Konke malunga nokuchithwa kwemali

Ukuthengisa imali ngokungekho mthethweni ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemali apho umthombo wemali efunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ipropathi ifihliwe kunyanzeliso lomthetho kunye nabalawuli bezemali ngokuvelisa ukubonakala kokusemthethweni kweenzuzo ezingekho mthethweni. Ukurhwaphiliza ngemali kuyayifihla imvelaphi yemali okanye izinto eziphathekayo yaye kusenokwenziwa ngabantu, abaphephe irhafu, imibutho yezaphuli-mthetho, amagosa anganyanisekanga kwanabo baxhasa ngemali abanqolobi.

Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezininzi zijolise ekuveliseni inzuzo kumntu okanye iqela elizenzayo. Ukuthengisa imali ngokungekho mthethweni ukucubungula kwakhona ezi ngeniso zemvelaphi yolwaphulo-mthetho ukufihla imvelaphi yazo engekho mthethweni. Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu njengoko ivumela ulwaphulo-mthetho ukuba avune ezo zibonelelo ngelixa ekhusela umthombo wazo.

Ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo ngokungekho mthethweni, ukuthutyeleziswa kunye nezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, kuquka ukuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi nokuthengisa ngomzimba, kunokuvelisa iimali ezinkulu. Ubuqhophololo, ukurhweba ngaphakathi, ukunyoba okanye ubuqhophololo bekhompyutha nazo zivelisa inzuzo enkulu, nto leyo enika inkuthazo kubaphuli-mthetho ukuba “baqinisekise” ezi ngenelo zifunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni ngokurhwaphiliza imali.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siqale, nantsi a gqibezela uqeqesho lokuthumela ngenqanawa onokuluthenga.

Makhe siye

Yintoni ukuxhaphaza imali?

Ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali kuchazwa njengendlela yokuguqulwa kwemali efunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni ukuze inguqulelo ibonakale isemthethweni. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuxhaphaza imali?

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngokungekho mthethweni kwenzeka xa indawo, umthombo, ubunini okanye ulawulo lwemali lububuxoki. Ukurhwaphiliza ngemali yinkqubo esetyenziswa ngabaphuli-mthetho ukuze kubonakale ngathi imali abanayo bayifumene ngokusemthethweni. Into abayenzayo kukuthatha imali emdaka - kwaye ngokwenene " ezihlambulukileyo ».

Xa besenza imali, izaphuli-mthetho kufuneka zifihle indlela kwaye kwakutheni ukuze loo mali ingene ezandleni zabo. Ukurhwaphiliza ngemali kubavumela ukuba benze oku, nto leyo eyenza kubonakale ngathi imali abanayo ivela kumthombo osemthethweni.

Ukurhwaphiliza ngemali akukho mthethweni kuba yindlela yokuba izaphuli-mthetho zizuze kulwaphulo-mthetho yaye ngokufuthi kubandakanya ngaphezu kwesinye isenzo esingekho mthethweni. Isenzo kunye nemvelaphi yokurhwaphiliza imali ikwenza kube semthethweni. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lokuqala lwenzeka xa ulwaphulo-mthetho lufumana imali kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwesibini luzama ukwenza imali efunyenwe ngokusemthethweni ngokurhwaphiliza amaziko emali.

Ukurhwaphiliza ngemali akukho mthethweni kuba yindlela yokuba izaphuli-mthetho zizuze kulwaphulo-mthetho yaye ngokufuthi kubandakanya ngaphezu kwesinye isenzo esingekho mthethweni. Isenzo kunye nemvelaphi yokurhwaphiliza imali ikwenza kube semthethweni. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lokuqala lwenzeka xa ulwaphulo-mthetho lufumana imali kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwesibini luzama ukwenza imali efunyenwe ngokusemthethweni ngokurhwaphiliza amaziko emali.

Amanqanaba okuthengiswa kwemali

Iindlela zokurhwaphiliza imali zininzi kwaye ziyakhula, kodwa inkqubo ihlala ibandakanya amanyathelo amathathu alandelelanayo:

‍ placement

Inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokuthutyeleziswa kwemali kulapho iinzuzo ezifunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni ziqaliswa khona inkqubo yezemali esemthethweni, zinqumle zibe ngamacandelo angazikhuphi izilumkiso phakathi kwabasemagunyeni. Ezinye iindlela zotyalo-mali eziqhelekileyo ukuguqula iindlela zokunika ingxelo ziquka iinkqubo zokubuyisela imali-mboleko, ukungcakaza kwiindawo zokungcakaza okanye kwiivenkile zokubheja, ukuthutyeleziswa, ukutshintshiselana ngemali, kunye neengxowa-mali ezixubeneyo.

‍ Indawo ephezulu

Inyathelo lesibini kwinkqubo yokuthutyeleziswa kwemali xa iileya ezilandelelanayo zokuba semthethweni zongezwa kwiimali ezibekwe ekuqaleni, de imvelaphi yokuwina ifihlakele ngokwaneleyo kwiziphathamandla ukuba ingabonakali njengokuba ibisoloko ingekho mthethweni. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zeli nyathelo ziquka, kodwa azikhawulelwanga, ukudluliselwa kwe-elektroniki phakathi kwamazwe, ukusetyenziswa kweenkampani zangaphambili, kunye nokudluliselwa kwemali phakathi kweebhanki ezininzi okanye phakathi kwee-akhawunti ezininzi ngaphakathi kweziko.

‍ Umdibaniso

Inqanaba lesithathu nelokugqibela lenkqubo yokuthutyeleziswa kwemali, kuxa umaphuli-mthetho efumana iimali zakhe ezingekho mthethweni, ngoku ezigutyungelwe ziingqikelelo zokuba semthethweni. ukuba umthombo awulandeleki. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zenqanaba lokungena kwi-onboarding of money laundering ziquka ukwenza utyalo-mali olusemthethweni kwiimali ezisemthethweni kunye nokuthengisa okanye ukuthenga izinto zexabiso eliphezulu.

‍Ngaba unokukuthintela ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali?

Imithetho echasene nokuThuthukiswa kweMali ngokungekho mthethweni (AML) ikhona ukuze kuthintelwe abaphuli-mthetho ekubeni benze ingeniso kolu lwaphulo-mthetho. Le migaqo ifuna ukuba imibutho yenze uphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayibi negalelo ngabom okanye ngempazamo kwingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwemali ngokungekho mthethweni.

I-Financial Action Task Force (FATF) yazisa ukuqondwa kwehlabathi kulo mba xa yayiseka ukuseka imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali. I-UK iphinde yamisela umzekelo ngokutyhala ukuqinisa ukhuseleko ngokusebenzisa i-watchdog entsha.

Ukuthintela ngakumbi ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali, iimfuno zokuchongwa kwabathengi abatsha zingqongqo kumaziko emali. Le yimiqathango I-KYC (Yazi Abathengi Bakho).

Imizekelo yokuthutyeleziswa kwemali

Ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunokwenziwa ngabantu, amaqela abantu okanye imibutho – esemthethweni okanye engekhoyo—yalo naluphi na ubungakanani, naphi na emhlabeni. Nantsi eminye imizekelo yabantu abanokwenza olu lwaphulo-mthetho lwemali:

‍ abathengisi beziyobisi

Ngenxa yokuba ishishini alikho semthethweni ngokupheleleyo, kumazwe ngamazwe, kwaye lifuna iindlela ezininzi zokufihla umthombo wemali evelisayo, ukuze i-kingpins ikwazi ukufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo kwingeniso.

‍ Abathengisi bezixhobo.

Ngokufana nendlela yokurhweba ngeziyobisi, ukuthengiselana ngezixhobo ezingekho mthethweni kunye neembumbulu kudla ngokubakho kumazwe ngamazwe kwaye kudla ngokufuna imali eninzi. Bavelisa izixa ezikhulu zengeniso ekufuneka zifakwe kuqoqosho olusemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba zibuyiselwe ngokukhuselekileyo ngabaphuli mthetho.

‍ abarhwebi ngabantu

Eli shishini lehlabathi lingekho mthethweni liqikelelwa ukuba I-150 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka. Ukukhula kwawo kuye kwabangela ukuba iinkampani ezingooqokobe, izenzo ezixhaphazayo zengqesho, iiakhawunti zefenitshala nezinye iindlela zokuhlawula zisanda, yaye iye yanda imfuneko yokuba ezi zaphuli-mthetho zinogonyamelo nezigxekayo zisebenzise imali yazo ngokungekho mthethweni.

Abaxhasi bobugrogrisi Nokuba abanqolobi benza ngezizathu ezivakalayo, bodwa okanye ngokwamaqela, kuzwelonke okanye kumazwe ngamazwe, imali isoloko ifuneka ukuxhasa izenzo zobundlobongela. Ukuhambisa imali ukuququzelela izenzo zoloyiko kunokuba lula okanye kunzima.

Ingxelo ye-FBI malunga nenkohlakalo ye-11 / XNUMX idize ukuba umsebenzi wabiza i-Al-Qaeda kuphela I-400 yeedola zaseMelika, usebenzisa ukuthutyeleziswa kwekheshi, ukudluliselwa kwemfonomfono phesheya kweelwandle, kunye nokuthenga ngetyala okanye ukutsalwa ngetyala kwiibhanki zamanye amazwe ngoxa useUnited States. Ezi ndlela zongeziweyo zokurhwaphiliza imali azizange zibonwe yi-US kunye nabanye abasemagunyeni.

Izigebenga zeWhite Collar

Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-White-collar luchazwa yi-FBI ngokuthi "ibonakaliswe ngokukhohlisa, ukufihla, okanye ukwaphulwa kwentembeko kwaye ingaxhomekeke kwisicelo okanye isoyikiso samandla omzimba okanye ubundlobongela." Unobangela wolu lwaphulo-mthetho kukufumana okanye ukuphepha ukulahlekelwa yimali, iimpahla okanye iinkonzo okanye ukufumana inzuzo yobuqu okanye ishishini.

Yohlukile kwezinye iindidi kuba ubundlobongela abukho isisongelo yonke indawo kwaye umthombo wemali awukho mthethweni, nangona ubuqhophololo, ubuqhophololo okanye ubuqhophololo botyalo-mali obubandakanyayo busenokufuna iinkonzo zokurhwaphiliza imali.

Ngaba ukulwa nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali kuyanceda ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho?

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngokungekho mthethweni kuyingozi ekusebenzeni ngendlela eyiyo kwenkqubo yezemali; nangona kunjalo, inokuba sisithende se-Achilles solwaphulo-mthetho.

Kuphando ngeenkonzo zokusebenza kumsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo amakhonkco aziswa ekukhanyeni ngokulandelwa kweentengiselwano zemali ezenza kube lula ukufumana ii-asethi ezifihliweyo kunye nokuseka ukuba ngabaphuli-mthetho kunye nombutho onoxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Xa iimali ezingekho mthethweni zifunyanwa kubusela, ubuqhetseba, ubuqhophololo okanye ubuqhophololo, ukuphehlelelwa kophando lokurhwaphiliza imali kudla ngokuba yeyona ndlela yokulandelela iimali ezibiweyo nokuzibuyisela kumaxhoba.

Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukugxila kwinkalo yokurhwaphiliza imali yezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuhlutha abaphuli-mthetho ezi nzuzo bazifumana ngokungekho mthethweni kubabetha kanobom. Enyanisweni, ngokungabikho kweengeniso ezisebenzisekayo, umsebenzi wobugebengu uphazamisekile.

Qhubeka unako. Sazise amava akho kwizimvo. Kodwa kuqala, apha uqeqesho lwe-crypto-Jackpot ekuvumela ukuba utyebe nge-cryptocurrencies.