Angakunceda njani umcwangcisi wezezimali?

Ucwangciso lwezemali lwenziwa yonke imihla, ngelixa uhlonipha izakhono zakho kunye nezinto eziphambili kuwe. Iziganeko zobomi zihlala zingalindelekanga. Isicwangciso esilungileyo sezemali siyaguquguquka kwaye kufuneka sibonise iminqweno yakho kunye nobunyani bakho. Umcwangcisi wezezimali uyakunceda ukuphuhlisa i ibhajethi yomtshato wakho umzekelo.

Kule nqaku, Finance de Demain ikwazisa ngendima yomcwangcisi wemali. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale, nantsi imfundo epheleleyo yokurhweba kuwe.

🥀 Wenza ntoni umcwangcisi-mali?

Umcwangcisi wezezimali unceda ukuba uqonde ukuba zeziphi iinjongo zakho zemali. Ikunceda ukuba uphuhlise isicwangciso sokufezekisa. Nokuba igcina ikhaya elitsha,ukutyala imali yomhlalaphantsi, bekela bucala imali yokufundisa abantwana bakho, wenze isigqibo ngemveliso yeinshorensi oyifunayo, okanye zonke ezi zingasentla.

Bahlalutya yonke imiba yemeko yakho yezemali kwaye basebenzise ubuchule kunye nokuqonda kwabo ukukunceda uchaze kwaye ufezekise iinjongo zakho. Oku kunokubandakanya izicwangciso ze imbuyekezo yetyala, Ulwabiwo olufanelekileyo lwe-asethi yeeakhawunti zakho zomhlalaphantsi, njl.

🥀 Umcwangcisi-mali vs uMcebisi wezeziMali

Imigaqo umcwangcisi wemali et umcebisi wezezimali zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo. Enyanisweni, zombini iintlobo zeengcali zibonelela ngeenkonzo zokucwangcisa imali ezinceda abathengi ukuba bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemali.

abacebisi bezezimali, nangona kunjalo, zithathwa ngokubanzi njengodidi olubanzi kakhulu. Ziingcali ezilawula utyalo-mali lwakho, zilungiselele ukhuseleko lwe-inshurensi kwaye zisebenze njenge-stockbroker, ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo zocwangciso lwezemali. Abacwangcisi bezemali banciphisa iinkonzo ekujoliswe kuzo.

🥀 Iindidi zoMcwangcisi-mali

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba " umcwangcisi wemali yona ngokwayo ligama eliyi-umbrella elingalawulwayo. Nabani na unokuzibiza ngokuba ngumcwangcisi wezezimali kwaye anikezele ngeenkonzo zokucwangcisa imali.

Abanye banokuzingca kwimiba ethile yokucwangcisa enjengomhlala-phantsi okanye ulawulo lwerhafu. Abanye, nangona kunjalo, bathatha indlela ebanzi ngakumbi. Abambalwa basenokungakunqweneli okona kulungileyo kwaye baphephe ngokufanelekileyo.

✔ IFiduciary Financial Planner

Umcwangcisi wezezimali othembekileyo kufuneka enze okona kulungileyo kumxhasi wakhe. Igama elithi fiduciary duty lithetha ukuba umcwangcisi kufuneka abeke iimfuno zemali zomthengi wakhe ngaphambi kwezakhe.

Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, umcwangcisi wezezimali othembekileyo kufuneka anike abathengi babo izisombululo ezingcono kakhulu ngexabiso eliphantsi. Oku kungakhathaliseki nayiphi na imirhumo okanye iikhomishini ezifunyanwa ngumcwangcisi, kumxhasi okanye eminye imithombo.

Abanye abacwangcisi bezemali babanjwe kuphela kumgangatho wokwanela. Phantsi komgangatho wokufaneleka, iingcebiso zomcwangcisi wezezimali kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zakho. Kodwa bavunyelwe ukuba bacebise iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezikubiza imali ephezulu okanye uzifumanele iikhomishini eziphezulu kuneemveliso ezifanayo.

Xa ukhetha umcwangcisi wezezimali, umgaqo-nkqubo ongcono uhlala ukhetha i-trustee ukuze wazi iimveliso kunye neenkonzo abazicebisayo ukuba zilungele wena, kungekhona kubo.

✔ Umcwangcisi wezeMali oQinisekisiweyo (CFP)

ISicwangciso sezeMali esiQinisekisiweyo sisiqinisekiso soshishino esineemfuno ezingqongqo zemfundo kunye nezokuziphatha ezilungiselela ngokupheleleyo izatifikethi zokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokucwangcisa imali ezibanzi.

Ngokucacileyo, zonke ii-CFPs kufuneka zisebenze njengetrasti, kwaye uninzi lusebenza ngentlawulo-kuphela. Oko kuthetha ukuba baya kuhlawulwa nguwe kuphela, kungekhona ngeemveliso abazicebisayo.

Ngenxa yoqeqesho olubanzi kunye nemigangatho yokuthembeka, Ii-CFP ziintsika zoluntu lokucwangcisa imali kwaye apho abathengi abaninzi bakhetha ukuqala uhambo lwabo locwangciso lwezemali.

✔ Umcebisi woTyalo-mali

Abacebisi ngotyalo-mali ngabantu okanye iifemu ezinceda abathengi bathenge kwaye bathengise izibambiso kwaye banokubonelela ngeengcebiso zemali. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili, ngokukodwa ezahlulwe ngokuhambelana nokuba zihambelana nomgangatho wokwanela okanye umgangatho wokuthembeka:

Abameli ababhalisiweyo: Abameli ababhalisiweyo bathenga kwaye bathengise izibambiso egameni labathengi babo kwaye banikwe ilayisenisi ngokubanzi ziifemu zokuthengisa ezibaqeshileyo. Ngabameli abaninzi ababhalisiweyo, uthatha izigqibo kwaye ummeli uzenza ngokulula.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye bazibonakalisa njengabacebisi bezezimali okanye abacwangcisi. Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenza noMmeli oBhalisiweyo obonelela ngeengcebiso zemali, khumbula ukuba zigcinwe kuphela kumgangatho wokufaneleka, onokuthi uchaphazele iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezinikezela kuwe.

Abameli babacebisi ngotyalo-mali: Abameli abaCebisa ngoTyalo-mali (ii-IAR) baqeshwe ziinkampani ezibizwa ngokuba ngabaCebisi abaBhalisiweyo boTyalo-mali (RIAs), ezizifemu ezibonelela ngeengcebiso zemali kunye neenkonzo zocwangciso.

Ngokungafaniyo naBameli ababhalisiweyo, ii-RAI zigcinwe kumgangatho wokuthembeka. Abaninzi banokuba neziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo, ezifana neeCFPs, zokuphucula amandla abo okucwangcisa imali.

✔ Robo-umcebisi

Abacebisi beRobo babonelela ngolawulo lotyalo-mali oluzenzekelayo. Uninzi lukubeka kwipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali echazwe kwangaphambili esekwe kwiinjongo zakho kunye nokuzimisela ukuthatha umngcipheko abaya kuthi ke bakulawulele kwaye bakugcinele ixesha.

Ezi bots zibuchwephesha be-RIAs, oku kuthetha ukuba zikwabanjwe kumgangatho we-fiduciary, kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi bancedisa iminikelo yabo ezenzekelayo ngocwangciso olubanzi lwemali olunikezelwa ngabacwangcisi babantu kunye neeCFPs.

Ukuba ungumtyali-mali omtsha odinga kuphela iinkonzo zomcwangcisi wezezimali, le ndlela yokudibanisa inokuba yinto efanelekileyo.

✔ umphathi wobutyebi

Enyanisweni, abaphathi bobutyebi ngabacwangcisi bezemali kubantu abanexabiso eliphezulu. Ngenxa yabathengi abasebenza nabo, basebenza ngokukodwa kwimiba yocwangciso lwezemali edla ngokuchaphazela abantu abazizityebi, njengokucwangciswa kwezindlu, ucwangciso lomthetho, kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko ukuze kugcinwe impahla.

Njengakwigama elithi umcwangcisi wezezimali, umphathi wobutyebi akalawuleki, nto leyo ethetha ukuba nabani na, nokuba uthini na ngeziqinisekiso zakhe, angazibiza ngokuba ngumphathi wobutyebi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanye kuphela, kodwa ingengabo bonke, abaphathi bobutyebi abangabaphathiswa.

🥀 Ngaba ufuna umcwangcisi wezezimali?

Nangona phantse wonke umntu unokuzuza kwiinkonzo zomcwangcisi-mali, inyaniso kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onokufuna enye. Ukuba imali yakho ilula ngokufanelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba uyasebenza, unogcino, kwaye ubeke imali kwi-akhawunti yomhlalaphantsi, usenokungafuni umcwangcisi wezezimali.

Nangona kunjalo, umcwangcisi wezezimali unokukunceda ukuba iimali zakho zinzima ngakumbi okanye imeko yakho iyatshintsha, njengokuba:

✔ Ufumana umvuzo omkhulu

Ukuba ufumana ukungena kwemali ngokukhawuleza, njengebhonasi enkulu yomsebenzi okanye ilifa emva kokufa komntu othandekayo, umcwangcisi wezezimali uya kusebenza nawe ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso semali ukuze ukwazi ukufezekisa iinjongo zakho.

✔ Umvuzo wakho uyatshintsha

Ukuba ufumana umsebenzi omtsha otshintsha kakhulu umvuzo wakho, umcwangcisi wezezimali unokukunceda wenze uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olutsha kwaye ulungelelanise iminikelo yakho yomhlalaphantsi.

✔ Uyatshata

Ukuba uyatshata, wena neqabane lakho elizayo ninokufuna ukudibana nomcwangcisi wezezimali ukuze nixoxe ngendlela yokulawula amatyala akhoyo, ukonga ikhaya elitsha, okanye ukucwangcisela abantwana kwixesha elizayo.

✔ uqhawule umtshato

Abacwangcisi bezemali nabo banokukunceda uhlangabezane neemeko ezinzima, ezinjengoqhawulo-mtshato. Ngokusebenzisana nomcwangcisi wezezimali ogqwesileyo kuqhawulo-mtshato, unokufumana uncedo ekumiseleni inkxaso yabantwana kunye ne-alimony, ukwahlula-hlula izinto zobuqu kunye nokuqonda imithetho yerhafu.

✔ Kufika umntwana omtsha entsatsheni

Ukuba uceba ukwamkela okanye ukubeleka, umcwangcisi wezezimali unokukunceda wenze isigqibo sokuba luhlobo luni lwemigaqo-nkqubo ye-inshorensi yobomi oyifunayo kunye nendlela yokulondoloza imfundo yekholeji yomntwana wakho.

🥀 Indlela yokukhetha umcwangcisi wezezimali 

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuba ukusebenza nomcwangcisi wezezimali sisigqibo esifanelekileyo kuwe, kukho izinto ezimbalwa oya kufuna ukuzijonga:

✔ Ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembela

Ngenxa yokuba nabani na unokuzibiza ngokuba ngumcwangcisi wezezimali, kububulumko ukufuna iziqinisekiso ezihlonelwa kakhulu, ezinje:

I-CFP: I-CFP ixhotyiswe kakuhle ukukunceda ucwangcise yonke imiba yobomi bakho bezemali. Ukuba ukhangela uncedo jikelele ekufumaneni imali yakho phantsi kolawulo, a CFP yindawo enkulu ukuqala njengoko bonke kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo kwaye enze njengoko trustees kubathengi babo.

I-CPA: UMcwangcisi-mali woLuntu oQinisekisiweyo (CPA) igqwesa kucwangciso lwerhafu kwaye inikwe ilayisenisi kwilizwe lakhe. Ukuba ujonge uncedo lokulawula ingeniso yakho erhafiswayo okanye ukunciphisa oko ukutyalayo ngexesha lerhafu, unokufuna ukujikela kwi-CPA.

I-CFA: Umhlalutyi wezeMali oQelekileyo (CFA) inokusebenza njengomcwangcisi wemali, nangona uninzi lukhetha ukunceda amashishini alawule iimali zawo, kunokuba abathengi ngabanye.

Oko kuthethiweyo, ukuba udibana ne-CFA enikezela ngeenkonzo zocwangciso lwezemali, yazi ukuba baphumelele iimviwo ezininzi ezingqongqo kushishino kwaye baneminyaka yamava obuchwephesha okubafanelekela esi sihloko.

✔ Umsebenzi wokuthembeka

Ukuba awulongcali yezemali ngokwakho, awuqhelananga nokungena nokuphuma kweemveliso ezininzi zemali kunye neekhowudi zerhafu ezinxulumene nazo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nengcaphephe ekukhokeleyo kwinkqubo eneminqweno yakho yezemali kuphela entliziyweni.

Ngelishwa, ayingabo bonke abacwangcisi bezemali abangabaxhasi. Abanye banikela iingcebiso kuphela kwiimveliso abazithengisayo, njengotyalo-mali oluthile okanye iiakhawunti zeinshorensi. Basenokukukhokelela kwiimveliso eziza kubafumana iikomishini eziphezulu.

✔ Ubume bentlawulo

Abacwangcisi bezemali banokuhlawulwa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bathembele kwiikhomishini ezivela kwiimveliso abazincomayo; abanye bahlawulisa ipesenti yempahla abalawulela yona. Ukanti abanye bahlawulisa ngeyure okanye ngenyanga okanye ngonyaka.

Qinisekisa ukuba uyazi ukuba umcwangcisi wakho wezezimali uya kuhlawulwa njani ngeenkonzo zabo ngaphambi kokuba uqhagamshelane nabo. Nkqu CFPs jikelele ukuze ngokukhethekileyo iintlobo ezithile abathengi, ezifana oogqirha, amagqwetha, okanye abo banetyala lemali-mboleko yabafundi eliphezulu.

Buza abacwangcisi bezemali abanokubakho malunga neentlobo zabantu abaqhele ukusebenza nabo. Kwakhona buza malunga neentlobo zeenkonzo abadla ngokunikezela ngazo. Ngale ndlela, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha ingcali enamava abanzi kwiintlobo zeengxaki zemali ojongene nazo.

🥀 isiphelo

Ukulungelelaniswa okugqibeleleyo kwengeniso kunye nenkcitho kunzima ukufezekisa ekusebenzeni. Yiloo nto ke ukucwangciswa kovimba wokuhlawula amatyala kudla ngokujolisa kwingxowa yemali ekujoliswe kuyo okanye kumda koovimba bendlela yokuhlawula.

Iimfuno ezithile zokuhlawula amatyala zecandelo ngalinye zithatha isigqibo malunga nesixa solu vimba wokuhlawula amatyala. Umcwangcisi-mali uyakunceda ukuba ulungelelanise utyalo-mali lwakho. Ngoku uyayazi indima yomcwangcisi wezezimali.

Ukuba ungomnye weengcali kwintsimi, ngoko usishiye amava akho kumazwana. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, nalu uqeqesho olukuvumela ukuba uphathe kakuhle imali yakho.