Konke malunga ne-stock market

Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into malunga ne-stock market? Ukungakhathali. Imarike yemasheya yindawo esembindini apho izabelo zeenkampani ezirhweba esidlangalaleni zithengwa kwaye zithengiswe. Ihluke kwezinye iimarike kwizinto ezithengiswayo kuphela kwiimpahla, iibhondi, kunye neemveliso ezithengiswayo.  

Kule marike, abatyali-mali bafuna izixhobo zokutshala imali kunye neenkampani okanye abakhupheli kufuneka baxhase iiprojekthi zabo. Omabini amaqela athengisa izibambiso, ezifana nezitokhwe, iibhondi kunye neengxowa-mali ezifanayo, ngokusebenzisa abalamleli (ii-arhente, ii-brokers kunye notshintshiselwano).

Injongo ephambili ye-scholarship kukunceda kwintshukumo yenkunzi, ngaloo ndlela inegalelo kuzinzo lwemali nolwemali. Ngaloo ndlela ukusetyenziswa kwedemokhrasi yeemarike ze-securities kukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwemigaqo-mali esebenzayo kunye nekhuselekileyo ngakumbi. Kweli nqaku, ndiya kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga ne-stock market.

Yintoni i-stock market?

Igama elithi " bourse » ihlala ibhekisa kwesinye sezalathisi eziphambili zemarike yemasheya, njenge Dow Jones Umgangatho Woshishino okanye i-Standard & Poor's 500. Xa uthenga isitokhwe senkampani yoluntu, uthenga inxalenye encinane yaloo nkampani. Ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukulandelela yonke inkampani, i-Dow kunye ne-S & P indexes ziquka inxalenye ye-stock market kunye nokusebenza kwabo kuthathwa njengommeli wemarike yonke.

Ukutyala imali kwimakethi yesitokhwe, awudingi ukuba ube ngu " umtyali mali ". I-scholarship ivulelekile kuye wonke umntu. Unokubona isihloko seendaba esithi i-stock market yawa, okanye ukuba ivalwe phezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwemini.

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-indices market market ziye zanyuka okanye zehla. Oku kuthetha ukuba izitokhwe ngaphakathi kwesalathisi ziye zazuza okanye zalahlekelwa ixabiso lilonke. Abatyalomali abathenga kwaye bathengise amasheya banethemba lokufumana inzuzo kule ntshukumo yexabiso lesitokhwe.

Iimpawu zemarike yemasheya

Phakathi kwezona mpawu zibalulekileyo ze-stock market zezi zilandelayo:

Inzuzo

Ngokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya, umntu ulindele ukufumana imbuyekezo kuyo. Into enokuthi yenzeke ngeendlela ezimbini: Ukuqokelelwa kwezabelo kunye nomahluko phakathi kwexabiso lentengiso kunye nexabiso lokuthengwa kwezibambiso. Ngamanye amazwi, ngenzuzo eyinkunzi okanye ilahleko efunyenweyo.

Ukhuseleko

Sithetha nge-stock market. Oku kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso anokunyuka okanye ehle, kuxhomekeke ekuguquguqukeni kweemarike. Ngokucacileyo, oku kubonisa umngcipheko, ekubeni akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba utyalo-mali luya kubangela inzuzo.

Utyalo-mali kwizibambiso zexesha elide lunethuba elikhulu lokuba lutyalo-mali olunenzuzo nolukhuselekileyo. Enye indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko xa utyalo-mali la ulwahlulo. Ngale ndlela, amathuba okuba nelahleko ayancipha.

Ubumanzi

Kulula kakhulu ukutyalomali kwii-securities, ngoko ukuthenga nokuthengisa kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza.

Isebenza njani i-stock market?

Ingcamango emva kokusebenza kweemarike zemasheya elula ngokwaneleyo. Imarike yemasheya ivumela abathengi kunye nabathengisi ukuba baxoxisane ngamaxabiso kwaye benze iintengiselwano.

I-stock market isebenza ngothungelwano lwe-stock exchanges. Iinkampani zidwelisa izabelo zazo kutshintshiselwano lwezabelo ngenkqubo ebizwa isithembiso sikawonke-wonke yokuqala okanye Iminikelo yoLuntu yokuqala. Abatyali-mali bathenga ezi zabelo, bevumela inkampani ukuba inyuse imali yokwandisa ishishini layo. Abatyali-zimali banokuthenga kwaye bathengise ezi zabelo phakathi kwabo, kwaye utshintshiselwano lulandelela unikezelo kunye nemfuno yesabelo ngasinye esidwelisiweyo.

Olu nikezelo kunye nemfuno lunceda ukugqiba ixabiso lokhuseleko ngalunye, okanye amanqanaba apho abathathi-nxaxheba be-stock market bazimisele ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa.

Abathengi benza "i-offer", okanye imali ephezulu abazimisele ukuyihlawula, edla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwexabiso labathengisi "babuza" ngokutshintshiselana. Lo mahluko ubizwa ngokuba ukusasazeka kwebhidi. Ukuze kwenzeke intengiselwano, umthengi kufuneka anyuse ixabiso lakhe okanye umthengisi anciphise elakhe. Yileyo ndlela i-stock market isebenza ngayo.

Yintoni ukuguquguquka kweemarike zemasheya?

Utyalo-mali kwi-stock market lubandakanya umngcipheko, kodwa kunye nezicwangciso zotyalo-mali ezifanelekileyo, kunokwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokulahleka kwexesha elide. i urhwebo usuku, efuna ukuthenga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthengisa amasheya ngokusekelwe ekuguquguqukeni kwexabiso, kuyingozi kakhulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, utyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya kwixesha elide lubonakalise ukuba yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokwakha ubutyebi bexesha elide.

Ngokomzekelo, i-S&P 500 inomyinge wembali wembuyekezo iyonke yonyaka malunga ne-10% phambi kokulungelelaniswa kwexabiso lentengo. Nangona kunjalo, imakethi ayifane ibonelele ngokubuya konyaka nonyaka.

Eminye iminyaka imarike yemasheya inokuphela ngokuwa kakhulu, abanye benyuka kakhulu. Oku kuguquguquka kubalulekileyo kungenxa yokuguquguquka kweemarike.

Ukuba uthengisa ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye uthengise amasheya, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba uya kwenza impazamo ngexesha elithile, ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ngexesha elingafanelekanga, kubangele ilahleko. Isitshixo sotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo kukuhlala utyalwe kwiimali zesalathiso samaxabiso aphantsi alandelela imarike ebanzi, ukuze imbuyekezo yakho ibonise umndilili wembali.

Yintoni ethengiswayo kwi-stock exchange?

Kutshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe, asibhalisi kuphela izabelo kodwa sikwarhweba nezinye iiasethi zemali. Oko kukuthi, zonke ezo asethi zemali ukuba iinkampani ziye zagqiba ukuthengisa okanye ukurhweba iimfuno zabo zemali.

Umahluko phakathi koMvuzo oZinzileyo kunye neeMpahla

Ezi mveliso zithengiswayo zohlulwe zangamaqela amabini amakhulu abizwa ngokuba yingeniso esisigxina okanye ingeniso eguquguqukayo. Uhlobo lwengeniso luya kuxhomekeka ekubeni imbuyekezo efunyenwe ngumtyali-mali imiselwe kwangaphambili okanye hayi, ngokulandelelanayo.

Ngaphakathi kwengeniso emiselweyo, unokufumana amatyala, kwaye i-equities liqela lesibini, i-equities. Le ndlela yokugqibela ithandwa ziinkampani xa kuyimfuneko ukuzixhasa ngemali kwimarike yemasheya.

Kukwakho neemveliso ezixutyiweyo ezingumxube woku kungasentla, njengoko kunjalo iibhondi eziguqulwayo. Baqala ngokuvelisa inzala esisigxina baze baguqulele kwi-equity securities. Olunye uhlobo ziibhondi ezineziqinisekiso, apho umtyali-mali aphinde afumane ilungelo lokuhlawula okanye ukuguqulwa kwenye i-asethi yemali.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwimarike yezemali, ayizizo zonke ii-equity securities ezidwelisiweyo ezinembeko efanayo. Ngokwenene, ababelani ngeengxelo zomvuzo ezifanayo okanye babelane ngokulindelekileyo. Yile ndlela amaxabiso athile aya kuba newonga ngakumbi kunamanye ukuba ayathelekiswa. Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho:

Izabelo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezabelo ezikhethiweyo

Izabelo eziqhelekileyo zizibambiso ezingenalo naluphi na uhlobo lwamalungelo awodwa ngaphandle kwalawo anikezelwe ngumthetho kunye nakumanqaku ombutho wenkampani. Izabelo eziqhelekileyo zezo zikwaziyo ukunika amalungelo afanayo kubo bonke abanini bazo ngaphandle kokuba kubekho umahluko.

Izabelo ezikhethwayo, kwelinye icala, zezo zinika abaninizo okanye abanini bazo uhlobo oluthile lwelungelo elikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, singacaphula ukuba ukuba inkampani iyatshona, iya kuba ngabanini-zabelo kunye nabanini abaya kuhlawulwa okokugqibela. Ngokwenene, abatyalwayo baphambi kwabo kwaye phakathi kwabanini-zabelo, izibambiso ezikhethiweyo zikhululekile ukuba ziqokelelwe phambi kwabanye.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwiimarike zamasheya

Iimarike zezabelo zineengenelo ezininzi kunye nezingeloncedo. Ezi zibonelelo zezo zombini iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo kunye nabatyali-mali abanqwenela ukurhweba apho.

Izibonelelo zeeMarike zeStock

I-IPO izisa iwonga elithile kwinkampani. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kutshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe esidala, esifana nezo zaseAmsterdam, eLondon, naseNew York. I-IPO ikwathetha ukuba abatyali-mali banokuthenga izabelo kwinkampani, inceda ukuba ikhule ngokunyusa imali.

Ngokusebenza kwimarike yemasheya, abatyali-mali banomngcipheko omncinci wokungagqibeki komlingane. Oku kungenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu olawulo, apho iindlela zokurhweba ze-OTC zingenakho.

Ukongeza, iinkampani ezisebenza njengabathengisi be-intanethi zenze ukuba kube lula kubatyali-mali ukufikelela kwiimarike zemasheya.

Ukungalungi kweeMarike zeStock

Ukuya kuluntu lutyalo-mali olukhulu lwexesha kunye nenkunzi kwiinkampani. Ukongeza, bakuba bedwelisiwe, kuya kufuneka baphendule kubanini-zabelo abanezabelo.

Ukurhweba kwimarike yemasheya akuqinisekisi uzinzo. Iimarike zentengiso zinovakalelo lokuguquguquka kweemarike, oku kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho utshintsho olukhulu kumaxabiso esitokhwe, ngokuqhelekileyo ekuphenduleni iziganeko zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho emhlabeni jikelele.

Iimarike zamasheya nazo zinokuwa. Nangona kunqabile, ukuphahlazeka kweemarike zemasheya kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixabiso leempahla kwaye kubangele ukudandatheka kwezoqoqosho okuhlala iminyaka. Abarhwebi kunye nabatyali-mali banokulawula ukuvezwa kwabo kwintengiso ye-stock market ngokuphumeza isicwangciso sokulawula umngcipheko.

Eminye imizekelo yeemarike zamasheya

Ezona marike zibalulekileyo zezi:

INew York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

I-NYSE lelona shishini likhulu ehlabathini, elise-11 Wall Street, kwisiXeko saseNew York, eUnited States. I-NYSE ineenkampani ezimalunga nama-2400 ezidwelisiweyo ezibandakanya iinkampani ezininzi eziluhlaza njengeWalmart, Berkshire Hathaway Inc, JP Morgan Chase, njl.

Yenye yezona zinto zindala zokutshintshiselana ngesitokhwe eyasekwa ngo-1792. I-capitalization yemarike yazo zonke iinkampani ezidweliswe kwi-NYSE imalunga ne-22,9 yeetriliyoni zeedola ngo-2021.

Umyinge wokuthengisa umthamo wemihla ngemihla uphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-6 yezabelo zeebhiliyoni. I-NYSE kuphela kotshintshiselwano e-United States ebonelela ngokurhweba ngomgangatho kubathengisi abakhulu. Ibonelela ngokurhweba ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemali ezifana neengxowa-mali zotshintshiselwano (ETFs), izitokhwe, iibhondi, kunye nezinye iinketho ezininzi.

Isakhiwo sobunini be-NYSE sitshintshile kwi-2006, xa idibaniswa ne-Archipelago Holdings ukuze yenze i-NYSE Group, Inc. Ngokulindela olu tshintsho, izihlalo zokugqibela ekutshintshisweni zathengiswa ngoDisemba 2005.

Bonke abanini-zihlalo baba ngabaninizabelo kwiQela le-NYSE. Ukudibanisa ne-Euronext NV, iqela le-European stock exchanges, lenze inkampani yokubamba i-NYSE Euronext kwi-2007. Kwi-2008, i-NYSE Euronext yafumana i-American Stock Exchange (kamva yaqanjwa ngokuba yi-NYSE Amex Equities).

Isalathiso esiphambili solu tshintshiselwano i-DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE.

NASDAQ

I-NASDAQ yeyesibini ngobukhulu i-automated kunye ne-electronic stock exchange e-United States kunye neyokuqala eNew York. Ubungakanani bayo bunjalo kangangokuba umthamo wayo wokurhweba ngeyure umkhulu kunowo nawaphi na utshintshiselwano ehlabathini.

Kwi-NASDAQ, ngaphezu kwe-7000 stocks zidweliswe. Iinkampani ezithatha inxaxheba ziphawulwa ngeprofayili yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, i-IT kunye ne-biotechnology. Ikomkhulu lakhe liseNew York kwaye awona manqaku amele abameli ngawo I-Nasdaq 100 et le Nasdaq Composite.

Indawo yokujonga imarike yemasheya yehlabathi ngexesha langempela 

Kule mihla, kulula ukwazi kunye nokulandela utshintshiselwano oluphambili lwehlabathi. Ukukwazi ukujonga ukunyuka nokuhla kwemarike yemasheya ngexesha lokwenyani yindlela yokuzibeka kwimeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Kukho amaqonga amaninzi okulandelela amaxabiso esitokhwe ngexesha lokwenyani. Ukongeza, imfuno yolu hlobo lolwazi yenze ukuba iziza ezininzi zinike ezi indexes. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Megabolsa.com
• Iplanethi ye-Forex
• Investing.com
• Uqoqosho
• Ecobolsa

Kukho kwakhona ukhetho lwezixhobo zokusebenza ezine-Android okanye inkqubo yokusebenza ye-iOS. Ezi zicelo zahluke kakhulu kwaye zilungelelanisa zonke iintlobo zeemfuno. Ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo zezi:

Bloomberg : I-arhente yolwazi lwezemali ekhethekileyo kwimarike yemasheya. Ngombulelo kwisicelo sayo uya kuba nokufikelela ngexesha langempela kumaxabiso, i-stock market kunye neendaba ze-capital market. Imizobo yayo iluncedo kakhulu.

Yahoo! ZeMali : Abasebenzisi baya kukwazi ukwenza ipotfoliyo yokhuseleko kunye neemveliso ezinobungozi obungaphezulu okanye obungaphantsi. Ukuze wenze isigqibo sokutyala imali ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Sisicelo esilula nesilula ukusisebenzisa.

Izimali zikaGoogle: Esinye isicelo esilula esinconywa ngokukodwa kubaqalayo.

Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukutyelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo amaphepha amaninzi adwelisiweyo. Ukongeza kokujonga ngaphezu kwesinye sezi zicelo, kuba ngokuthelekisa yonke le datha, umntu uya kufumana ulwazi olungcono kakhulu.

Sishiyele iinkxalabo zakho kwizimvo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, ungaluthenga uqeqesho lwethu kwi-Master imali yakho yobuqu Volume 1.