Dab tsi yog qhov tsis muaj nyob hauv cryptography?

Cryptocurrency miners tsim cov blocks tshiab thiab siv tau lawv, ces cov blocks no ntxiv rau Blockchain. Raws li cov miners sim siv cov blocks no, lawv yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm thaum ntxov. Qhov no tso cai rau qhov thaiv no tau txais los ntawm cryptocurrency network. Nws yog los ntawm lub sijhawm no los lub cryptographic nonce.

Nonce ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab hais txog tus lej uas siv tau ib zaug xwb. Nws yog tus lej random lossis semi-random tsim rau kev siv tshwj xeeb.

Nws muaj feem xyuam nrog kev sib txuas lus cryptographic thiab cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis (IT). Lo lus txhais tau tias "tus lej siv ib zaug"Ou"tus lej ib zaug” thiab feem ntau hu ua cryptographic nonce.

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, koj yuav kawm txhua yam txog Nonces. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, kuv xav kom koj nyeem cov lus no ntawm cryptographic forks.

Feem ntau, tus nonce yog tus nqi uas txawv raws sij hawm los xyuas kom meej tias cov nqi tshwj xeeb tsis rov siv dua. Nws tuaj yeem yog daim ntawv teev sijhawm, lub txee ntawm kev mus ntsib rau nplooj ntawv web, lossis tus cim tshwj xeeb npaj los txwv lossis tiv thaiv tsis tau tso cai rov ua dua lossis rov ua dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Lwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm nonce yog dab tsi?

Hauv kev siv dav dav, sab nraud ntawm kev suav, nws muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Lawv suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

Nonce tuaj yeem txhais tau tias "rau lub sijhawm tam sim ntawd"Ou"rau lub sijhawm". Ib lo lus nonce yog ib qho neologism - ib lo lus tshiab los yog kab lus - uas yog tsim rau ib leeg siv, xws li suav nrog hauv kev ua yeeb yam.

Ib zaug tsim, tsis yog lo lus feem ntau ua rau lawv txoj hauv kev txhua hnub. Piv txwv, Lewis Carroll tau sau lo lus "luag” rau zaj paj huam Jabberwocky, thiab James Joyce tau sau lo lus "quark" rau nws qhov tshiab Finnegans Wake.

Nonce commands yog ib lo lus architectural piav txog cov kev cai tsim tshwj xeeb los yog spinoffs ntawm classic commands los yog tsim conventions nyob rau hauv architecture. Ib tug nonce kuj yog British slang rau ib tug pedophile.

Hom tsis muaj nuj nqis

Ib qho nonce tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm qhov nws tau tsim, randomly lossis sequentially. Ib tug random nonce yog tsim los ntawm stringing arbitrary tooj ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog tsim maj mam.

Kev siv cov txheej txheem nonce ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tseem ceeb tsis rov ua dua, tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua, thiab tsis txhob siv qhov chaw tsis tsim nyog.

Siv txoj kev random nonce tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam uas sau ntau tus yuam sij hauv ib qho system. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ib qho nonce yuav muaj ob qho tib si random thiab sequential.

Piv txwv, ib lub sij hawm ntawm 15:01 17/09/2020 yuav yog ib tug sequential nonce, raws li nws yog tsim incrementally. Nws yog qhov tsis zoo uas tus nqi tau tshwm sim ua ntej lossis yuav tshwm sim dua. Nws yog me ntsis kwv yees. Ib tug neeg nyiag nkas tuaj yeem kawm cov qauv qauv ntawm cov yuam sij sij hawm thiab kwv yees tus nqi tom ntej.

Lub pseudo-random tooj generator tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam tsis paub tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis tshua muaj qhov tshwj xeeb vim muaj lub caij nyoog uas tib tus lej tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntau dua ib zaug.

Yuav siv li cas?

Nonce tus nqi tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv suav nrog, suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

Hash. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm siv nonce qhov tseem ceeb los hloov cov tswv yim mus rau ib txoj haujlwm. cryptographic hash. Qhov no pab ua kom tiav cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg thiab muab cov kev xav tau nyuaj.

Kev pib. Ib qho pib vector yog ib qho tsis siv rau cov ntaub ntawv encryption. Nws tsuas yog siv ib zaug hauv kev sib kho thiab zam kev rov ua ntu zus hauv cov ntawv ciphertext. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov rov ua dua tuaj yeem pab tus neeg tawm tsam rhuav tshem tus cim.

Kev tswj tus kheej. Kev rov qab los ntawm tus as-qhauj, ob qhov kev lees paub qhov tseeb, lossis kev kos npe rau ib leeg yog kev tswj hwm tus kheej uas tuaj yeem siv tsis muaj nuj nqis.

Electronic kos npe. Tsis pub leejtwg paub qhov tseem ceeb yog qee zaum siv los ntawm cov cuab yeej kos npe hauv hluav taws xob los tsim, sib piv, thiab txheeb xyuas qhov kos npe.

Cryptocurrency. Hauv qee qhov cryptocurrencies, ib qho tsis yog siv los tsim ib qho cryptographic hash uas txuas mus rau blockchain. Hauv Bitcoin mining, ib qho golden nonce hais txog tus nqi hash hauv qab lub hom phiaj nyuaj.

Asymmetric cryptography. Hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm pej xeem-keycryptography, xws li hauv kev sib tuav tes Ruaj Ntseg Txheej Txheej / Thauj Txheej Kev Ruaj Ntseg, ob lub cim nonce qhov tseem ceeb yog pauv.

Ib tus nqi yog muab los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom thaum lwm tus yog muab los ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov. Qhov no yog hu ua asymmetric cryptography, thiab nws tiv thaiv txhua qhov kev sib txuas los ntawm kev tawm tsam lossis cuam tshuam.

Hardware cuam tshuam li cas tsis muaj pov thawj?

Yuav kom tau txais txiaj ntsig rau Nonce pov thawj, cov miners yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo thaum ntxov. Ua li no, cov miners yuav tsum muab lawv cov mining systems nrog lub zog GPUs, uas qiv lawv lub zog ua haujlwm rau blockchain network. Yog tias tus miner pom Golden Nonce, nws ntxiv rau Blockchain thiab tus miner tau txais nqi zog rau nws.

Ib qho nonce yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub blockchain, uas tsuas yog siv tau ib zaug hauv cryptographic thev naus laus zis, tsis hais txog lwm cov ntaub ntawv, uas tej zaum yuav lossis tsis hloov.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Bitcoins, miners twv ib tug Nonce uas pib nrog tus naj npawb ntawm zeros, uas yog ua raws li los ntawm kev ntxiv ib qho tshiab block nrog nonce rau Bitcoin Blockchain. Tus miner tau txais nqi zog rau kev ua tiav txoj haujlwm no.

Nonces yog siv hauv kev sib txuas lus cryptographic los txheeb xyuas qhov kev tawm tsam rov qab. Lub blockchain tsuas lees txais Nonces uas yog tshwj xeeb, cim nrog lub sijhawm sib txawv, raws li lawv sib txawv raws sijhawm.

Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev daws cov lej sib npaug kom tau txais Nonces tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov miners mining ib qho txiaj ntsig.

Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tshawb pom qhov tsis raug cai yog nce thaum ntau tus miners pib mining ib qho txiaj ntsig. Nws raug kho kom muaj kev nyuaj tsawg dua yog tias tus lej ntawm cov miners pib poob.

Yog li, tus Nonce yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Bitcoin, vim hais tias nws yog tshwj xeeb thiab txawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj ob Nonces muaj nqi tib yam los yog pib nrog tib tus naj npawb ntawm zeros ua ntej lawv.

Txhua tus tshiab Nonce yog li ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab kho tus nqi hash kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm lub network.

Cryptographic nonce piv txwv

Lub cryptographic nonce yog siv rau hauv kev lees paub kev cai lij choj los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam rov qab. Replay tawm tsam tshwm sim thaum tus neeg tawm tsam cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv kev thauj mus los thiab tom qab ntawd siv nws kom nkag mus rau lub network tiv thaiv.

Cov chaw lag luam e-lag luam feem ntau siv qhov tsis yog los ua tus thawj coj rau txhua qhov kev yuav khoom. Yog tsis muaj qhov no, tus neeg tawm tsam tuaj yeem rov ua cov ntaub ntawv encrypted ntau zaus raws li qhov xav tau thiab tso xaj ntxiv siv tib lub npe tus account thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav khoom.

Tus muab kev lag luam e-lag luam PayPal siv nonces hauv nws cov txheej txheem encryption xa cov ntaub ntawv them nyiaj rhiab. Qhov no pab lub tuam txhab ua raws li daim npav them nyiaj kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg tus qauv.

Tsis siv neeg hauv cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrencies siv blockchain mining, cov txheej txheem ua phooj ywg-rau-tus phooj ywg los tswj kev ruaj ntseg thiab qhov tseeb ntawm blockchain ledger. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem, blockchain miners sau cov txiaj ntsig digital thiab tsim Bitcoins tshiab lossis lwm yam cryptocurrencies.

Cov miners siv tau qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv tshiab rau lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv pej xeem ntawm kev ua lag luam yav dhau los, tsim lub blockchain.

Miners siv sophisticated software thiab algorithms los daws cov teeb meem nyuaj. Thawj tus miner los daws qhov teeb meem tau txais qhov thaiv tshiab ntawm cryptocurrency lawv ua haujlwm nrog.

Nonce yog tus naj npawb arbitrary uas cov miners yuav tsum nrhiav - qhov tseem ceeb kwv yees - los tsim tus lej tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau lub hom phiaj hash. Ntawm no yog ib tsab xov xwm uas piav qhia tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm mining cryptocurrencies.

Kev daws qhov nonce yuav tsum tau sim thiab ua yuam kev vim nws yog txoj hlua random. Miners yuav twv qhov nonce, ntxiv rau tam sim no block header hash, rehash tus nqi, thiab saib seb nws tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau lub hom phiaj hash tus nqi.