Hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana, hōʻoia o ka stake a me ka hōʻoia o ka manawa i hala

Hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana, hōʻoia o ka stake, hōʻoia o ka manawa i hala, He aha kēla? I loko o kahi blockchain i hāʻawi ʻia, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā poloka i ʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia a hoʻohuli ʻia paha nā hana e kū nei. Hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā poloka hou wale nō ke ala e hoʻonui ai i kahi blockchain. Ma nā pūnaewele lehulehu, hiki i kēlā me kēia node ke komo i ka hana ʻana i nā poloka hou. ʻO ia ka hana a consensus algorithm e hoʻoholo ʻo ia nā node i lilo i "miners" a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hōʻoia.

He mea nui ka manaʻo consensus. Mālama ʻo ia i ka ʻōnaehana mai nā nodes maikaʻi ʻole i manaʻo ʻia e uhaki i nā lula i koho mua ʻia a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo e hana i nā kālepa hoʻopunipuni a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana hōʻeha Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia ʻano hana, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i kēia mau mea ʻekolu: Hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana, hōʻoia o ka stake, hōʻoia o ka manawa i hala.

Ma kēia ʻatikala e hōʻike wau iā ʻoe i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena Hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana, hōʻoia o ka stake, hōʻoia o ka manawa i hala. Akā ʻo ka mua, ma ʻaneʻi aʻo crypto-Jackpot kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke waiwai me nā cryptocurrencies.

E ka hele

He aha ka hōʻoia o ka hana a i ʻole ʻO ka hōʻoia o ka hana?

ʻO ka Decentralization kahi mea nui o ka ʻike mua no nā cryptocurrencies. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, pono e ʻimi ʻia kahi ala e hōʻoia ai i nā kālepa me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā ʻoihana kālā. ʻO ka hopena mua i kēia pilikia i kapa ʻia he hōʻoia o ka hana a i ʻole Hōʻike o ka Hana.

La Hōʻike o ka hana (ʻO PoW) kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā poloka kālepa hou i kahi blockchain's cryptocurrency. ʻO ka hana, i kēia hihia, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi hash i kūpono i ka hash target no ka poloka o kēia manawa. Loaʻa i ka mea miner cryptocurrency kūleʻa ke kuleana e hoʻohui i kēlā poloka i ka blockchain a loaʻa nā uku.

Loaʻa a hoʻomohala paha kēlā me kēia cryptocurrency i kahi blockchain, kahi papa inoa lehulehu i haku ʻia me nā poloka o nā kālepa. Me nā cryptocurrencies o ke ʻano "maopopo-o-hana", loaʻa i kēlā me kēia poloka o nā kālepa kahi hash kikoʻī. No ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka poloka, pono ka mea miner cryptocurrency e hoʻopuka i kahi hash i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole like me ko ka poloka.

No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻohana nā miners i nā mea mining e hana wikiwiki i nā helu. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka lilo ʻana i mea miner mua e kiʻi i ka hash target, no ka mea ʻo lākou ka mea hiki ke hoʻonui i ka blockchain a loaʻa nā makana cryptocurrency.

Inā hana maikaʻi ka hōʻike o ka hana i nā cryptocurrencies, ʻo kēia no ka mea paʻakikī ke loaʻa i ka hash target, aole nae e hooiaio. He paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana e pale i ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i nā moʻolelo kālepa. I ka manawa like, i ka manawa e loaʻa ai kahi hash target, maʻalahi i nā miners ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia iā ia.

Laʻana Hōʻoia o ka Hana

Eia kahi laʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o Bitcoin i ka hōʻoia o ka hana e mālama i ka pono o kāna blockchain.

Ke hana ʻia nā hana ʻo Bitcoin, hele lākou i kahi māka palekana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi poloka e ʻeli ʻia. ʻO ka algorithm hōʻoia o ka hana a Bitcoin a laila hoʻopuka i kahi hash no ka poloka. ʻO ka algorithm i hoʻohana ʻia e Bitcoin kapa ʻia ʻo SHA-256, a hoʻopuka mau ʻo ia i nā hashes 64 mau huaʻōlelo.

ʻO ka lāhui Miners ka mea mua e hoʻopuka i kahi hash i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hash block. Hiki i ka mea lanakila ke hoʻohui i ka poloka hope o nā hana i ka blockchain Bitcoin. Loaʻa iā ia nā uku bitcoin ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana kālā hou a me nā uku kālepa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka lako bitcoin kiʻekiʻe ma 21 miliona mau ʻāpana, akā, ma waho aʻe o kēlā, e hoʻomau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā miners i nā uku kālepa no kā lākou lawelawe.

ʻO ka algorithm proof-of-work i hoʻohana ʻia e Bitcoin e manaʻo e hoʻohui i kahi poloka hou i kēlā me kēia 10 mau minuke. Hana ia i kēia ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka mining bitcoin e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o nā miners e hoʻohui i nā poloka. Inā wikiwiki loa ka mining, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka helu hash. Inā hele mālie, maʻalahi lākou.

He aha ka Prof of Stake a i ʻole Proof of Stake?

Ua hoʻomaopopo mua nā mea hoʻomohala Ethereum i kēlā hōʻoia-o-hana e hōʻike i nā palena scalability e pono ai ke lanakila - a ʻoiaʻiʻo, e like me nā protocols no kālā hoʻopukapuka (a i ʻole DeFi) i hoʻohana ʻia e Ethereum ua ulu i ka kaulana, ua hakakā ka blockchain e hoʻomau, e alakaʻi ana i nā uku kiʻekiʻe.

Ua puka mai ʻo Prof of Stake (PoS) ma ke ʻano he koho i ka PoW. ʻOiai ka lanakila mua ʻana o bitcoin, ʻaʻole hiki iā PoW ke hoʻokō i ke koi no ka throughput kiʻekiʻe, me nā blockchains hope e koi ana i ka scalability a me ka wikiwiki o nā kumukūʻai kālepa.

Hoʻohui, hoʻopau nā ʻōnaehana PoW i ka nui o ka ikehu no ka mana computing i hoʻohana ʻia e nā miners. Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ka algorithm PoS ma 2011 ma Bitcointalk. ʻO Peercoin ʻO ia ka mea mua i hoʻokomo iā ia i hui pū me PoW, akā ua pālahalaha koke ka consensus algorithm i kāna mau ʻano like ʻole.

ʻAʻole like me nā pūnaewele PoW e hilinaʻi nei i nā miners, mālama ʻia nā blockchains PoS-powered e nā mea hōʻoia. Ua kapa ʻia ke kaʻina hana hōʻoia ma PoS "forging“. Inā makemake ka node e komo i ke kaʻina hana poloka, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e pono ai ke kau i ka hōʻailona maoli. ʻAʻohe pono e hoʻolilo i ka uila a kūʻai paha i nā mea hana kūikawā.

He aha nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o Prof of Work a me Prof of Stake

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mīkini ʻae ʻelua. No ka mea, ʻaʻole koi ʻo blockchains ma Prof of Stake i nā miners e hoʻolilo i ka uila ma nā kaʻina hana redundant (hoʻokūkū e hoʻoponopono i ka puzzle like), ʻae ʻo Prof of Stake i nā ʻoihana e hana me ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻohana waiwai.

Loaʻa i nā hana ʻae ʻelua nā hopena waiwai e hoʻopaʻi i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka pūnaewele a pale i nā mea hana ʻino. I ka hihia o ka hōʻoia o ka hana, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻi no nā miners nāna e hoʻouna i ka ʻike kūpono ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​poloka ke kumu kūʻai o ka mana helu, ikehu, a me ka manawa.

E pili ana i ka hihia o ka prof of stake, nā kālā crypto i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā validators e lilo i mea hoʻoikaika waiwai e hana i ka pono o ka pūnaewele. Inā ʻae ka mea hōʻoia i kahi poloka maikaʻi ʻole, ʻO kahi hapa o nā kālā āna i hoʻopaʻa ai e "oki ʻia" ma ke ʻano he hoʻopaʻi. ʻO ka nui o ka mea hōʻoia hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ma muli o ka pūnaewele.

He aha ka hōʻoia o ka manawa i hala?

ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo PoET, ʻo kēia ʻae ʻana he poema wale nō! Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka algorithm i nā blockchain i ʻae ʻia e like me Hyperledger. Hoʻohana ʻo PoET i kahi koho koho like ʻole e koho i ka node e lanakila ai i ka poloka hou.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo PoET e hoʻohana ma Hyperledger Sawtooth ma 2016/2017, i hoʻolauna ʻia e Intel. KA " Nā hana » pono e hui mua i ka pūnaewele, e kiʻi i ka palapala hōʻoia lālā. Aia lākou i loko o ka pūnaewele, pono e kali nā nodes i kahi manawa i hoʻoholo ʻia ma ke ʻano maʻamau. Pono ka mea miner e kali ma ka liʻiliʻi i ka manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e mine i kahi poloka hou ma ka blockchain.

Ma PoET, koho ʻia ka mea miner me ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa e hana i ka mining block i kēlā puni. Kūleʻa ka ʻōnaehana a koho i nā miners me kahi pae maikaʻi o ka randomness. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopau i ka uila a hiki i nā miners ke " e hiamoe » oiai e kali ana i ko lakou manawa.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka POeT i nā kaʻina hana kūikawā i hoʻomohala ʻia e Intel i kapa ʻia ʻo SGX - Software Guard Extensions. Hāʻawi ʻo SGX i ka hoʻokaʻawale kūpono o ka hoʻomanaʻo CPU ʻaʻole hiki ke komo a hoʻololi ʻia. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana he enclaves a hiki ke hana i nā kauoha kaʻawale a me ka hoʻopili hoʻomanaʻo.

Hiki i nā enclaves ke komo a hoʻololi i mālama ʻia i loko o kēia keʻena. Hoʻopili ʻia ke code a ʻaʻole hiki ke komo ma waho o ka enclave. ʻO ia ka mea e paʻa pono ai no nā kaʻina hana i loko o ka enclave.

En Ka hopena

Hoʻokumu ka mīkini POeT i kahi manawa kali maʻamau no ka mea miner, a loaʻa i ka mea miner ka manawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka code trust SGX. Ma hope o ke kali ʻana i ka manawa, e loaʻa i ke keiki liʻiliʻi kahi palapala e hōʻike ana ua kali ʻo ia i ka manawa kūpono. I ka manawa e mina ai ka poloka, hoʻolaha ka mea miner i ka poloka me ka palapala hōʻoia. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka blockchain, hiki i ka mea miner ke loaʻa a i ʻole ka uku no ka hana.

ʻO kēia ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka hōʻoia hōʻoia a me nā mīkini hōʻoia i loko o kahi blockchain. Akā ma mua o kou haʻalele ʻana, eia a ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻouna hoʻokuʻu piha hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai.