Iyini i-KYC futhi kungani ibalulekile?

Ukwazi ukuthi ikhasimende lakho lingubani kanye nokusebenzisa izimiso zokuvimbela ubugebengu bezezimali kuyizinselele eziqhubekayo ezikhungweni zezimali. Ngokuphawulekayo, izikhungo zezezimali kufanele zithobele isethi yemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqinisekisa ubuwena bekhasimende ebizwa ngokuthi i-KYC. I-KYC, eyaziwa nangokuthi “Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho"noma"Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho”, isethi yezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ubunikazi bekhasimende ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwezimali.

Ukuhambisana nemithetho ye-KYC kungasiza ukuthi ugweme ukukhwabanisa imali, ukuxhasa ngezimali amaphekula nezinye izinhlelo zokukhwabanisa ezivamile. Ngokuqala ngokuqinisekisa ubunikazi bekhasimende kanye nezinhloso ekuvuleni i-akhawunti, bese beqonda amaphethini abo okuthenga, izikhungo zezezimali ziyakwazi ukuhlonza ngokunembe kakhudlwana umsebenzi osolisayo.

Izikhungo zezezimali zingaphansi kwezindinganiso eziqinile ngokuya ngemithetho ye-KYC. Kufanele basebenzise imali eyengeziwe ukuze bahambisane ne-KYC noma babhekane nezinhlawulo ezinzima. Le mithetho isho ukuthi cishe noma iyiphi inkampani, inkundla noma inhlangano esebenzisana nesikhungo sezezimali ukuze ivule i-akhawunti noma ihwebe kuyodingeka ithobele lezi zibopho. Kulesi sihloko sikhuluma konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nemithetho ye-KYC.

Iyini i-KYC emabhange?

I-KYC imele Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho futhi kuyinqubo evamile yokuqapha esetshenziswa izikhungo zezezimali nezinye izinkampani zezinsizakalo zezezimali ukuze zihlole futhi ziqaphe ubungozi bamakhasimende futhi ziqinisekise ubunikazi bekhasimende. I-KYC iqinisekisa ukuthi ikhasimende yilona ukuthi uthi uyikho.

Ngaphansi kwe-KYC, amakhasimende kufanele anikeze ngemininingwane efakazela ubunikazi bawo nekheli. Ukuqinisekisa kungase kuhlanganise ukuqinisekiswa kwekhadi le-ID, ukuqinisekiswa kobuso, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric, kanye/noma ukuqinisekiswa kwedokhumenti. Ukuze uthole ubufakazi bekheli, izikweletu zezinsiza ziyisibonelo samadokhumenti amukelekayo.

I-KYC iyinqubo ebalulekile yokunquma ubungozi bamakhasimende nokuthi ikhasimende lingakwazi yini ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zesikhungo ukuze lisebenzise amasevisi alo. Kuyisibopho esingokomthetho futhi ukuthobela imithetho emelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali (AML). Izikhungo zezezimali kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi amakhasimende awahlanganyeli ezenzweni zobugebengu ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zawo.

Amabhange angenqaba ukuvula i-akhawunti noma anqamule ubudlelwano bebhizinisi uma ikhasimende lingahlangabezani nezidingo ezincane ze-KYC.

Yini i-eKYC?

E-India, i-eKYC iyinqubo lapho ubunikazi bekhasimende nekheli kuqinisekiswa khona nge-elekthronikhi ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-Aadhaar. I-Aadhaar iwuhlelo lukazwelonke lwe-eID yebhayomethrikhi yaseNdiya. I-eKYC iphinde ibhekisele ekuthwebuleni imininingwane kuzihlonzi (imodi ye-OCR), ukukhipha idatha yedijithali kuma-ID ahlakaniphile akhishwe uhulumeni (nge-chip) ngobukhona bangempela, noma kusetshenziswa ubunikazi bedijithali obuqinisekisiwe nokuqashelwa kobuso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuwena ku-inthanethi.

Lolu hlobo lokuqinisekisa kwe-KYC luphinde lusetshenziselwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhweba ze-cryptocurrency.

Kungani ibalulekile inqubo ye-KYC?

Izinqubo ze-KYC ezichazwe amabhange zibandakanya zonke izenzo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amakhasimende abo angempela, ukuhlola nokuqapha izingozi. Lezi zinqubo zokungena kwamakhasimende zisiza ukuvimbela nokukhomba ukuxhashazwa kwemali, ukuxhasa ngezimali kwamaphekula nezinye izinhlelo zenkohlakalo ezingekho emthethweni.

Inqubo ye-KYC ihlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kwekhadi le-ID, ukuqinisekiswa kobuso, ukuqinisekiswa kwemibhalo efana nezikweletu zezinsiza njengobufakazi bekheli, nokuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric. Amabhange kufanele ahambisane nemithetho ye-KYC kanye nemithetho emelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali ukuze akhawulele ukukhwabanisa. Isibopho sokuthobela i-KYC sisemabhange.

Uma kwenzeka ukungathobeli, izinhlawulo ezinzima zingasetshenziswa. E-United States, eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Asia-Pacific, ingqikithi cishe Izigidigidi zama-26 zamaRandi izinhlawulo ziye zakhokhiswa ngokungalandeli imithetho ye-AML, KYC kanye nemithetho yezinhlawulo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule (2008-2018) - ingasaphathwa eyomonakalo wesithunzi owenziwe futhi ongalinganiswanga.

Ubani odinga i-KYC?

I-KYC iyadingeka ezikhungweni zezezimali ezisebenzelana namakhasimende lapho kuvulwa futhi kugcinwa ama-akhawunti. Uma ibhizinisi ligibela ikhasimende elisha noma lapho ikhasimende lamanje lithola umkhiqizo olawulwayo, izinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-KYC ngokuvamile ziyasebenza.

Izikhungo zezezimali okufanele ziqinisekise kumaphrothokholi e-KYC zifaka:

• Amabhange
• izinyunyana zezikweletu
• Izinkampani zokuphatha ingcebo nabathengi
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe bezezimali (izinhlelo zokusebenza fintech), kuye ngemisebenzi abazibandakanya kuyo
• Ababolekisi abazimele kanye nezinkundla zokubolekisa

Imithetho ye-KYC isiphenduke udaba olubucayi olukhulayo cishe kuzo zonke izikhungo ezisebenzisana nemali (ngakho-ke, cishe wonke amabhizinisi). Nakuba amabhange kudingeka ahambisane nemithetho I-KYC yokukhawulela ukukhwabanisa, baphinde badlulisele le mfuneko ezinhlanganweni abenza nazo ibhizinisi.

Yiziphi izingxenye ezintathu ze-KYC?

Izingxenye ezintathu ze-KYC zifaka:

• Uhlelo Lokuhlonza Kwekhasimende (CIP) : iklayenti ilowo elithi liyikho
• Ukukhuthala Kwekhasimende (CDD): ukuhlola izinga lobungozi bekhasimende, okuhlanganisa nokubuyekezwa kwabanikazi benkampani abazuzisayo
• Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo: qinisekisa amaphethini okwenziwa kwekhasimende futhi ubike umsebenzi osolisayo ngokuqhubekayo

Uhlelo Lokuhlonza Kwekhasimende (CIP)

Ukuze uthobele uhlelo lokuhlonza ikhasimende, isikhungo sezezimali sibuza ikhasimende ngolwazi lokuhlonza. Isikhungo ngasinye sezezimali siqhuba inqubo yaso ye-CIP ngokusekelwe kuphrofayili yaso yobungozi, ngakho ikhasimende lingacelwa ukuthi linikeze ulwazi oluhlukile kuye ngesikhungo.

Kumuntu ngamunye, lolu lwazi lungahlanganisa:

• Ilayisensi yokushayela
• Iphasipoti

Ngebhizinisi, lolu lwazi lungase luhlanganise:

• Ama-athikili Aqinisekisiwe Wokwesekwa
• Ilayisensi yebhizinisi ekhishwe uhulumeni
• Isivumelwano Sobambiswano
• Ithuluzi lokuthembela

Ebhizinisini noma kumuntu ngamunye, ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe kolwazi kungase kuhlanganise:

• Izinkomba zezezimali
• Ulwazi oluvela ku-ejensi yokubika umthengi noma isizindalwazi somphakathi
• Isitatimende sezimali

Izikhungo zezezimali kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi lolu lwazi lunembile futhi luthembekile, zisebenzisa amadokhumenti, ukuqinisekiswa okungeyona idokhumentari, noma kokubili.

Ukukhuthala Kwekhasimende (CDD)

Ukukhuthala okufanele kwekhasimende kudinga ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali zenze uhlolo oluningiliziwe lwengozi. Izikhungo zezezimali zihlola izinhlobo zemisebenzi okungenzeka ikhasimende lingayenza ukuze zikwazi ukuthola ukuziphatha okungavamile (noma okusolisayo).

Ngalesi sisekelo, isikhungo singanikeza i iklayenti isilinganiso sengcuphe lokho izonquma izinga kanye nemvamisa yokuqapha i-akhawunti. Izikhungo kufanele zihlonze futhi ziqinisekise ubunikazi banoma imuphi umuntu ongokwemvelo ongumnikazi ongu-25% noma ngaphezulu webhizinisi elisemthethweni, kanye nomuntu wemvelo olawula ibhizinisi elisemthethweni.

Yize ingekho inqubo ejwayelekile yokwenza ngokucophelela, izikhungo zingayiklama emazingeni amathathu:

• I-Simplified Due Diligence (“SDD”). Kuma-akhawunti yenani eliphansi, noma lapho ingozi yokukhwabanisa imali noma ubuphekula bezezimali iphansi, i-CDD egcwele ingase ingadingeki.
• La I-Basic Customer due Diligence (“CDD”). Kuleli zinga lokukhuthala okufanele, izikhungo zezezimali kulindeleke ukuthi ziqinisekise ubunikazi bekhasimende kanye nezinga lobungozi.
• Ukukhuthala Okufanele Okuthuthukisiwe (“EDD”). Amakhasimende asengozini enkulu noma anenani eliphakeme angase adinge ukuqoqwa kolwazi olwengeziwe ukuze isikhungo sezezimali siqonde kangcono imisebenzi yezezimali yekhasimende kanye nezingozi. Isibonelo, uma ikhasimende lingumuntu Ovezwe Ngepolitiki (PEP), lingase libe sengozini enkulu yokushushumbiswa kwemali.

Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo

Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kusho ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali kumele zihlale ziqapha ukuthengiselana kwamakhasimende azo. Lokhu kunombono wokuthola noma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo noma ongajwayelekile. Le ngxenye ithatha indlela eguquguqukayo nesekelwe engcupheni ku-KYC.

Uma kutholwa umsebenzi osolisayo noma ongajwayelekile, isikhungo sezezimali sidingeka ukuthi sithumele umbiko we-Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) ku I-FinCEN (I-Financial Crimes Enforcement Network) nezinye izikhungo zomthetho.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC: izindlela ezintsha zamukelekile

NgoNovemba 2018, ama-ejensi ase-U.S., okuhlanganisa ne-Federal Reserve, akhiphe isitatimende esihlanganyelwe esakhuthaza amanye amabhange ukuthi abe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezindleleni zawo zokuhlonza umsebenzi osolisayo nokuhlola ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bomazisi bedijithali. .

I-European Supervisory Authorities ikhuthaze izixazululo ezintsha zokubhekana nezinselele ezithile zokuthobela umthetho ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. Baphakamisa ukuthi kugcinwe indlela efanayo yezindinganiso ezingaguquki kuyo yonke i-EU.

Bahlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuqinisekisa, njengokuthi "uhlelo lwekhompyutha oludidiyelwe oluhlonza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi luqinisekise umuntu ngesithombe sedijithali noma umthombo wevidiyo (i-biometric ebusweni)” noma “isici sokuvikela esakhelwe ngaphakathi esingathola izithombe eziphangiwe noma eziphazanyisiwe (ngokwesibonelo, ubuso morph) ukuze lezi zithombe zibonakale ziyi-pixel noma zifiphele. »

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-biometrics kungase kuphonselwe inselelo yimithetho yendawo noma yesifunda. Le mithetho yezezimali yilena: GDPR e-EU, CCPA eCalifornia, ukusho embalwa.

Isiphetho

Imithetho ye-KYC inemiphumela efinyelela kude kubathengi nasezikhungweni zezimali. Izikhungo zezezimali kudingeka zilandele izindinganiso ze-KYC lapho zisebenza nekhasimende elisha. Lezi zindinganiso zabekwa ukuze kuliwe nobugebengu bezezimali kanye nokushushumbiswa kwemali. Lawa mazinga aphinde ahlanganise ukuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula neminye imisebenzi yezezimali engekho emthethweni.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Kungani kubalulekile ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi benkampani?

Ukushushumbiswa kwemali noxhaso lwamaphekula kuvame ukuncika kuma-akhawunti avulwe ngokungaziwa. Ukukhula kokugcizelelwa kwemithetho ye-KYC kuholele ekwenyukeni kokubikwa kwemisebenzi esolisayo. Indlela esekelwe engcupheni nge-KYC ingasiza ekuqedeni ubungozi bomsebenzi wokukhwabanisa. Kungase futhi kuqinisekise ukuzizwisa kwamakhasimende okungcono.

Sishiye umbono wakho kumazwana ukuze usivumele ukuthi sibuyekeze lesi sihloko