ukwehla kwamandla emali, futhi zingakwazi ukumelana nokungaqiniseki okubangelwa izizathu zezombusazwe.

Amathuluzi ezezimali njengoba ukulingana kusebenza njengomthombo ongunaphakade wezimali wenhlangano. Endabeni yamasheya okulingana, ukukhokhelwa kwezabelo kubanikazi bamasheya kungokuzithandela.

🌿 Okubi amathuluzi ezezimali

Imikhawulo ehlukahlukene kanye nebubi be-Financial Instrument imi kanje:

• Izimpahla eziwuketshezi njengamabhalansi kuma-akhawunti okulondoloza kanye nezinye izimali ezifakwa ebhange zilinganiselwe ngokwembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali noma imbuyiselo ekutshalweni. Lesi sibalo siphezulu ngenxa yokuthi ayikho imingcele yokukhipha imali efakwa kuma-akhawunti okulondoloza imali namanye amabhalansi asebhange.
• Izimpahla eziwuketshezi njengamadiphozithi emali, ama-akhawunti emakethe yemali, njll. ingavimbela izinhlangano ukuthi zihoxe izinyanga noma ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka noma noma yini eshiwo esivumelwaneni.
• Uma inhlangano ifisa ukukhipha imali ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi esishiwo esivumelwaneni, ingajeziswa noma ithole izinzuzo eziphansi. Izindleko eziphezulu zokwenziwayo nazo ziyinkinga ezinhlanganweni ezisebenzelana noma ezifisa ukubhekana namathuluzi ezezimali.

Inhlangano akufanele ithembele kakhulu ezikweletini ezinjengothishanhloko nenzalo njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi zikhokhwe ngendlela efanele.

Amathuluzi ezezimali, njengamabhondi, akhiqiza kancane kakhulu kunezitoko. Izinkampani zingakwazi ngisho nokuzenzakalelayo kumabhondi.

Amanye amathuluzi ezezimali afana nokulingana awumthwalo wempilo yonke ebhizinisini. Ukulingana kusebenza njengomthwalo ongunaphakade enhlanganweni. I-Equity ayikwazi ukukhokhwa ngisho noma inhlangano inesamba esanele sezimali.

Nokho, ngokwezichibiyelo zakamuva, izinkampani zingakhetha ukubuyisela amasheya azo ngezinhloso zokukhansela kodwa lokhu kungaphansi kwemibandela ethile.

🌿 Yini okufanele siyikhumbule?

• Okususelwe kufana phambili nekusasa zingaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kumabhizinisi amancane, kodwa uma kuphela lezi zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. Uma lezi zisetshenziswa ngokungafanele, zingaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kanye nokuqothuka kwenhlangano.
• Izinhlangano kufanele zibe uqaphe kakhulu lapho usebenzelana nama-swaps, njengoba athwala izinga eliphakeme lobungozi.
• a ukuphathwa kahle kwezinsimbi ezezimali zingasiza amabhizinisi ehlise izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo futhi andise ukuthengisa nenzuzo.
• Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela noma abangenakho ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zezikweletu kanye nokonga okuhlelekile.
• Les amathuluzi ezezimali angakahleleki hlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezivumelana nezimo kakhulu kuye ngezidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Ingaqalwa futhi iqedwe emizuzwini embalwa ngemva kokufaka isicelo, njengoba okudingekayo nje irisidi elilula noma isivumelwano somlomo.

🌿 Isiphetho

Ukuze siphethe, kungashiwo ukuthi amathuluzi ezezimali awalutho kodwa idokhumenti esebenza njengempahla yezezimali yenhlangano eyodwa futhi njengesibopho kwenye inhlangano.

Lokhu kungaba ngendlela yamabhondi, ukheshi nokulingana nokheshi, imali efakwa ebhange, amasheya, amasheya athandwayo, njll. Uhlobo ngalunye lwethuluzi lezezimali lunezinzuzo zalo kanye nokubi.

Amathuluzi ezezimali kufanele asetshenziswe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuzuze izinzuzo eziningi. Lokhu kungabaluleka kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukunciphisa izindleko zawo futhi andise imali yawo engenayo.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlangano kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi zisebenzisa amathuluzi ezezimali ngendlela efanele ukuze zithole okuningi kuzo futhi zisuse ubungozi bokubuyela emuva.

Uma ungumeluleki wezezimali, ungasishiya ulwazi lwakho kumazwana. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe, nakhu ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele ekuhwebeni kwe-inthanethi.